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Bipes biporus (COPE, 1894)

IUCN Red List - Bipes biporus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaBipedidae, Amphisbaenia, Lacertoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Five-toed Worm Lizard
G: Fünffingerige Handwühle
S: Dos Manos de Cinco Dedos 
SynonymEuchirotes biporus COPE 1894
Euchirotes biporus — VAN DENBURGH 1895: 135
Euchirotes diporus COPE 1894: 436
Euchirotes diporus COPE 1896: 313 (in errore)
Bipes biporus — STEBBINS 1985: 242
Bipes biporus — LINER 1994
Bipes biporus — LINER 2007
Bipes biporum — LANGNER 2019 
DistributionMexico (W Baja California Sur)

Type locality: ‘‘Cape San Lucas, Lower California’’ (= Baja California, Mexico).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: USNM 21324 (Cochran, 1961: 110). Lectoparatypes: CAS 50187; MCZ 11813; USNM 8568, 12599, 21316, 21317, 21320–21325 (La Paz, Baja California, in the catalog of the United States National Museum). 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 890 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
Comment 
EtymologyNamed after Latin prefix bi- = two, double and the suffix porus = pore, referring to the two preanal pores. 
References
  • Cole, Charles J.;Gans, Carl 1987. Chromosomes of Bipes, Mesobaena, and other Amphisbaenians (Reptilia), with comments on their evolution. American Museum Novitates (2869): 1-9 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1894. On the genera and species of Euchirotidae. American Naturalist 28: 436-437. - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1896. The mesenteries of the Sauria. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1896: 308-314. - get paper here
  • Dial, B.E., R.E. Gatten, Jr. & S. Kamel 1987. Energetics of Concertina Locomotion in Bipes biporus (Reptilia: Amphisbaenia) Copeia 1987 (2): 470-477. - get paper here
  • Gans, C., G.C. Huang & H.F. Clark 1967. The Diphyletism of the Amphisbaenia (Reptilia): A Re-Evaluation Based upon Chromosome Counts Copeia 1967 (2): 485-487. - get paper here
  • Gorman, George C.; Wilson, Allan C.; Nakanishi, Mikiye 1971. A biochemical approach towards the study of reptilian phylogeny: evolution of serum albumin and lactic dehydrogenase. Systematic Zoology 20(2):167-185. - get paper here
  • Gotch, A. F. 1986. Reptiles - Their Latin Names Explained. Blandford Press, 176 pp.
  • Jones, L.L. & Lovich, R.E. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest. A photographic field guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 568 pp. [review in Reptilia 86: 84] - get paper here
  • Kearney, M. 2002. Appendicular Skeleton in Amphisbaenians (Reptilia: Squamata). Copeia 2002 (3):719–738 - get paper here
  • Kearney, M. 2003. Diet in the amphisbaenian Bipes biporus. Journal of Herpetology 37:404-408 - get paper here
  • LANGNER, C. 2019. Nicht alltägliche Einblicke in Mexikos Unterwelt - die erstaunliche Lebensweise der bizarren mexikanischen Handwühlen der Gattung Bipes Elaphe 2019 (6): 28-31
  • Leviton, Alan E.; Banta, Benjamin H. 1964. Midwinter reconnaissance of the herpetofauna of the Cape Region of Baja California, Mexico. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 30 (7): 127-156 - get paper here
  • Liner, Ernest A. 2007. A CHECKLIST OF THE AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF MEXICO. Louisiana State University Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural Science 80: 1-60 - get paper here
  • Love, B. 2009. Die Vergessenen. Reptilia (Münster) 14 (78): 83-84 - get paper here
  • Macey, J.R.; Schulte, J.A., Larson, A. & Papenfuss, T.J. 1998. Tandem duplication via light-strand synthesis may provide a precursor for mitochondrial genomic rearrangement. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15 (1): 71-75 - get paper here
  • Papenfuss, T.J. 1982. The ecology and systematics of the amphisbaenian genus Bipes. Occ. Pap. Cal. Acad. Sci. (136): 42 pp. - get paper here
  • Peralta-García A, Valdez-Villavicencio JH, Fucsko LA, Hollingsworth BD, Johnson JD, Mata-Silva V, Rocha A, DeSantis DL, Porras LW, and Wilson LD. 2023. The herpetofauna of the Baja California Peninsula and its adjacent islands, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1&2): 57–142
  • Stebbins,R.C. 1985. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston
  • Van Denburgh,J. 1895. A review of the herpetology of Lower California. Part I - Reptiles. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (2) 5: 77-163 - get paper here
  • Westphal, N., Mahlow, K., Head, J. J., & Müller, J. 2019. Pectoral myology of limb-reduced worm lizards (Squamata, Amphisbaenia) suggests decoupling of the musculoskeletal system during the evolution of body elongation. BMC Evolutionary Biology 19(1): 16 - get paper here
 
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