You are here » home › search results › Bitis arietans

Bitis arietans MERREM, 1820

iNaturalist logo

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Bitis arietans?

Add your own observation of
Bitis arietans »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaViperidae, Viperinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesBitis arietans arietans (MERREM 1820)
Bitis arietans somalica PARKER 1949 
Common NamesE: Puff Adder
G: Gemeine Puffotter 
SynonymBitis arietans arietans (MERREM 1820)
Vipera (Echidna) arietans MERREM 1820: 152
Cobra lachesis LAURENTI 1768
Cobra clotho LAURENTI 1768
Echidna arietans — WAGLER 1828
Vipera arietans — BIANCONI 1850: 189
Echidna arietans — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 1425
Bitis arietans — FISCHER 1884: 17
Bitis arietans — SCHMIDT 1923: 140
Cobra lachesis — MERTENS 1938
Bitis arietans — FITZSIMONS & BRAIN 1958
Bitis lachesis — MENZIES 1966
Bitis arietans — HARDING & WELCH 1980
Bitis arietans arietans — AUERBACH 1987: 206
Bitis arietans arietans — GASPERETTI 1988: 330
Bitis arietans arietans — BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991: 23
Bitis (Bitis) arietans — LENK et al. 1999
Bitis arietans — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 358
Bitis arietans — LARGEN & SPAWLS 2010: 612
Bitis (Bitis) arietans — WITTENBERG et al. 2014
Bitis arietans — WALLACH et al. 2014: 91
Bitis arietans — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 576
Bitis (Bitis) arietans — BARLOW et al. 2019
Bitis arietans — PIETERSEN et al. 2021

Bitis arietans somalica PARKER 1949
Bitis lachesis somalica PARKER 1949: 101
Bitis lachesis somalica — CAPOCACCIA 1955: 70
Bitis lachesis somalica — GANS et al. 1965
Bitis arietans somalica — LANZA 1988
Bitis arietans somalica — DOBIEY & VOGEL 2007 
DistributionRepublic of South Africa, Swaziland, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Angola, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire; except in the Center), Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Niger, Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia,
Guinea (Conakry), Guinea-Bissau, Gambia, Senegal, Mauritania, Western Sahara, Mali, Sudan (Jumhūriyyat), Republic of South Sudan (RSS) [abukhalil.mohamed, pers. comm.], Chad,
Morocco, SW Saudi Arabia, Oman

somalica: Somalia, N Kenya

Type locality: Cape of Good Hope = South Africa.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesTypes: BMNH 11.2.3a (possibly, fide P. Campbell, pers. comm. May 2019). Previously listed as unlocated; Merrem listed several plates in Seba (1735) in a footnote, but without details. Actual jar not located in BMNH though.
Syntypes: BMNH 1949.2.3.1-3, BMNH 1905.10.30.133-4, BMNH 1905.11.7.58, BMNH 1931.7.20.408-9 and BMNH 1931.10.2.2 [somalica] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (4760 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Bitis arietans peghullae Stewart 1973 is rejected as it has not been published regularly (BRANCH 1999).

Hybridization: Bitis arietans and Bitis gabonica hybridize in nature (Broadley & Blaylock 2013: 103)

Type species: Vipera (Echidna) arietans MERREM 1820 is the type species of the genus Bitis GRAY 1842.

Phylogenetics: for a recent phylogeny of this and related Viperinae see Šmíd & Tolley 2019 and Ceriaco et al. 2020 (for the genus Bitis).

Diet: Bitis arietans feeds mainly on rodents (76 %), fide Mané & Trape 2019.

Distribution: For a map see Sindaco et al. 2013. Not in Liberia fide TRAPE & BALDÉ 2014: 320. Not in Algeria fide Rachid Rouag (pers. comm., 8 May 2024). Not in Equatorial Guinea fide SÁNCHEZ-VIALAS et al. 2022 (where only B. nasicornis and B. gabonica occur). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin arieto for “I butt like a ram”, arietans can also mean “I strike violently or to bite violently.

The genus is named after New Latin bitis = to bite.

