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Azemiops feae BOULENGER, 1888

IUCN Red List - Azemiops feae - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Azemiopinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Fea Viper, Black-headed Burmese viper
G: Fea-Viper
Chinese: 黑头蝰
E: White-headed Fea Viper, White-headed Burmese viper [kharini]
G: Weisskopf-Fea-Viper [kharini]
Chinese: 白头蝰 [kharini] 
SynonymAzemiops feae BOULENGER 1888: 602
Azemiops feae — SMITH 1943: 480
Azemiops feae — WELCH 1994: 27
Azemiops feae — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 230
Azemiops feae — NGUYEN et al. 2009
Azemiops feae — WALLACH et al. 2014: 87

Azemiops kharini ORLOV, RYABOV & NGUYEN 2013: 119
Azemiops albocephala ORLOV, RYABOV & NGUYEN 2013: 112
Azemiops kharini — WANG et al. 2022 
DistributionN Myanmar (= Burma), N Vietnam
S/C China (from W Yunnan and S Shaanxi east to Zhejiang, south to Guangxi; Kweichow, Sichuan, Fujien, Jiangxi, Guangdong), SE Tibet. Elevation 600-1500 m.

Type locality: Kakhyen Hills, Burma (24°35’ N 97°25’ E)

kharini (invalid): Vietnam (Vinh Phuc, Cao Bang, Lang Son, Tam Dao Mountains; Tuyen Quang), E China (E Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, eastern Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Hunan), Laos

Type locality: Tam Dao Mountain, Tam Dao Village, Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam; 900 m elevation.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: MSNG 30891 (Genova), also given as MSNM 30891 (Milano)
Holotype: ZISP 26028, adult male, collected on 12 June 2003 by N. L. Orlov and S. A. Ryabov. Paratypes (n=8): ZISP 20010, juv., Tam Dao Mountain, Tam Dao Village, Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam; 750 – 900 m a.s.l., collected on October 1975 by Nguyen Van Sang; ZISP 22747 male, Tam Dao Mountain, Tam Dao Village, Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam; 750 – 900 m a.s.l., collected on October 2001 by N. L. Orlov and S. A. Ryabov; ZISP 26806 female, Tam Dao Mountain, Tam Dao Village, Vinh Phuc Province, Vietnam; 900 m a.s.l., collected on 13 June 2003 by N. L. Orlov and S. A. Ryabov; ZISP 26804 female, ZISP 26805 male, Thanh Cong village, Nguyen Binh district, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, 1300 m a.s.l., collected on 15 – 17 June 2003 by N. L. Orlov and S. A. Ryabov; ZISP 26807 male, ZISP 26802 female, Quang Thanh village, Nguyen Binh district, Cao Bang Province, Vietnam, 1100 m a.s.l., collected on 18 – 21 June 2003 by N. L. Orlov and S. A. Ryabov; ZISP 26803 male, Mau Son, Loc Binh district, Lang Son Province, Vietnam, 820 m a.s.l., on 11 June 2006 by N. L. Orlov and S. A. Ryabov. [kharini] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): presence of the choanal process on the palatine, oviparity, large scales on the head and smooth dorsal scales (Zug et al., 2001; Orlov et al., 2002; Mallow et al., 2003; Orlov et al., 2013, Snetkov & Orlov 2017).


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CommentVenomous!

Type species: Azemiops feae Boulenger, 1888 is the type species of the genus Azemiops Boulenger, 1888. The subfamily was established by LIEM et al. 171.

Genome: see Myers et al. 2022.

Similar species (kharini:): this species has been confused with A. feae although they are easy to distinguish by the color of their heads. A. kharini may be a color variant of A. feae. Teynié et al. (2017) found multiple specimens that combine characteristics of A. feae and A. kharini (i.e. they look like hybrids or intergrades), which suggests that the status of A. kharini needs to be revisited. A. kharini is nested within A. feae in the phylogeny of Li et al. (2020)

Synonymy: Orlov et al. used the name Azemiops albocephala in Figures 5 and 6 before they used the name A. kharini (in the rest of the manuscript starting in Figure 8). The authors probably wanted to name the species A. albocephala but then learned that Vladimir Kharin had passed, so they changed the name but not throughout the manuscript.

Phylogenetics: Li et al. 2020 found A. kharini to be nested within A.. feae, although they did not formally synonymize the two species.

Distribution: Very likely is the parapatry of these species in Yunnan, Sichuan and north Vietnam. Azemiops feae occurs to the west of the Red River (Sông HôÌng), and Azemiops kharini sp. nov. — to the east of the Red River.

NCBI taxonID: 2483457 [kharini]
RDB speciesID: 11457 [kharini]

Etymology: Azemiops kharini was named in honor of the untimely passed zoologist Vladimir Kharin, who made a great contribution to the study of the fauna of fish and reptiles, including snakes, in Asia. 
EtymologyNamed after Leonardo Fea, naturalist in Genoa. 
References
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