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Atractus torquatus (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Neckband Ground Snake 
SynonymRhabdosoma torquatum DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 101
Brachyorrhos torquatus BOIE 1827 (fide DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854)
Calamaria badia — SCHLEGEL 1837 (part.)
Rabdosoma varium JAN 1862
Rabdosoma varium — JAN 1865
Rhabdosoma varium — KAPPLER 1881
Atractus torquatus — BOULENGER 1894
Rhabdosoma torquatum — SAVAGE 1960
Atractus torquatus — HOOGMOED 1980
Atractus torquatus — KORNACKER 1999: 66
Atractus davidhardi SILVA HAAD 2004
Atractus janethae SILVA HAAD 2004
Atractus lucilae SILVA HAAD 2004
Atractus lucilae — PASSOS et al. 2007
Atractus davidhardi — PASSOS et al. 2007
Atractus torquatus — PASSOS et al. 2007
Atractus torquatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 82
Atractus torquatus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionColombia (Amazonas), Bolivia (Beni), Brazil (Amazonas, Pará), Peru, Venezuela (Bolivar [HR 30: 53], Amazonas); French Guiana (HOOGMOED 1980), Guyana (KOK 2006), Ecuador

Type locality: Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Dep. de Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

davidhardi: Colombia (Amazonas); Type locality: Letícia, Amazonas, Colombia.

janethae: Colombia (Amazonas); Type locality: “Colombia, departamento de Amazonas, La Chorrera (01º 25’ 24” Sur, 72º 51’ 16”Oeste). Actualmente restringida a la localidad típica en el corregimiento de La Chorrera, en los márgenes del río Igaparaná.”

lucilae: Colombia (Amazonas); Type locality: Colombia (Amazonas), La Pedreira, Puerto Córdoba (01º 09’38” Sur, 69º 40’ 00” Oeste)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: MNHN-RA 0437, male, designated by Savage (1960: 66)
Holotype: ICN-MHN = ICN 10096 [davidhardi]
Holotype: ICN-MHN = ICN 10104 (JSH-567) [janethae]
Holotype: ICN-MHN = ICN 10105 [lucilae] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (davidhardi): “De mediano tamaño, caracterizada por la presencia de franjas transversales, de color marrón oscuro, las cuales adornan las regiones dorsolaterales del cuerpo Se extienden desde la región de la nuca hasta la iniciación de la cola. Hemipenes cubiertos por espículas pequeñas, con excepción de las ramas de división, que son lisas. Estas son pequeñas (3 mm), e incurvadas hacia adentro; pedúnculo pequeño (2 mm), surco espermático bifurcado, la división es alta. Figura 13. Región ventral crema, adornada con pequeñas manchitas de color castaño, las cuales se extienden desde la región gular hasta la cola. Región supracefálica de color negro brillante; por detrás de ésta presenta una lista transversal amarilla o crema” (from SILVA HAAD 2004).


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CommentSynonymy: partly after HOOGMOED 1980. Atractus davidhardi, A. janethae, and A. lucilae were synonymized with Atractus torquatus by PASSOS et al. 2012. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin torquata = to be adorned with a necklace or collar.

A. davidhardi: “Dedicada en homenaje al Dr. David L. Hardy en reconocimiento por su contribución al estudio de los ofidios venenosos de Norte y Centro América y a la investigación clínica acerca de la efectividad de los variados procedimientos terapéuticos de uso empírico en las Américas (from SILVA HAAD 2004).

A. janethae: “Esta especie está dedicada a mi hija Janeth Silva Collazos.”

A. lucilae: “Esta especie está dedicada a mi hija Lucila Silva Collazos.” 
References
  • Barboza, Andy C., Lujan, Lesly and Venegas, Pablo J. 2016. Atractus torquatus (Neck-banded Groundsnake) and Atractus major (Large Groundsnake) Reproduction. Herpetological Review 47 (4): 675-676 - get paper here
  • Barrio, César Luis;Brewer-Carías, Charles;Fuentes, Oswaldo 1999. Geographic distribution. Atractus torquatus. Herpetological Review 30 (1): 53 - get paper here
  • Claessen, H. 2003. De slangen can de Guyana’s. Deel iv. Lacerta 61 (1): 19-27 - get paper here
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  • Duméril, A.M.C., G. BIBRON & A.H.A. DUMÉRIL 1854. Erpétologie générale ou Histoire Naturelle complète des Reptiles. Vol. 7 (partie 1). Paris, xvi + 780 S. - get paper here
  • Eversole, C. B., Powell, R. L., Rivas, L. R., & Lizarro, D. E. 2024. Reptile Biodiversity and Vulnerability in Bolivia’s Beni Department: Informing Conservation Priorities in a Neglected Frontier. Diversity, 16(6), 335 - get paper here
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