 
References
  • Abdelkarim, A. A., Kanno, I. O., & Musa, F. I. 2024. Observation on identification of birds and reptile in Taya-Basonda–Al galabat National Park, Gedaref state-Sudan. Journal for Nature Conservation, 126614 - get paper here
  • Abdelkarim, A.A., Kanno, I.O. & Musa, F.I. 2024. Observation on identification of birds and reptile in Taya - Basonda – Al galabat National Park, Gedaref State - Sudan. Journal for Nature Conservation 79, 126614 - get paper here
  • Alexander, G. J. and Maritz, B. 2015. Sampling interval affects the estimation of movement parameters in four species of African snakes. Journal of Zoology 297: 309–318, doi:10.1111/jzo.12280 - get paper here
  • ALEXANDER, G.J. & KRUGER, C. 2009. Bitis a. arietans (Merrem, 1820) WINTER MATING ACTIVITY. African Herp News (50): 30-33 - get paper here
  • ALEXANDER, G.J. & MARITZ, B. 2009. Bitis a. arietans (Merrem, 1820) Partial Resistance to Naja venom. African Herp News (50): 34-36 - get paper here
  • Arnold E N 1980. The scientific results of the Oman flora and fauna survey 1977 (Dhofar). The reptiles and amphibians of Dhofar, southern Arabia. JOURNAL OF OMAN STUDIES SPECIAL REPORT (No. 2): 273-332 - get paper here
  • Auerbach, R.D. 1987. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Botswana. Mokwepa Consultants, Botswana, 295 pp.
  • Bakker, John & Marion 1999. Bitis arietans, the puff adder. Litteratura Serpentium 19 (3): 88-90 - get paper here
  • Ball, L.D. & Borrell, J.S. 2016. An inventory of herpetofauna from Wadi Sayq, Dhofar, Oman. Journal of Threatened Taxa 8 (12): 9454-9460 - get paper here
  • Baptista NL, António T, Branch WR. 2019. The herpetofauna of Bicuar National Park and surroundings, southwestern Angola: a preliminary checklist. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [Special Section]: 96–130 (e203) - get paper here
  • Barlow A, Wüster W, Kelly CMR, Branch WR, Phelps T, Tolley KA. 2019. Ancient habitat shifts and organismal diversification are decoupled in the African viper genus Bitis (Serpentes: Viperidae). J Biogeogr. 46: 1234– 1248 - get paper here
  • Barnes, Keith 2016. Animals of Kruger National Park. Princeton University Press, ca. 180 pp. - get paper here
  • Barnett, Linda K. 2001. The herpetofauna of Abuko Nature Reserve, the Gambia. Herpetological Bulletin (77): 5-1 - get paper here
  • Barnett, Linda K. & Emms, Craig 2005. Common reptiles of The Gambia. Rare Repro, Hailsham, East Sussex, 24 pp.
  • Barts, M. 2008. Observation of a combat dance in Bitis arietans arietans. Sauria 30 (3): 39-42 - get paper here
  • Barts, M. & W. D. Haacke 1997. Zur Reptilienfauna der Tsodilo - Berge und angrenzender Gebiete in NW - Botswana Teil II: Sauria II; Serpents. Sauria 19 (4): 15-21 - get paper here
  • Bates, M.F.; Branch, W.R., Bauer, A.M.; Burger, M., Marais, J.; Alexander, G.J. & de Villliers, M.S. (eds.) 2014. Atlas and Red List of the Reptiles of South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Suricata 1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 512 pp.
  • Bauer, A.M., and Branch, W.R. 2003. The herpetofauna of the Richtersveld National Park, Northern Cape Province, Republic of South Africa. Herpetological Natural History 8: 111-160 [2001]
  • Bauer, Aaron M.; Branch, William R. & Haacke, Wulf D. 1993. The herpetofauna of the Kamanjab area and adjacent Damaraland, Namibia. Madoqua (Windhoek) 18 (2): 117-145. - get paper here
  • Behangana, M.; C. Aluziyo, D dendi, L. Luiselli, D. F. Hughes, E. Greenbaum 2019. HERPETOFAUNAL DIVERSITY AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AT LAKE NABUGABO AND SURROUNDING RAMSAR AREA WETLANDS IN SOUTHERN UGANDA. Vie et milieu - life and environment 69 (2-3): 1-N - get paper here
  • Behangana, Mathias; Richard Magala, Raymond Katumba, David Ochanda, Stephen Kigoolo, Samuel Mutebi, Daniele Dendi,, Luca Luiselli, and Daniel F. Hughes 2020. Herpetofaunal diversity and community structure in the Murchison Falls-Albert Delta Ramsar site, Uganda: Herpetofaunal diversity. European Journal of Ecology, 6(2)
  • Bianconi, J. J. 1850. Specimina Zoologica Mosambicana II. Mem. Acad. Sci. Ist. Bologna 1: 187- - get paper here
  • BITON, REBECCA & SALVADOR BAILON. 2021. An African adder (Bitis arietans complex) at Qafzeh Cave, Israel, during the early Late Pleistocene (MIS 5). Journal of Quaternary Science Online Version of Record before inclusion in an issue. - get paper here
  • Bittencourt-Silva GB, Bayliss J, Conradie W. 2020. First herpetological surveys of Mount Lico and Mount Socone, Mozambique. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 14(2) [General Section]: 198–217 (e247) - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Christian Brede & Philipp Wagner 2011. The reptiles (Testudines, Squamata, Crocodylia) of the forested southeast of the Republic Guinea (Guinée forestière), with a country-wide checklist. Bonn zoological Bulletin 60 (1): 35-61 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1891. Catalogue of the reptiles and batrachians of Barbary (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia), based chiefly upon the notes and collections made in 1880-1884 by M. Fernand Lataste. Tr. Zool. Soc. 13: 93-164
  • BOURQUIN, O. & V. GRUENER 2017. A NOTE ON THE HERPETOFAUNA OF MODISA CAMP (BOTSWANA) AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. African Herp News (64): 9-26 - get paper here
