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Atretium schistosum (DAUDIN, 1803)

IUCN Red List - Atretium schistosum - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Natricinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Split Keelback, Olive keelback wart snake
G: Kielrücken-Wassernatter 
SynonymColuber schistosus DAUDIN 1803: 132
Tropidonotus moestus CANTOR 1839: 54 (fide SMITH 1943)
Tropidonotus surgens CANTOR 1839 (fide SMITH 1943)
Tropidonotus schistosus — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 596
Atretium schistosum — GÜNTHER 1864
Helicops schistosus — BOULENGER 1890
Helicops schistosus — BOULENGER 1893: 274
Atretium schistosum — GÜNTHER 1898: 31
Helicops schistosus — WALL 1921: 135
Atretium schistosum — SMITH 1943: 319
Atretium schistosum — DAS 1996: 54
Atretium schistosum — MATTISON 2007: 231
Atretium schistosum — WALLACH et al. 2014: 84 
DistributionSri Lanka, India (Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana), Nepal, Bangladesh

Type locality: none given  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: iconotype, Russell 1801, plate 4. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus). (1) body size large (maximum TL 870 mm), fairly stout; (2) head broad, stout, moderately distinct from neck; (3) internasals single, narrowed anteriorly; (4) prefrontals 2 – 3, horizontally arranged; (5) rostral small, broader than high; (6) nasal divided, nostrils directed dorsolaterally; (7) dorsal scale rows 19 – 19 – 17, moderately keeled and stronger posteriorly, without apical pits; (8) maxillary teeth 19 – 24, last one enlarged; (9) hemipenis bilobed, spinous throughout, apex without papillae; (10) two oblique, parallel dark stripes on lateral head absent (Cheng et al. 2021: 211). 
CommentType species: Coluber schistosus DAUDIN 1803 is the type species of the genus Atretium COPE 1861: 299

Distribution: possibly in Bhutan (Lenz 2012).

