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Bothrocophias hyoprora (AMARAL, 1935)

IUCN Red List - Bothrocophias hyoprora - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Hognose Lancehead
Portuguese: Cuiama-Nariguda, Focinho-de-Porco, Jararaca, Jararaca-Bico-de-Folha, Jararaca-Bicuda, Jararaca-de-Focinho-Levantado, Jararaca-Nariguda 
SynonymBothrops hyopora AMARAL 1935
Bothrops hyoporus — AMARAL 1935
Bothrops hyoprora AMARAL 1937: 1766
Bothrops hyopora — PETERS et al. 1970: 46
Porthidium hyoprora — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 1989: 317
Porthidium hyoprora — WELCH 1994: 101
Bothrops hyoprora — MCDIARMID et al. 1999
Bothrops pessoai PRADO 1939
Bothrops hyoprorus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 261
Bothrocophias hyoprora — GUTBERLET & CAMPBELL 2001
Bothrops hyoprora — MONZEL & WÜSTER 2008
Bothrocophias hyoprora — CARRASCO et al. 2012
Bothrocophias hyoprora — WALLACH et al. 2014: 113
Bothrocophias hyoprora — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionE Ecuador, S Colombia, NW Brazil (Amazonas, Rondonia, Pará, Acre), NE Peru, NE Bolivia

Type locality: La Padrera, Colombia.  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
TypesHolotype: IBSP (= IB) 9199, male 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 6519 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Type species: Bothrops hyopora AMARAL 1935 is the type species of the genus Bothrocophias GUTBERLET & CAMPBELL 2001. 
EtymologyNamed after Greek hyo, from hûs (ὗς), pig + Greek prorar (πρόπαρ), before, in front of. (Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024)