  • Boycott, R.C. 1992. An Annotated Checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Swaziland. The Conservation Trust of Swaziland - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang & Jeffrey Heath 2018. Amphibian and reptilian records from south-central Mali and western Burkina Faso. Bonn zoological Bulletin 67 (1): 59–69 - get paper here
  • Branch, W.R. 2008. PROPOSED KALUKUNDI MINE (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO) - TERRESTRIAL FAUNA. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT (FINAL REPORT). A specialist report for Envirolution Consulting (Pty) Ltd., 83 pp.
  • Branch, W.R.; Farelli, S. 1988. Life History Note: Bitis arietans arietans: unusual Colour Pattern. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (34): 46-46 - get paper here
  • Branch, W.R.; Rödel, M.-O. & Marais, J. 2005. Herpetological survey of the Niassa Game Reserve, northern Mozambique - Part I: Reptiles. Salamandra 41 (4): 195-214 - get paper here
  • Branch, William R. 1993. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers, 144 S.
  • Branch, William R. 1999. Bitis arietans peghullae Stewart 1973 (Serpentes: Viperidae): a valid race of puff adder? African Journal of Herpetology 48 (1-2): 15-19 - get paper here
  • Broadley, D. & Blaylock 2013. The Snakes of Zimbabwe and Botswana. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 387 pp. [book review in Sauria 35 (2): 59 and Copeia 2014: 388] - get paper here
  • Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70
  • Broadley, D. G. and Parker, R. H. 1976. Natural hybridization between the puff adder and gaboon viper in Zululand (Serpentes: Viperidae). Durban Museum Novitates 11, 77-83
  • Broadley, D.G. 1959. The herpetology of Southern Rhodesia. Part I--the snakes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 120 (1): 1-100 [reprint 1972] - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G. 1962. On some reptile collections from the North-Western and North-Eastern Districts of Southern Rhodesia 1958-1961, with descriptions of four new lizards. Occ. Pap. Nat. Mus. South. Rhodesia 26 (B): 787-843
  • Broadley, D.G. 1991. The Herpetofauna of Northern Mwinilunga Distr., Northw. Zambia. Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (37): 519-538
  • Broadley, D.G. 1994. A collection of snakes from eastern Sudan, with the description of a new species of Telescopus Wagler, 1830 (Reptilia: Ophidia). Journal of African Zoology 108 (2): 201-208.
  • Broadley, D.G.; Doria, C.T. & Wigge, J. 2003. Snakes of Zambia. An Atlas and Field Guide. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 280 pp. [review in Sauria 26 (3): 21]
  • Broadley, Donald G. and F. P. D. Cotterill. 2004. The reptiles of southeast Katanga, an overlooked 'hot spot'. [Congo]. African Journal of Herpetology 53 (1): 35-61. - get paper here
  • Buruwate, T. C., & Lloyd-Jones, D. J. 2024. Amphibian and Reptile Diversity of Niassa Special Reserve, Northern Mozambique. Journal of East African Natural History, 113(1), 1-18 - get paper here
  • Capocaccia L. 1955. Contributo allo studio della distribuzione geografica di Bitis lachesis somalica Parker (Ophidia, Viperidae). Doriana, Vol. II, N. 60: 1-7. (Supp. agli Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. G. Doria).
  • Carpenter, Charles C. 1977. Communication and Displays of Snakes. American Zoologist 17: 217-223 - get paper here
  • Carranza S, Xipell M, Tarroso P, Gardner A, Arnold EN, Robinson MD, et al. 2018. Diversity, distribution and conservation of the terrestrial reptiles of Oman (Sauropsida, Squamata). PLoS One 13 (2): e0190389 - get paper here
  • Carranza, Salvador; Johannes Els; Bernat Burriel-Carranza 2021. A field guide to the reptiles of Oman. Madrid : Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 223 pp. [review in HR 53 (3): 531] - get paper here
  • Chifundera, K. 1990. Snakes of Zaire and their bites. Afr. Stud. Monogr. (Kyoto) 10(3): 137-157.
  • Chippaux, Jean-Philippe & Kate Jackson 2019. Snakes of Central and Western Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press, 448 pp. [detaileld review in HR 51 (1): 161] - get paper here
  • Chirio, L. 2009. Inventaire des reptiles de la région de la Réserve de Biosphère Transfrontalière du W (Niger/Bénin/Burkina Faso: Afrique de l’Ouest). [Herpetological survey of the W Transfrontier Biosphere Reserve area (Niger/Benin/Burkina Faso: West Africa]. Bull. Soc. Herp. France (132): 13-41 - get paper here
  • Chirio, L. & Lebreton, M. 2007. Atlas des reptiles du Cameroun. MNHN, IRD, Paris 688 pp.
  • Conradie W and Branch WR. 2016. The herpetofauna of the Cubango, Cuito, and lower Cuando river catchments of south-eastern Angola. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 10 (2) [Special Section]: 6–36 - get paper here
  • Conradie, Werner; Brian Reeves , Neil Brown, & Jan A. Venter 2016. Herpetofauna of the Oviston, Commando Drift and Tsolwana nature reserves in the arid interior of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Indago 32: 81-98 - get paper here
  • Conradie, Werner; Gabriela B. Bittencourt-Silva, Hanlie M. Engelbrecht, Simon P. Loader, Michele Menegon, Cristóvão Nanvonamuquitxo, Michael Scott, Krystal A. Tolley 2016. Exploration into the hidden world of Mozambique’s sky island forests: new discoveries of reptiles and amphibians. Zoosyst. Evol. 92 (2): 163–180, DOI 10.3897/zse.92.9948 - get paper here
  • CONRADIE, WERNER; NINDA L. BAPTISTA, LUKE VERBURGT, CHAD KEATES, JAMES HARVEY, TIMOTEO JULIO & GOTZ NEEF. 2021. Contributions to the herpetofauna of the Angolan Okavango-Cuando-Zambezi river drainages. Part 1: Serpentes (snakes). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2): 244–278. - get paper here