Key: Cheng et al. 2021 provide a key to the genera of Xenochrophis sensu stricto, Atretium, and Fowlea. 
EtymologyThe genus name Atretium is presumably derived from the Greek “atretos,” imperforate, meaning the absence of apical pits on scales. 
References
  • Ahsan, M.F.; Haidar, I.K.A. & Rahman, M.M. 2015. Status and diversity of snakes (Reptilia: Squamata: Serpentes) at the Chittagong University Campus in Chittagong, Bangladesh. . Journal of Threatened Taxa 7 (14): 8159–8166 - get paper here
  • Bhupathy, Subramanian & N. Sathishkumar 2013. Status of reptiles in Meghamalai and its environs, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 5 (15): 4953-4961 - get paper here
  • Botejue, W. Madhava S.; Jayantha Wattavidanage 2012. Herpetofaunal diversity and distribution in Kalugala proposed forest reserve, Western province of Sri Lanka. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 5 (2): 65-80(e38). - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • Cantor, T. E. 1839. Spicilegium serpentium indicorum [part 1]. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1839: 31-34 - get paper here
  • Cheng, Yu-Qi; Jin-Long Ren, Guang-Xiang Zhu, Jia-Tang Li 2021. On the Taxonomy of Atretium yunnanensis Anderson, 1879 (Squamata: Natricidae), with Redescriptions and Natural History Data of the Poorly Known Species. Russian Journal of Herpetology 28 (4): 205-218 - get paper here
  • Chettri, Krishna and Damodar Thapa Chhetry 2013. Diversity of Snakes in Sarlahi District, Nepal. Our Nature 11(2): 201-207 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1861. Contributions to the ophiology of Lower California, Mexico and Central America. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 13: 292-306 - get paper here
  • Daudin, F. M. 1803. Histoire Naturelle, Générale et Particulière des Reptiles. vol. 7. Paris: Dufart, 436 pp. [publication date fide Harper 1940] - get paper here
  • Deshmukh, Rahul V.; Sagar A. Deshmukh, Swapnil A. Badhekar, and Roshan Y. Naitame 2020. Snakes of Bhandara District, Maharashtra, Central India with notes on natural history. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 27 (1): 10–17 - get paper here
  • Dutta, S.K., M.V. Nair, P.P. Mohapatra and A.K. Mahapatra. 2009. Amphibians and reptiles of Similipal Biosphere Reserve. Regional Plant Resouce Centre, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India - get paper here
  • Fellows S 2015. Species Diversity of Snakes in Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve. Entomol Ornithol Herpetol 4: 136. doi:10.4172/2161-0983.1000136 - get paper here
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  • Ganesh, S.R.; A. Kalaimani, P. Karthik, N. Baskaran, R. Nagarajan & S.R.Chandramouli 2018. Herpetofauna of Southern Eastern Ghats, India – II From Western Ghats to Coromandel Coast. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology, July 2018. Vol. 7 No. 1, pp. 28-45 - get paper here
  • Ganesh, S.R.; S. Bhupathy, P. Karthik, G. Babu Rao & S. Babu 2020. Catalogue of herpetological specimens from peninsular India at the Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology & Natural History (SACON), India. JoTT 12 (9): 16123–16135 - get paper here
  • Ghosh, A. 2018. Atretium schistosum (Olive Keelback Watersnake) Diet / Scavenging. Herpetological Review 49 (1): 123. - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1898. Notes on Indian snakes in captivity. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 1: 30 - get paper here
  • Jayaneththi, Hareschandra Bandula 2015. Vertebrate fauna of Morankanda-Mukalana secondary forest patch in Sri Lanka: A checklist reported from 2004-2008 survey. RUHUNA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 6: 21- 41 - get paper here
  • Kalki, Yatin; Chayant Gonsalves , Daniel B. Wylie , Karthik A. K. Sundaram and Tristan D. Schramer 2021. Annotated checklist of the snakes of Bengaluru Urban District, Karnataka, India with notes on their natural history, distribution, and population trends over the last 150 years. Journal of Animal Diversity 3 (2): 26-41 - get paper here
  • Karthik, Pandi; Ayuthavel Kalaimani, Rathinalingam Nagarajan 2018. An inventory on herpetofauna with emphasis on conservation from Gingee Hills, Eastern-Ghats, Southern India. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology 7 (1): 2-16 - get paper here
  • Karunarathna, Suranjan D. M. S. and A. A. Thasun Amarasinghe 2011. A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF THE REPTILE FAUNA IN NILGALA FOREST AND ITS VICINITY, MONARAGALA DISTRICT, SRI LANKA. Taprobanica 3 (2): 69-76 - get paper here
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  • Kramer, E. 1977. Zur Schlangenfauna Nepals. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 84 (3): 721-761. - get paper here
  • Lenz, Norbert 2012. Von Schmetterlingen und Donnerdrachen - Natur und Kultur in Bhutan. Karlsruher Naturhefte 4, Naturkundemuseum Karlsruhe, 124 pp.
  • Madawala, Majintha; Thilina D Surasinghe, Anslem De Silva, Dinesh Gabadage, Madhava Botejue, Indika Peabotuwage, Dushantha Kandambi, Suranjan Karunarathna 2019. Reappraisal of Herpetofauna Recorded from Jaffna Peninsula in Northern Sri Lanka with Remarks on Conservation, Diversity, and Distribution. Russ. J. Herpetol. 26 (5): 247-260 - get paper here
  • Mattison, Chris 2007. The New Encyclopedia of Snakes. Princeton University Press
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  • MURALI, GOPAL & G. MELVINSELVAN. 2021. ATRETIUM SCHISTOSUM (Olive Keelback Watersnake). COLOR POLYMORPHISM. Herpetological Review 52 (1): 146. - get paper here
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  • Wall, F. 1905. Notes on some Bangalore Snakes. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 16: 389-394 - get paper here
  • Wall, F. 1907. Notes on Snakes collected in Fyzabad. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 18: 101-129 - get paper here
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