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Atractus francoi PASSOS, FERNANDES, BÉRNILS & MOURA-LEITE, 2010

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesPortuguese: Cobra-da-Terra 
SynonymAtractus francoi PASSOS, FERNANDES, BÉRNILS & MOURA-LEITE 2010
Atractus sp. – MARQUES et al. 2004
Atractus francoi — WALLACH et al. 2014: 73
Atractus francoi — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (Rio de Janeiro: Highlands of the Serra da Bocaina and Serra dos Órgãos)

Type locality: Fazenda Recanto, Serra do Piloto (22°50’S, 44°03’W, ca. 600 m), municipality of Mangaratiba, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: MNRJ 17537, adult male, (formerly DZUFRJ 1742), collected 17 July 2006 by M. C. Carlo. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Atractus francoi is distinguished from all known congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) 17/17/17 smooth dorsal scale rows; (2) two postoculars; (3) moderate loreal; (4) temporals 1+2; (5) usually seven supralabials (six in one side), third and fourth contacting orbit; (6) seven infralabials, first four contacting chinshields; (7) eight or nine maxillary teeth; (8) two to four gular scale rows; (9) three or four preventrals; (10) 156–164 ventrals in females and 162–164 in males; (11) 14–19 subcaudals in females and 25–30 in males; (12) dorsum uniformly black in adults and brown with scattered small black dots in juveniles; (13) venter beige anteriorly, becoming gradually black after 15th ventral in juveniles and adults; (14) moderate body size, females reaching 473 mm SVL and males 420 mm SVL; (15) tail short in females (6.3– 8.6% SVL) and moderate (12.6–13.6% SVL) in males; (16) moderately bilobed, semicapitate, and semicalyculate hemipenis. 
Comment 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Oliveira, Jane C.F.; Rodrigo Castellari Gonzalez; Paulo Passos; Davor Vrcibradic & Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha 2020. Non-Avian Reptiles of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: status of knowledge and commented list. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 60: e20206024 - get paper here
  • Passos, P.; Fernandes, R.; Bernils, R.S. & Moura-Leite, J.C. de 2010. Taxonomic revision of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Atractus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Zootaxa 2364: 1–63 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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