  • Corkill, N. L. and Cochrane, J. A. 1966. The snakes of the Arabian Peninsula and Socotra. J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. 62 (3): 475-506 (1965) - get paper here
  • Coulson, I.M.; Riddell, L.C. 1988. Growth of an African Puff Adder, Bitis arietans arietans in Captivity. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (35): 35-36 - get paper here
  • Crochet, Pierre Andre; Raphael Leblois, Julien Pierre Renoult 2015. New reptile records from Morocco and Western Sahara. Herpetology Notes 8: 583-588 - get paper here
  • Cunningham, P., Maartens, L., & Prickett, M. 2018. A contribution to the reptiles of the Kunene River Mouth area. Namibian Journal Of Environment, 2, Section B, 1-8. Retrieved from - get paper here
  • Dobiey, M. & Vogel, G. 2007. Venomous Snakes of Africa - Giftschlangen Afrikas. Edition Chimaira, Terralog 15, 150 pp. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C., Bibron, G. & DUMÉRIL, A. H. A., 1854. Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Deuxième partie, comprenant l'histoire des serpents venimeux. Paris, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret: i-xii + 781-1536 - get paper here
  • Dunaev E.A., Orlova V.F. 2003. Diversity of snakes (on the materials of the exposition of the Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University). Moscow: Moscow State University Press, 376 pp
  • DYUGMEDZHIEV, ANGEL VALENTINOV; KOSTADIN ANDONOV, VLADIMIR TODOROV, GABRIEL MARTÍNEZ DEL MÁRMOL & NIKOLA STANCHEV. 2022. A possible case of syntopy between Bitis arietans and Daboia mauritanica based on new reptile localities in southwestern Morocco. Herpetology Notes 15: 33–36. - get paper here
  • Egan, D. 2007. Snakes of Arabia. Motivate Publishing, Dubai, 208 pp.
  • Farooq, Harith; Cristóvão Nanvonamuquitxo, Bibiana Nassongole, Werner Conradie, Roger Bills, Amadeu Soares, and Alexandre Antonelli 2022. Shedding Light on a Biodiversity Dark Spot: Survey Of Amphibians and Reptiles of Pemba Region in Northern Mozambique. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 17 (2): - get paper here
  • Fischer, J. G. 1884. Über einige afrikanische Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische des Naturhistorischen Museums I. Über die von Herrn Dr. G.A. Fischer in Massai Gebiete (Ost Afrika) auf seiner in Veranlassung der geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Expeditio Jahrb. Hamburg Wiss. Anst. 1: 1-32 - get paper here
  • Fitzsimons, V.F.M.; Brain, C.K. 1958. A Short account of the Reptiles of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park. Koedoe, 1(1): 99-104 - get paper here
  • Fraser M. 2023. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve, Western Cape, South Africa. Biodiversity Observations 13: 162–185. 14 March 2023 - get paper here
  • Gans, C.; LAURENT, R.F. & PANDIT, H. 1965. Notes on a herpetological collection from the Somali Republic. Ann. Mus. Roy. Afr. Centr., Sér. 8vo, Tervuren, (80) Zool., (134): 1-93
  • Gardner, A.S. 2013. The amphibians and reptiles of Oman and the UAE. Edition Chimaira, 480 pp.
  • Gasperetti,J. 1988. Snakes of Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 9: 169-450
  • Gebhart, J. 2013. Oman, quer durch`s Weihrauchland - ein Reisetagebuch. L@CERTIDAE (Eidechsen Online) 2013 [8]: 142-159 - get paper here
  • Geniez, P.; Mateo, J.A.; Geniez, M. & Pether, J. 2004. The amphibians and reptiles of the Western Sahara (former Spanish Sahara) and adjacent regions. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 228 pp. [reviewed in Reptilia GB 44: 81]
  • Geniez, Philippe 2018. Snakes of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Princeton University Press, 384 pp. - get paper here
  • Gillespie, S. 1992. Nachzucht der Stripe Phase Puffotter (Bitis arietans Merrem, 1820) in Gefangenschaft. Sauria 14 (4): 35-37 - get paper here
  • Girard, Francis 1998. Bitis arietans (Merrem, 1820); Puff Adder. African Herp News (28): 34 - get paper here
  • Glaudas, X., and G.J. Alexander. 2017. Food supplementation affects the foraging ecology of a low-energy, ambush-foraging snake. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 71:5 - get paper here
  • Glaudas, X., and G.J. Alexander. 2017. A lure at both ends: aggressive visual mimicry signals and prey-specific luring behaviour in an ambush-foraging snake. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 71:2 - get paper here
  • Glaudas, X., S.E. Rice, R.W. Clark, and G.J. Alexander 2020. The intensity of sexual selection, body size and reproductive success in a mating system with male-male combat: Is bigger better? Oikos 129:998–1011 - get paper here
  • Glaudas, X.; T. C. Kearney and G. J. Alexander 2017. To hold or not to hold? The effects of prey type and size on the predatory strategy of a venomous snake. Journal of Zoology 302 (3): 211–218; DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12450 - get paper here
  • Glaudas, Xavier and Graham Alexander. 2014. Bitis arietans (puff adder) foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 45 (1): 139-140 - get paper here
  • Glaudas, Xavier; Teresa C. Kearney, and Graham J. Alexander 2017. Museum Specimens Bias Measures of Snake Diet: A Case Study Using the Ambush-Foraging Puff Adder (Bitis arietans). Herpetologica 73 (2): 121-128 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1842. Monographic Synopsis of the Vipers or the family Viperidae. Zoological Miscellany 2: 68-71 - get paper here
