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Batagur borneoensis (SCHLEGEL & MÜLLER, 1844)

IUCN Red List - Batagur borneoensis - Critically Endangered, CR
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Higher TaxaGeoemydidae (Geoemydinae), Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Painted Terrapin, Biuku
G: Callagur-Flussschildkröte 
SynonymEmys borneoensis SCHLEGEL & MÜLLER 1844 (in TEMMINCK)
Batagur picta GRAY 1862
Batagur picta — GRAY 1863: 75
Kachuga major GRAY 1873: 166
Callagur picta BOULENGER 1889
Kachuga brookei BARTLETT 1895
Callagur borneensis — DE ROOIJ 1915: 289
Callagur borneoensis — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 142
Callagur borneoensis — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 442
Callagur borneoensis — COX et al. 1998: 125
Batagur borneoensis — LE et al. 2007
Batagur borneoensis — TTWG 2021
Batagur borneensis — MOHD-SALLEH et al. 2023 (in error) 
DistributionS Thailand, West Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo), Singapore

Type locality: Beluku, Borneo.  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesHolotype: RMNH 6210
Holotype: BMNH 1947.3.4.20 (63.10.8.11) [major] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2481 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentPicture in Draco 13 (4): 93 (2003).

Conservation: This is one of the most endangered turtle species according to a 2003 assessment by the IUCN.

Habitat: B. affinis, B. baska, and B. borneoensis are the only species living in tidal, brackish areas of the estuaries of medium and large rivers (Ernst et al. 2000)

Karyotype: 2n = 52 (Bickham and Carr, 1983).

Relationships: McDowell (1964) thought Callagur borneoensis to be most closely related to Kachuga trivittata, differing from that species in its elongated neural bones, narrower triturating surfaces, and greater size. He suspected C. borneoensis might be the end representative of a single K. kachuga-K. trivittata-C. borneoensis superspecies. 
EtymologyNamed after its distribution on Borneo (Indonesia). 
References
  • Auliya, M. 2006. Taxonomy, Life History, and conservation of giant reptiles in west Kalimantan. Natur und Tier Verlag, Münster, 432 pp. - get paper here
  • Bour, R. 2008. Global diversity of turtles (Chelonii; Reptilia) in freshwater. Hydrobiologia 595:593–598 - get paper here
  • Chan-ard, T., Parr, J.W.K. & Nabhitabhata, J. 2015. A field guide to the reptiles of Thailand. Oxford University Press, NY, 352 pp. [see book reviews by Pauwels & Grismer 2015 and Hikida 2015 for corrections] - get paper here
  • Chan-ard,T.; Grossmann,W.; Gumprecht,A. & Schulz,K. D. 1999. Amphibians and reptiles of peninsular Malaysia and Thailand - an illustrated checklist [bilingual English and German]. Bushmaster Publications, Würselen, Gemany, 240 pp. [book review in Russ. J Herp. 7: 87] - get paper here
  • Cox, Merel J.; Van Dijk, Peter Paul; Jarujin Nabhitabhata & Thirakhupt,Kumthorn 1998. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Ralph Curtis Publishing, 144 pp.
  • de Rooij, N. de 1915. The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. I. Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosauria. Leiden (E. J. Brill), xiv + 384 pp. - get paper here
  • Ernst, C. H.; Altenburg, R. G. M.; Barbour, R. W. 2000. Turtles of the World. Windows Version 1.2. World Biodiversity Database CD-ROM Series. Expert Center for Taxonomic Identification. Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
  • FIGUEROA, ALEX; MARTYN E.Y. LOW, KELVIN K.P. LIM 2023. Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution. Zootaxa 5287 (1): 001–378 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1862. Notice of two new species of Batagur in the collection of the British Museum. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1862: 264-265. - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1863. Notice of two new species of Batagur in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 12: 74-75 - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1873. On the original form, development, and cohesion of the bones of the sternum of chelonians; with notes on the skeleton of Sphargis. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 11: 161-172 - get paper here
  • Grossmann, W. 1986. Das Portrait: Callagur borneoensis (SCHLEGEL & MÜLLER). Sauria 8 (4): 1-2 - get paper here
  • Guntoro, Joko 2012. The Body Size and Some Field Notes of Painted Terrapin (Batagur borneoensis) in District of Aceh Tamiang, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology 1 (2): 74 -77 - get paper here
  • Kopstein, F. 1938. Ein Beitrag zur Eierkunde und zur Fortpflanzung der Malaiischen Reptilien. Bull. Raffles Mus. No 14: 81-167
  • Le, Minh; William P. McCord and John B. Iverson 2007. On the paraphyly of the genus Kachuga (Testudines: Geoemydidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45: 398-404 - get paper here
  • Ludwig, Maxim; Auer, Markus; Fritz, Uwe 2007. Phalangeal formulae of geoemydid terrapins (Batagur, Callagur, Hardella, Heosemys, Kachuga, Orlitia, Pangshura, Rhinoclemmys) reflect distinct modes of life. Amphibia-Reptilia 28 (4): 574-576 - get paper here
  • Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. 1997. Amphibien & Reptilien Südostasiens. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 512 pp. - get paper here
  • McCord, W.P. & Joseph-Ouni, M. 2003. Chelonian Illustrations #10. Monotypic genera of the family Geoemydidae. Reptilia (GB) (30): 34-38 - get paper here
  • Mertens, Robert. 1937. Ueber Callagur borneoensis (Schlegel & Müller), eine seltene Brackwasser-Schildkröte. Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde 48 (7): 150-151
  • Mohd Salleh, M.H.; Esa, Y.; Salleh, S.M.; Mohd Sah, S.A. 2022. Turtles in Malaysia: A Review of Conservation Status and a Call for Research. Animals 12, 2184 - get paper here
  • Moll, Edward O.; Matson, Kevin E.; Krehbiel, Eugene B. 1981. Sexual and seasonal dichromatism in the Asian river turtle Callagur borneoensis. Herpetologica 37 (4):181-194 - get paper here
  • Saputra, S., Kurniawan, N., Arisoesilaningsih, E., & Retnaningdyah, C. 2020. Morphometric Characteristics Of Tuntong Laut (Batagur Borneoensis) Various Ages Found In Aceh Tamiang. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine, 7(3), 2642-2650 - get paper here
  • Schilde, M. 2004. Asiatische Sumpfschildkröten - Die Familie Geoemydidae in Südostasien, China und Japan. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 192 pp. - get paper here
  • Schlegel,H. & Müller,S. 1845. Over de Schildpadden van den Indischen Archipel. In: Temminck,V. (1839-1847) Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, door de leden der Natuurkundige Commisie in Oost-Indie en andere schrijvers. Leijden folio. Afd. 1 Zoologie in 12 afleveringen, met - get paper here
  • Stanford, C.B. et al. 2020. Turtles and Tortoises Are in Trouble. Current Biology 30: R721–R735 - get paper here
  • TEYNIÉ, ALEXANDRE; PATRICK DAVID, & ANNEMARIE OHLER 2010. Note on a collection of Amphibians and Reptiles from Western Sumatra (Indonesia), with the description of a new species of the genus Bufo. Zootaxa 2416: 1–43 - get paper here
  • TTWG; Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., Bour, R., Fritz, U., Georges, A., Shaffer, H.B., and van Dijk, P.P. 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). In: Rhodin, A.G.J., Iverson, J.B., van Dijk, P.P., Stanford, C.B., Goode, E.V., Buhlmann, K.A., and Mittermeier, R.A. (Eds.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8:1–472. doi:10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021. - get paper here
 
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