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Bothrops bilineatus (WIED-NEUWIED, 1821)

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesBothrops bilineatus bilineatus (WIED 1821)
Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus HOGE 1966 
Common NamesE: Green Jararaca
G: Grüne Jararaca
E: Two-striped forest-pitviper
[smaragdinus]
Portuguese: Bico-de-Papagaio, Cobra-Papagaio, Igbigracuã, Jararaca, Jararaca-Pinta-de-Ouro, Jararaca-Verde, Oricana, Ouricana, Papagaia, Paraamboia, Paramboia, Patioba, Periquitamboia, Pindoba, Pinta-de-Ouro, Surucucu-de-Ouricana, Surucucu-de-Patioba, Surucucu-de-Pindoba, Surucucu-Pinta-de-Ouro, Uriçana 
SynonymCophias bilineatus WIED-NEUWIED 1821: 339
Cophias bilineatus — WIED 1825: 483
Bothrops bilineatus — DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 1514
Bothrops bilineatus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 44
Bothriopsis bilineatus — MEHRTENS 1987: 381
Bothriopsis bilineata — WELCH 1994
Bothrops bilineatus — SALOMÃO et al. 1997
Bothriopsis taeniata — PARKINSON 1999
Bothriopsis bilineata — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 248
Bothriopsis bilineata — LEHR 2002: 102
Bothrops bilineatus — FEIO & CARAMASCHI 2003
Bothrops bilineatus — STARACE 1998: 381
Bothrops bilineatus — CLAESSEN 2006
Bothriopsis bilineata — FENWICK et al. 2009
Bothrops bilineata — CARRASCO et al. 2012
Bothriopsis bilineata — WALLACH et al. 2014: 109

Bothrops bilineatus bilineatus (WIED 1821)
Cophias bilineatus WIED-NEUWIED 1821
Cophias bilineatus WIED 1825
Lachesis bilineatus DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854
Trigonocephalus (Bothrops) arboreus COPE 1870: 157
Bothrops bilineatus bilineatus — HOGE 1966: 114
Bothrops bilineatus bilineatus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 44
Bothrops bilineatus bilineatus — GASC & RODRIGUES 1980
Bothriopsis bilineata bilineata — WELCH 1994: 31
Bothrops bilineatus bilineatus — KORNACKER 1999
Bothrops bilineatus bilineatus — CARRASCO et al. 2012

Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus HOGE 1966
Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus HOGE 1966: 114
Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 45
Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus — DUELLMAN 1978: 264
Bothriopsis bilineata smaragdina — WELCH 1994: 31
Bothriopsis bilineatus smaragdinus — TOUZET 1997
Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus — KORNACKER 1999
Bothriopsis bilineata smaragdina — HARVEY 2005: 4
Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus — MONZEL & WÜSTER 2008
Bothriopsis bilineata smaragdina — WHITHWORTH & BEIRNE 2011
Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus — CARRASCO et al. 2012
Bothriopsis bilineata smaragdina — SWITAK 2014 
DistributionBrazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Espírito Santo, etc.), S/SE Venezuela, S Colombia, E Ecuador (Amazonian areas), N Bolivia, E/NE Peru (Pasco etc.), Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana

bilineata: Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guyana and Brazil (Maranhão, Pará, Amapá, Roraima, from Bahia to Rio de Janeiro states); Type locality: Marobá, Rio Peruhype, Estado da Bahia, Brazil.

smaragdina: Amazonian forests of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, S Venezuela, Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Rondonia); Type locality: Upper Rio Perús [Purus], Estado Amazonas, Brazil

arboreus: Type locality: Brazil, nr. Bahia;  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesType: Unlocated (McDiarmid et al. 1999)
Holotype: ANSP 7014 [arboreus]
Holotype: IBSP (also as IB = Instituto Butantan) 14731 [smaragdinus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (smaragdina): Bothriopsis bilineata smaragdina is distinguished from all congeners and from species of Bothrocophias and Bothrops by the following combination of characters: (1) lacunolabial present; (2) dorsal keels nontuberculate; (3) infralabials and gulars pigmented to varying degrees but lacking regular series of cream round or C-shaped marks; (4) canthorostrals absent; (5) most subcaudals divided; (6) ventrals 192–220 and subcaudals 55–76 (Campbell and Lamar 1989); (7) loreal subtriangular, higher than long; (8) canthals broad and separated by 2–5 scales; (9) internasals in contact; (10) postocular stripe poorly defined or absent; (11) dorsum pastel green, finely peppered with black; dorsal bands absent; broken yellow paraventral stripe extending length of body (Harvey 2005: 4).


Additional details (48 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Synonymy partly after PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970.

Type: location unknown fide PETERS 1960.

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin bilinetus, having two lines. (Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
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