  • Gray, J.E. 1849. Description of a new species of Box Tortoise from Mexico. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1849: 16-17 - get paper here
  • Grossmann, W., Kowalski, T., Zwanzig, B. M., Zilger, H. J. and Gebhart, J. 2020. Herpetological observations in Oman: Al Mughsayl and Wadi Ashawq in Dhofar, Part 1. Amphibia: Anura; Reptilia: Squamata: Sauria. Sauria 42 (1): 1-20.
  • Hanscom, R. J., Higham, T. E., Ryan, D., & Clark, R. W. 2023. Ambush hunting in snakes: behaviour, function, and diversity. In: D. Penning (ed.), Snakes: morphology, function, and ecology. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers - get paper here
  • Hartmann, P., Jr. & B. Steiner 1984. Breeding results: Bitis arietans. Litteratura Serpentium 4 (2): 80 - get paper here
  • Hattingh, J. & G.T. Willemse 1976. Hematological Observations on the Puff Adder, Bitis arietans (Ophidia: Viperidae) Herpetologica 32 (3): 245-247. - get paper here
  • Hellmich, W. 1957. Herpetologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise in Angola. Veröff. Zool. Staatssammlung München 5: 1-91 - get paper here
  • Herrmann, H. W.; Joger, U.; Lenk, P. & Wink, M. 1999. Morphological and molecular phylogenies of viperines: conflicting evidence? Kaupia (Darmstadt) (8): 21-30 - get paper here
  • Herrmann, H.-W.; W.R. Branch 2013. Fifty years of herpetological research in the Namib Desert and Namibia with an updated and annotated species checklist. Journal of Arid Environments 93: 94–115 - get paper here
  • Herrmann, Hans-Werner; Schmitz, Andreas; Herrmann, Patricia A. & Böhme, Wolfgang 2007. Amphibians and reptiles of the Tchabal Mbabo mountains, Adamaoua plateau, Cameroon. Bonner zoologische Beiträge 55 (1/2): 27-35 - get paper here
  • Hughes, B. 2013. Snakes of Bénin, West Africa. Bull. Soc. Herp. France 144: 101-159
  • HUGHES, B. 2018. THE SNAKES OF DODOMA. African Herp News (67): 8 - get paper here
  • Jackson, Kate; Ange-Ghislain Zassi-Boulou, Lis-Bethy Mavoungou, and Serge Pangou 2007. Amphibians and Reptiles of the LacTélé Community Reserve, Likouala Region, Republic of Congo (Brazzaville). Herp. Cons. Biol. 2 (2): 75-86 - get paper here
  • Jacobsen, N.H.G. 1986. Growth of Puff Adder, Bitis arietans in Captivity. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (32): 19-23 - get paper here
  • JACOBSEN, N.H.G. 2009. A contribution to the herpetofauna of the Passendro Area, Central African Republic. African Herp News (47): 2-20 - get paper here
  • Jauch, H. M. 1993. Growth of Captive - Born Puff Adders (Bitis arietans) during their first Year of Life. African Herp News (20): 26-29 - get paper here
  • KANE, DANIEL & CHRISTOPHER J. MICHAELS. 2022. Body size comparisons between wild and captive puff adders Bitis arietans. Herpetological Journal 32(4): 176–182. - get paper here
  • Kirchhof S, Wasonga V, Mazuch T, Spawls S, Malonza KP. 2023. An annotated checklist of the herpetofauna of the Sibiloi National Park in northern Kenya based on field surveys. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1/2) [General Section]: 1–18 (e324) - get paper here
  • Kolodziej, K. & Cenker, C. 2010. Unterwegs im Schmelztiegel der Arten - Herping in Marokko. Elaphe 2020 (3): 14-25
  • Laita, Mark 2013. Serpentine. Abrams and PQ Blackwell, Auckland, New Zealand, 200 unnumbered pages
  • Lanza, B. 1990. Amphibians and reptiles of the Somali Democratic Republic: check list and biogeography. Biogeographia, 14: 407-465 [1988] - get paper here
  • Largen, M.J.; Spawls, S. 2010. Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 694 pp.
  • Largen,M.J. & Rasmussen,J.B. 1993. Catalogue of the snakes of Ethiopia (Reptilia Serpentes), including identification keys. Tropical Zoology 6: 313-434 - get paper here
  • Lenk,P.; Herrmann,H. W.; Joger,U. & Wink,M. 1999. Phylogeny and taxonomic subdivision of Bitis (Reptilia: Viperidae) based on molecular evidence. Kaupia (Darmstadt) (8): 31-38 - get paper here
  • Lenz, S. 1994. Beobachtungen zum Paarungsverhalten und zum Parasitenbefall der Puffotter (Bitis arietans) in Gambia/Westafrika. Salamandra 30 (1): 86-89 - get paper here
  • Lobón-Rovira J, Vaz Pinto P, S. Becker F, Tolley KA, Measey J, Bennet B, Boon B, de Sá S, Conradie W 2022. An updated herpetofaunal species inventory of Iona National Park in southwestern Angola. Check List 18(2): 289-321 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1936. African reptiles and amphibians in the Field Museum of Natural History. Zool. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Chicago, 22 (1): 1-122 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, Arthur 1929. East African reptiles and amphibians in the United States National Museum. Bull. US Natl. Mus. (151): 1-135 - get paper here
  • Lyakurwa, J.V., Howell, K.M., Munishi, L.K., Treydte, A.C. 2019. Uzungwa Scarp Nature Forest Reserve; a unique hotspot for reptiles in Tanzania. Acta Herpetologica 14 (1): 3-14 - get paper here
  • Lyakurwa, John Valentine 2017. The Reptiles of the Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (USFR): An Updated Checklist with Notes on Dagger-Tooth Vine Snake Xyelodontophis uluguruensis. Journal of East African Natural History 106(2):57-65. - get paper here
  • Machts, Tobias 2015. Eine Beobachtung zur Ophiophagie bei der Puffotter (Bitis arietans). Terraria-Elaphe 2015 (1): 58-61 [2014] - get paper here
