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Atractus avernus PASSOS, CHIESSE, TORRES-CARVAJAL & SAVAGE, 2009

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymAtractus avernus PASSOS, CHIESSE, TORRES-CARVAJAL & SAVAGE 2009
Atractus avernus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 69 
DistributionColombia (Caquetá)

Type locality: Paraíso (01° 14’ N, 75° 37’ W, ca. 480 m elevation), municipality of Florencia, Department of Caquetá, Colombia  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: MLS 2725, adult female, collected by Brother Niceforo Maria. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Atractus avernus can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) 15/15/15 dorsal scale rows, smooth, without apical pits and keels; (2) 2 postoculars; (3) long loreal; (4) temporals 1+2; (5) 7 supralabials, 3rd and 4th contacting orbit; (6) 7 infralabials, first 4 contacting chinshields; (7) 5 prediastemal and 2 postdiastemal maxillary teeth; (8) 3 gular scale rows; (9) 4 preventrals; (10) 135 ventrals on the single female; (11) 10 subcaudals; (12) dorsal color pattern dark brown with a creamish white occipital band, and paravertebral paired light dots along body; (13) venter creamish white and tail uniform black; (14) small size, only female reaching 168 mm; (15) short tail in the female (5.3% SVL). 
CommentThis description is based on a single female. 
EtymologyThe specific epithet ‘‘avernus’’ is a Latin word meaning the nether world or infernal regions of the earth. This name is used herein in allusion to the apparent secretive habits of the new species. 
References
  • Passos, Paulo; Altagratia Chiesse, Omar Torres-Carvajal, and Jay M. Savage 2009. TESTING SPECIES BOUNDARIES WITHIN THE ATRACTUS OCCIPITOALBUS COMPLEX (SERPENTES: DIPSADIDAE). Herpetologica 65 (4): 384-403 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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