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Atractus maculatus (GÜNTHER, 1858)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Spotted Ground Snake
Portuguese: Coral-Falsa 
SynonymIsoscelis maculata GÜNTHER 1858: 204
Rhabdosoma maculatum – GÜNTHER 1858: 241 (part.)
Atractus maculatus — BOULENGER 1894: 306
Atractus maculatus — AMARAL 1931: 88
Atractus maculatus — PETERS et al. 1970: 31
Atractus maculatus — FERNANDES et al. 2000
Atractus maculatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 75
Atractus maculatus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco, Paraná [HR 27: 216])

Type locality: unknown/none given  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.6.46 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Atractus maculatus is distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) 17/17/17 smooth dorsal scale rows; (2) two postoculars; (3) long loreal; (4) temporals 1+2; (5) seven supralabials, third and fourth contacting orbit; (6) seven infralabials, first four contacting chinshields; (7) six to eight maxillary teeth; (8) three gular scale rows; (9) usually three preventrals; (10) 165 ventrals in the single female, 146–151 in males; (11) 19 subcaudals in female, 27–30 in males; (12) dorsum creamish yellow with wide transverse black blotches, occasionally fragmented into small dots; (13) venter uniformly creamish white; (14) moderate body size, female 284 mm SVL, males reaching 360 mm SVL; (15) tail small in female (8.1% SVL), moderate (11.3–15.6% SVL) in males; (16) hemipenis moderately bilobed, semicapitate, and semicalyculate [from PASSOS et al. 2010]. 
Comment 
EtymologyNamed after Latin maculatus, from Latin maculus, spotted; polluted; tainted. (GÜNTHER 1858, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • Abegg, Arthur Diesel; Marco Antonio de Freitas & Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de Moura 2017. First confirmed record of Atractus maculatus (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) from the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Check List 13 (2): 2080 - get paper here
  • Amaral, A. D. 1931. Studies of neotropical ophidia XXIII. Additional notes on Colombian snakes XXVI. Ophidia of Colombia. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 4 (4): 85-94
  • Boulenger, George A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London, xi, 382 pp. - get paper here
  • Cacciali, P.; Villalba, R. & Yanosky, A.A. 2007. A NEW SPECIES OF ATRACTUS (SERPENTES:COLUBRIDAE: DIPSADINAE) FROM THE ATLANTIC FOREST OF ALTO PARANÁ, PARAGUAY. South American J. Herp. 2 (2): 83-88 - get paper here
  • Dubeux, M. J. M., Araújo Neto, J. V. D., Triburcio, I. C. S., Lisboa, B. S., Torquato, S., Freitas, M. A. D., ... & Mott, T. 2022. A “hotspot” within a hotspot: the reptiles of the Estação Ecológica and Área de Proteção Ambiental de Murici, Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 22: 1-14 - get paper here
  • Fernandes, R., E.M.X. Freire & G. Puorto. 2000. Geographic Variation of the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest Snake Atractus maculatus (Günther, 1858) with the revalidation of Rhabdosoma zebrinum Jan, 1862 (Serpentes: Colubridae). Bol. Mus. Nacional, 419: 1-8 - get paper here
  • Filho, G.A.P. et al. 2023. Composition, Species Richness, and Conservation of the Reptiles of the Highly Threatened Northern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. In: Pereira Filho, G.A., França, F.G.R., Alves, R.R.N., Vasconcellos, A. (eds) Animal Biodiversity and Conservation in Brazil's Northern Atlantic Forest. Springer, Cham - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Guedes, Thaís B.; Ricardo J. Sawaya, Alexander Zizka, Shawn Laffan, Søren Faurby, R. Alexander Pyron, Renato S. Bérnils, Martin Jansen, Paulo Passos, Ana L. C. Prudente, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, Henrique B. Braz, Cristiano de C. Nogueira, Alexandre 2017. Patterns, biases and prospects in the distribution and diversity of Neotropical snakes. Global Ecol Biogeogr 00:1–8 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1858. Catalogue of Colubrine snakes of the British Museum. London, I - XVI, 1 - 281 - get paper here
  • Jan, G. 1862. Enumerazione sistematico delle specie d'ofidi del gruppo Calamaridae. Arch. Zool., Anat. Fisiol., 2: 1-76. - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Páez, V.P. et al. 2002. Guía de campo de algunas especies de anfibios y reptiles de Antioquia. Universidad de Antioquia, - get paper here
  • Passos, P., R. Fernandes and N. Zanella 2005. A new species of Atractus (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Southern Brazil. Herpetologica 61 (2): 209-218 - get paper here
  • Passos, P.; Fernandes, R.; Bernils, R.S. & Moura-Leite, J.C. de 2010. Taxonomic revision of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Atractus (Reptilia: Serpentes: Dipsadidae). Zootaxa 2364: 1–63 - get paper here
  • Peters, James A.; Donoso-Barros, Roberto & Orejas-Miranda, Braulio 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata: Part I Snakes. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 297: 347 pp. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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