  • Malonza, Patrick K.; David M. Mulwa, Joash O. Nyamache, Georgina Jones 2017. Biogeography of the Shimba Hills ecosystem herpetofauna in Kenya. Zoological Research 38(5): 1-11 - get paper here
  • MANÉ, Youssouph & Jean-François TRAPE 2019. Le régime alimentaire des vipères du Sénégal. Bull. Soc. Herp. France (2019) 170 : 49-83
  • MARITZ, B. 2013. Bitis arietans arietans (Merrem, 1820) Predation. African Herp News (59): 21-28 - get paper here
  • Marmol, Gabriel Martínez del; Baudilio Rebollo Fernandez, Stéphane Clerc, Thor Håkonsen, Sonia Acierno, Marco Sassoe 2019. Sympatry of vipers in southwestern Morocco. Herpetology Notes 12: 337-342 - get paper here
  • Marques, Mariana P.; Luis M. P. Ceríaco , David C. Blackburn , and Aaron M. Bauer 2018. Diversity and Distribution of the Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles of Angola -- Atlas of Historical and Bibliographic Records (1840–2017). Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) 65: 1-501 (Supplement II)
  • Marshall BM, Strine CT. 2019. Exploring snake occurrence records: Spatial biases and marginal gains from accessible social media. PeerJ 7:e8059 - get paper here
  • Martínez del Mármol, G. 2020. The phenotypic variability of the Genus Bitis Gray 1842, with remarks in its resemblance to other vipers. In: Martínez, G., León, R., Jiménez-Robles, O., González De la Vega, J. P., Gabari, V., Rebollo, B., Sánchez-Tójar, A., Fernández-Cardenete, J. R., Gállego, J. (Eds.). Amphibians and Reptiles of Morocco and Western Sahara - get paper here
  • Martínez del Mármol, Gabriel; D. James Harris, Philippe Geniez, Philip de Pous, and Daniele Salvi 2019. Amphibians and Reptiles of Morocco. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 478 pp - get paper here
  • Mavoungou, L. B., Jackson, K., & Goma-Tchimbakala, J. 2024. Snake species assemblages across habitat types in four departments of the Republic of Congo, with emphasis on medically-relevant venomous species. Heliyon, e33583 - get paper here
  • Mármol, Gabriel Martínez del; Ander Izagirre-Egaña, Sonke Frahm & Marco Sassoè 2023. Herpetofauna of Mauritania: results of a field survey. Bol. Asoc. Herpetol. Esp. (2023) 34 Preprint-101 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • MEGANTARA, E. N., JAUHAN, J., SHANIDA, S. S., HUSODO, T., FAUZI, D. A., HENDRAWAN, R., WULANDARI, I. & YUANSAH, Y. 2022. Herpetofauna distribution in different land cover types of West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23(6) - get paper here
  • Menzies, J.I. 1966. The snakes of Sierra Leone. Copeia 1966 (2): 169-179. - get paper here
  • Merrem, B. 1820. Versuch eines Systems der Amphibien I (Tentamen Systematis Amphibiorum). J. C. Kriegeri, Marburg, 191 pp. - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1938. Über eine herpetologische Sammlung aus dem Gebiete des Njarasa-Grabens Ost-Afrikas. Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Kolonial- und Übersee-Museum in Bremen 2 (1): 1-9 [no page numbers]
  • Meyer, J.A. 2004. Erfolgreiche Nachzucht von Bitis arietans (MERREM 1820). Elaphe 12 (3): 18
  • Miguel, A. R., Kaiser, H., Vargas, N. D., & Borges-Martins, M. 2024. Diversity and natural history of reptiles from coastal environments in Gilé National Park, northern Mozambique. Herpetology Notes, 17, 173-199
  • Miller, A.K., B. Maritz, S. McKay, X. Glaudas, and G.J. Alexander 2015. An ambusher’s arsenal: chemical crypsis in the puff adder (Bitis arietans). Proceedings of the Royal Society B 282:20152182 - get paper here
  • Nagy, Z. T., D. Adriaens, E. Pauwels, L. Van Hoorebeke, J. Kielgast, C. Kusamba & K. Jackson 2013. 3D reconstruction of fang replacement in the venomous snakes Dendroaspis jamesoni (Elapidae) and Bitis arietans (Viperidae). Salamandra 49 (2): 109-113 - get paper here
  • Nneji, Lotanna Micah; Adeniyi Charles Adeola, , Agboola Okeyoyin, Ojo Cornelius Oladipo, Yohanna Saidu, Dinatu Samuel, John Yinamga Usongo, Babatunde Emmanuel Adedeji, Olatunde Omotoso, Akindele OluwatosinAdeyi, ObihAlexUgwumba,andAdiahaAldaAlexUgwum 2019. Diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Gashaka Gumti National Park, Nigeria. Herpetology Notes 12: 543-559 - get paper here
  • OOSTHUIZEN, D. J. 2018. Bitis arietans arietans (Merrem, 1820). African Herp News (68): 56-59 - get paper here
  • Osman, H.E.S.I., & Sir, N.T.E. 1988. The snakes of the Sudan. 1. The snakes of Khartoum Province. The Snake 20 (1): 74-79.
  • Otis, V.S. 1973. Hemocytological and Serum Chemistry Parameters of the African Puff Adder, Bitis arietans Herpetologica 29 (2): 110-116. - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Padial, J. M. 2006. COMMENTED DISTRIBUTIONAL LIST OF THE REPTILES OF MAURITANIA (WEST AFRICA). Graellsia, 62(2): 159-178 - get paper here
  • Parker,H.W. 1949. The snakes of Somaliland and the Sokotra islands. Zoologische Verhandelingen 6: 1-115 - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O.S.G. & Vande Weghe, J.P. 2008. Les reptiles du Gabon. Smithsonian Institution, Washington: 272 pp. - get paper here
  • Pauwels, Olivier S. G.; Laila Bahaa-el-din , Jean-Louis Albert , Piero Carlino , Francesco Giannuzzi , Laurent Chirio , Jean-François Gillet , Eddy Poirier and Tariq Stévart 2018. Miscellanea Herpetologica Gabonica XIV. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society 53(9): 185-190 - get paper here
  • Perry, Gad 2022. The Black Mambas of the Balule Nature Reserve and Other Notes on the Limpopo Region of Southern Africa. REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS 29: 17–24