The genus was named after Greek bothros (βόθρος), pit, hole, trench + Greek cophias (κοφιας), snake, adder. 
References
  • Amaral, A. 1935. Estudos sobre ophídios neotropicos XXXIII. Novas especies de ophídios do Colombia. Mem. Inst. Butantan 9: 219-223 + 1 plate - get paper here
  • Amaral, A. D. 1954. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos ofidios neotropicos XXXVI. Redescricao da especie Bothrops hyoprora Amaral, 1935. Mem. Inst. Butantan 26: 221-225 - get paper here
  • Amaral,A. do 1937. New species of ophidians from Colombia. Compte Rendu 12th Congress Internat. Zool., Lisbon 3 [139 (141)]: 1762-1767 [1935]
  • Arteaga, A.; Bustamante, L.; Vieira, J. 2024. Reptiles of Ecuador. Khamai Foundation & Tropical Herping, 1073 pp. - get paper here
  • Bernal, R. 2025. Serpientes de Colombia-Guía de Campo. Serie de Guías Tropicales de Campo. 19: 396 pp. Conservación Internacional Colombia, Bogotá - get paper here
  • BERNARDE, P.S., ALBUQUERQUE, S., BARROS, T.O. & TURCI, L.C.B. 2012. Serpentes do Estado de Rondônia, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 12 (3): 1-29 - get paper here
  • Bernarde, P.S.; E.S. Amaral; M.A.D. Vale. 2011. Squamata, Serpentes, Viperidae, Bothrocophias hyoprora (Amaral, 1935): Distribution extension in the state of Acre, northern Brazil. Check List 7 (6): 813-814 - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • Carrasco, P.A., C.I. Mattoni, G.C. Leynaud, and G.J. Scrocchi. 2012. Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of South American bothropoid pitvipers (Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologica Scripta 41: 109-124 - get paper here
  • Cisneros-Heredia, Diego F., Maria Olga Borja, Proaño and Jean Marc Touzet. 2006. Distribution and natural history of the Ecuadorian Toad-headed Pitvipers of the genus Bothrocophias. Herpetozoa 19 (1/2):17-26. - get paper here
  • De Carvalho, Vinícius T., Rafael de Fraga, Eduardo S. Eler, Ricardo A. Kawashita-Ribeiro, Eliana Feldberg, Richard C. Vogt, Marcos A. De Carvalho, Janaina da C. De Noronha, Luis Henrique Condrati and Shanna Bittencourt. 2013. Toad-headed pitviper Bothrocophias hyoprora (Amaral, 1935) (Serpentes, Viperidae): New records of geographic range in Brazil, hemipenial morphology, and chromosomal characterization. Herpetological Review 44 (3): 410-414 - get paper here
  • Diaz-Ricaurte, J., Serrano, F., Camacho, A., Nogueira, C., Travaglia-Cardoso, S. and Martins, M. 2024. On the Brink of Change? Environmental Drivers of Voluntary Thermal Maximum in South American Pitvipers. J Biogeogr 52: 66-79 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Gutberlet, R.L. & Campbell, J.A. 2001. Generic recognition for a neglected lineage of South American pitvipers (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of a new species from the Colombian Chocó. American Museum Novitates (3316): 1-15 - get paper here
  • Jansen, Martin 2008. Die Lanzenottern der Gattung Bothrops in Bolivien. Draco 8 (33): 50-56 - get paper here
  • Jungfer, K.H. 2006. Diversität der Amphibienfauna des oberen Amazonas. Elaphe 14 (4): 40-44
  • Lima Moraes, L. J. C. de, do Nascimento Rainha, R., de Pinho Werneck, F., de Souza Oliveira, A. F., Gascon, C., & de Carvalho, V. T. 2022. Amphibians and reptiles from a protected area in western Brazilian Amazonia (Reserva Extrativista do Baixo Juruá). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 62, e202262054-e202262054 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Mendes-Pinto, T. J. & S. Marques de Souza 2011. Preliminary assessment of amphibians and reptiles from Floresta Nacional do Trairão, with a new snake record for the Pará state, Brazilian Amazon. Salamandra 47 (4): 199-206 - get paper here
  • MENDES-PINTO, TELÊMACO JASON; Mestrando, BERNHARD, RAFAEL, VOGT, RICHARD; PEDRETT, RONNEZZA CÉLLIA LOBATO CAMPOS;GARCIA, RAUBER SANTOS 2011. A COLLECTION OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH OF THE AMAZON. Rev. Colombiana cienc. Anim. 3(2): 238 - get paper here
  • Metcalf, M. F., Guedouar, E., Davis, L., Rodriguez, A., Marsh, A., Pacaya, E. T., ... & Gunnels IV, C. W. 2023. Herpetofauna of Madre Selva Biological Station in Loreto, Peru. Herpetology Notes, 16, 727-740 - get paper here
  • Monzel, Markus & Wolfgang Wüster 2008. Neotropische Grubenottern – Evolution, Biogeographie und Ökologie. Draco 8 (33): 4-27 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Oliveira LS, Araújo IS, Prudente ALC, Fraga R, Almeida AP, Ascenso AC. 2018. New distributional records of the Toad-headed Pitviper Bothrocophias hyoprora (Amaral, 1935) in Brazil. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 12(1) [General Section]: 1–4 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Parkinson,C.L. 1999. Molecular systematics and biogeographical history of pitvipers as determined by mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. Copeia 1999 (3): 576-586 - get paper here
  • Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp.
  • Peters , J. A. 1960. The snakes of Ecuador; check list and key. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 122: 489-541 - get paper here
  • Prado, A. 1939. Notas ofiológicas 1. Sobre as serpentes do grupo Bothrops lansbergii, com a descrição de uma nova especie. Mem. Inst. Butantan 12: 1-3 + 1 plate [1938/39] - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Valencia, J. H., K. Garzón-Tello & M. E. Barragán-Paladines 2016. Serpientes venenosas del Ecuador: sistemática, taxonomía, historia natural, conservación, envenenamiento y aspectos antropológicos. Quito, Ecuador, Fundación Herpetológica Gustavo Orcés, Universidad de Texas, Fondo Ambiental Nacional, 652 pp. [review in HR 49 (1): 152, 2018]
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Whithworth, A. & Beirne, C. 2011. Reptiles of the Yachana Reserve. Global Vision International, 130 pp. - get paper here
 
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