  • PETFORD, M.; R. VAN HUYSSTEEN & G. K. NICOLAU 2018. Bitis arietans arietans (Merrem, 1820). FORAGING STRATEGY. African Herp News (68): 41-43 - get paper here
  • Phelps, T. 2010. Old World Vipers. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 558 pp. [critical review in Sauria 33 (3): 19 and HR 43: 503]
  • Pietersen DW, Pietersen EW, Conradie W. 2017. Preliminary herpetological survey of Ngonye Falls and surrounding regions in south-western Zambia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 11(1) [Special Section]: 24–43 (e148 - get paper here
  • Pietersen, Darren W. Pietersen, Errol W. Haacke, Wulf D. 2013. First herpetological appraisal of the Parque Nacional de Banhine, Gaza Province, southern Mozambique. Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History 3: 153-163 - get paper here
  • Pietersen, Darren, Verburgt, Luke & Davies, John 2021. Snakes and other reptiles of Zambia and Malawi. Struik Nature / Penguin Random House South Africa, 376 pp., ISBN 9781775847373
  • Pitman,C.R.S. 1974. A guide to the snakes of Uganda. Codicote, Wheldon & Wesley, L., 290 pp.
  • Post, Yorick; Jens Puschhof, Joep Beumer, Harald M. Kerkkamp, Merijn A.G. de Bakker, Julien Slagboom, Buys de Barbanson, Nienke R. Wevers, Xandor M. Spijkers, Thomas Olivier,<br>Taline D. Kazandjian, Stuart Ainsworth, Carmen Lopez Iglesias, Willine J 2020. Snake Venom Gland Organoids. Cell 180, 233–247 - get paper here
  • Razzetti, E. & Msuya, C.A. 2002. Field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of Arusha National Park (Tanzania). Publ. Ed. Negri Istituto, Oikos, Varese, 84 pp.
  • Reeves, B., Brooke, C. F., Venter, J. A., & Conradie, W. 2022. The Reptiles and Amphibians of the Mpofu-Fort Fordyce Nature Reserve Complex in the Winterberg Mountains, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. African Journal of Wildlife Research, 52(1) - get paper here
  • Rice, S.E., E. Moustakas, R. Nava, X. Glaudas, G.J. Alexander, and R.W. Clark. 2017. Characterization of 11 cross-amplifying microsatellites in Bitis arietans (Merrem, 1820). Herpetology Notes 10:329–333 - get paper here
  • Robertson, I. A. D., B. M. Chapman and N. F. Chapman 1963. Notes on some reptiles collected in the Rukwa Valley, S. W. Tanganyika. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 13, 5(55): 421‑432 - get paper here
  • Rödel,M.O.; Kouadio,K, & Mahsberg,D. 1999. Die Schlangenfauna des Comoé-Nationalparks, Elfenbeinküste: Ergänzungen und Ausblick. Salamandra 35 (3): 165-180 - get paper here
  • Rosi, R. 1988. The breeding in captivity of the Puff adder, Bitis arietans (Merrem, 1820). Litteratura Serpentium 8 (3): 123-133 - get paper here
  • Rösler, Herbert and Wolfgang Wranik 2017. Untersuchungen und Beobachtungen zur Herpetofauna des Jemen. Jemen-Report Jg. 48 (1/2)
  • Sagredo, Chandra Alexander Krutwik 2013. Die Puffotter (Bitis arietans). Terraria-Elaphe 2013 (6): 34-42 - get paper here
  • SANTOS, B. S. .,MARQUES, M. P. ., BAUER, A. M. ., & CERÍACO, L. M. P. . 2021. Herpetological results of Francisco Newton’s Zoological Expedition to Angola (1903–1906): a taxonomic revision and new records of a forgotten collection. Zootaxa 5028 (1): 1–80 - get paper here
  • Schätti, B. & Gasperetti, J. 1994. A contribution to the herpetofauna of Southwest Arabia. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 14: 348-423
  • Schleich, H.H., Kästle,W., Kabisch, K. 1996. Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa. Koeltz, Koenigstein, 627 pp.
  • Schleicher, Alfred 2012. Terraglobal. Reptilien rund um Haus und Garten. Terraria-Elaphe 2012 (3): 38-39 - get paper here
  • Schleicher, Alfred 2015. Reptilien Namibias. Namibia Scientific  Society, 276 pp.
  • Schleicher, Alfred 2020. Reptiles of Namibia. Kuiseb Publishers, Windhoek, Namibia, 271 pp.
  • Schmidt, Dieter 2015. Ophiophagie bei Schlangen im Terrarium. Terraria-Elaphe 2015 (5): 72-73 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, K. P. 1923. Contributions to the herpetology of the Belgian Congo based on the collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909-1915. Part II. Snakes, with field notes by Herbert Lang and James P. Chapin. Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 49 (1): 1-146 - get paper here
  • Schönecker, P. 2014. Südafrika. Auf Reptiliensuche entlang der Garden Route. Reptilia (Münster) 19 (105): 80-93
  • Segniagbeto GLazcano. H., Trape J. F., David P., Ohler A., Dubois A. & Glitho I. A. 2011. The snake fauna of Togo: systematics, distribution and biogeography, with remarks on selected taxonomic problems. Zoosystema 33 (3): 325-360. DOI: 10.5252/z2011n3a4 - get paper here
  • Segniagbeto, G.H.; Dekawole, J.K.; Ketoh, G.K.; Dendi, D.; Luiselli, L. 2022. Herpetofaunal Diversity in a Dahomey Gap Savannah of Togo (West Africa): Effects of Seasons on the Populations of Amphibians and Reptiles. Diversity 14: 964
  • Sindaco, R.; Alberto Venchi & Cristina Grieco 2013. The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic, Volume 2: Annotated Checklist and Distributional Atlas of the Snakes of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, with an Update to Volume 1. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy), 543 pp. - get paper here
  • Sindaco, Roberto; Riccardo Nincheri, Benedetto Lanza 2014. Catalogue of Arabian reptiles in the collections of the “La Specola” Museum, Florence. Scripta Herpetologica. Studies on Amphibians and Reptiles in honour of Benedetto Lanza: pp. 137-164 - get paper here
  • Spawls, S.; Howell, K.; Drewes, R.C. & Ashe, J. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, 543 pp. [reviews in HR 34: 396 and Afr. J. Herp. 51; 147] - get paper here
  • Spawls, Stephen; Tomáš Mazuch & Abubakr Mohammad 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of North-east Africa. Bloomsbury, 640 pp. - get paper here
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Sternfeld, R. 1910. Zur Schlangenfauna Deutsch-Südwestafrikas. Mehrere Fälle von Mimikry bei afrikanischen Schlangen. Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, 5: 51-60 - get paper here
  • Šmíd, Jiří;, & Krystal A. Tolley 2019. Calibrating the tree of vipers under the fossilized birth-death model. Scientific Reports 9:5510 - get paper here
  • Thieme, U. 2004. Herpetologische Beobachtungen und anderes aus Gambia. Reptilia (Münster) 9 (49): 43-48 [erratum in 9 (6): 17] - get paper here
  • Tolley KA, Telford NS, Makhubo BG, Power RJ, Alexander GJ 2023. Filling the gap: Noteworthy herpetological discoveries in North West Province, South Africa. Zoosystematics and Evolution 99(1): 101-116 - get paper here
  • Trape J-F and Mané Y. 2015. The snakes of Niger. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 9(2) [Special Section]: 39–55 (e110) - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • Trape, J.-F. & Mané, Y. 2004. Les serpents des environs de Bandafassi (Sénégal oriental). Bull. Soc. Herp. France 109: 5-34 - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. & Mané, Y. 2006. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale. Savane et désert. [Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger]. IRD Editions, Paris, 226 pp. - get paper here
  • Trape, J.F. & R. ROUX-ESTÈVE 1995. Les serpents du Congo: liste commentée et clé de détermination. Journal of African Zoology 109 (1): 31-50
  • TRAPE, Jean-François & Marcel COLLET 2021. Nouvelles données sur les serpents du sud-est du Katanga (République démocratique du Congo). Bull. Soc. Herp. Fr. (2021) 179 | 11-26 - get paper here
  • TRAPE, JEAN-FRANÇOIS & CELLOU BALDÉ 2014. A checklist of the snake fauna of Guinea, with taxonomic changes in the genera Philothamnus and Dipsadoboa (Colubridae) and a comparison with the snake fauna of some other West African countries. Zootaxa 3900 (3): 301–338 - get paper here
  • Trape, Jean-François; Israël Demba Kodindo, Ali Sougoudi Djiddi, Joseph Mad-Toïngué & Clément Hinzoumbé Kerah 2020. The snakes of Chad: results of a field survey and annotated country-wide checklist. Bonn zoological Bulletin 69 (2): 367–393 - get paper here
  • Trape, Jean-François; Mané, Youssouph 2000. Les serpents des environs de Dielmo (Sine-Saloum, Sénégal). Bull. Soc. Herp. France 95: 19-35 - get paper here
  • Trape, Jean-François & Youssouph Mané 2017. The snakes of Mali. Bonn zoological Bulletin 66 (2): 107–133 - get paper here
  • Ullenbruch, K.; Grell, O.; Böhme, W. 2010. Reptiles from southern Benin, West Africa, with the description of a new Hemidactylus (Gekkonidae), and a country-wide checklist. Bonn Zool. Bull. 57 (1): 31-54 - get paper here
  • van der Kooij, Jeroen 2001. The herpetofauna of the Sultanate of Oman: Part 4: The terrestrial snakes. Podarcis 2 (2): 54-65 - get paper here
  • Venchi, Alberto and Roberto Sindaco 2006. Annotated checklist of the reptiles of the Mediterranean countries, with keys to species identification. Part 2 -Snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes). Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "G. Doria", Genova, XCVIII: 259-364
  • Venter, Jan A.; Werner Conradie 2015. A checklist of the reptiles and amphibians found in protected areas along the South African Wild Coast, with notes on conservation implications. Koedoe 57 (1): 1-25. doi: 10.4102/koedoe.v57i1.1247 - get paper here
  • Wachtel, Eric 2019. Marokko: Auf Schlangensuche im Nordwesten Afrikas. Ophidia 13 (1): 3-17
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Weima, André 2015. Picture: 1.0 Bitis arietans Windhoek, Namibia. Adult size ± 70-80 cm. Litteratura Serpentium 35 (2): 110 - get paper here
  • Willemse, G.T. & J. Hattingh 1980. Effect of Drying and Storage on Electrophoretic Properties of Venom from Puff Adders (Bitis arietans) and Cape Cobras (Naja nivea) Herpetologica 36 (2): 170-174. - get paper here
  • WITBERG, M. 2012. The herpetofauna of Schaapen Island, Langebaan, South Africa. African Herp News (56): 11-16 - get paper here
  • Wittenberg, Rod D. & Robert C. Jadin & Allyson M. Fenwick & Ronald L. Gutberlet Jr. 2014. Recovering the evolutionary history of Africa’s most diverse viper genus: morphological and molecular phylogeny of Bitis (Reptilia: Squamata: Viperidae). Org Divers Evol, DOI 10.1007/s13127-014-0185-3
  • Young, B., J. Jaggers, N. Nejman & N.J. Kley 2001. Buccal Expansion during Hissing in the Puff Adder, Bitis arietans Copeia 2001 (1): 270-273. - get paper here
  • Zeeb, Sven 2012. Die Wirkung von Schlangengiften auf die Blutgerinnung und ihre Nutzung in der medizinischen Therapie und Diagnostik. Draco 13 (51): 58-66 - get paper here
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:

As link to this species use URL address:

https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Bitis&species=arietans

without field 'search_param'. Field 'search_param' is used for browsing search result.



Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator