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Bothrops sazimai BARBO, GASPARINI, ALMEIDA, ZAHER, GRAZZIOTIN, GUSMÃO, FERRARINI & SAWAYA, 2016

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Franceses island-Lancehead 
SynonymBothrops sazimai BARBO, GASPARINI, ALMEIDA, ZAHER, GRAZZIOTIN, GUSMÃO, FERRARINI & SAWAYA 2016
Bothrops sazimai — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionBrazil (Espírito Santo: Ilha dos Franceses)

Type locality: Ilha dos Franceses (20°55'36"S, 40°45'15"W), municipality of Itapemirim, Itaoca beach, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype: MZUSP 22228, An adult male, collected by Barbo et al. on May 14, 2013 (Figs. 2–3). Paratypes. Fourteen specimens: IBSP 86673 (female), IBSP 86674–75 (males), MBML 3319 (male with hemipenis prepared), MBML 3320–21 (females), MBML 3322 (male), MBML 3323 (female), MZUSP 22229 (male), MZUSP 22230 (female), MZUSP 22231 (male), MZUSP 22232 (female), ZUEC 3383 (male), ZUEC 3883, 3384 (female). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Bothrops sazimai is distinguished from other species of B. jararaca group by the following combination of characters: (1) larger eyes; (2) shorter and higher head; (3) slender body; (4) relative longer tail; (5) dorsum predominantly grayish and/or brownish; (6) venter creamish white, speckled in gray; (7) postorbital stripes with the same color of lateral saddles; (8) usually two postoculars; (9) 22–25 interictals; (10) 20–24 anterior dorsals; (11) 20–23 midbody dorsals; (12) 198–214 ventrals in females, 193–206 in males; (13) 54–65 subcaudals in females, 62–70 in males.
Bothrops sazimai differs from the mainland populations of B. jararaca by its smaller adult size (SVL), relative longer tail (RTL), slender body, and larger eyes (Fig. 1; Table 1). The new species can be easily distinguished from the other three species of the B. jararaca group (B. alcatraz, B. insularis, and B. otavioi) by a higher number of ventrals and subcaudals (Table 1). B. sazimai differs from B. insularis by its grayish or brownish ground color pattern, smaller length of adults, relative smaller head, and relative smaller tail. The new species is also distinguished from B. alcatraz and B. otavioi, by its larger adult size, presence of conspicuous yellowish tail tip in juveniles, and additionally from the latter species by the presence of two postoculars and higher number of intersupraocular scales (Table 1).
 
CommentDiet: lizards (Gymnodactylus darwinii and Hemidactylus mabouia, n = 14), centipedes Scolopendromorpha (n = 6), and a conspecific snake (n = 1).

Distribution: see map in Barbo et al. 2022: 149 (Fig. 1). 
EtymologyThe specific epithet sazimai represents a patronymic name dedicated to the friend and professor Ivan Sazima, for his invaluable contribution to the study of natural history and conservation of Brazilian fauna, and for his inspiring and pioneering field studies on Bothrops jararaca. Professor Ivan advised and mentored various generations of students and researchers that presently work with diverse systems and organisms, including snakes, amphibians, fishes, mammals, birds, and plants. He published hundreds of scientific contributions, among articles, book chapters, and educational texts. 
References
  • BARBO, FAUSTO E.; JOÃO LUIZ GASPARINI, ANTONIO P. ALMEIDA, HUSSAM ZAHER, FELIPE G. GRAZZIOTIN, RODRIGO B. GUSMÃO, JOSÉ MÁRIO G. FERRARINI & RICARDO J. SAWAYA 2016. Another new and threatened species of lancehead genus Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae) from Ilha dos Franceses, Southeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4097 (4): 511–529 [erratum in Zootaxa 4105 (5): 500] - get paper here
  • Barbo, Fausto E.; Felipe G. Grazziotin, Gentil A. Pereira-Filho, Marco A. Freitas, Stephenson H.F. Abrantes, and Marcelo N. de C. Kokubum. 2022. Isolated by dry lands: integrative analyses unveil the existence of a new species and a previously unknown evolutionary lineage of Brazilian Lanceheads (Serpentes: Viperidae: Bothrops) from a Caatinga moist-forest enclave. Canadian Journal of Zoology 100 (2): 147-159 - get paper here
  • Barbo, Fausto E.; William W. Booker, Marcelo R. Duarte, Betina Chaluppe, José A. Portes-Junior, Francisco L. Franco and Felipe G. Grazziotin 2022. Speciation Process on Brazilian Continental Islands, with the Description of A New Insular Lancehead of the Genus Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae). Systematics and Biodiversity 20 (1): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • OLIVEIRA-DALLAND, LUIS G.; LAURA R.V. ALENCAR, LEANDRO R. TAMBOSI, PAOLA A. CARRASCO, RHETT M. RAUTSAW, JESUS SIGALA-RODRIGUEZ, GUSTAVO SCROCCHI & MARCIO MARTINS. 2022. Conservation gaps for Neotropical vipers: Mismatches between protected areas, species richness and evolutionary distinctiveness. Biological Conservation 275(109750). - get paper here
  • Sawaya, Ricardo J.; Fausto E. Barbo, Felipe G. Grazziotin, Otavio A. V. Marques, and Marcio Martins 2023. Lanceheads in Land-Bridge Islands of Brazil: Repeated and Parallel Evolution of Dwarf Pitvipers. In: Lillywhite & Martins, eds., Islands and snakes, vol. II. Oxford University Press, p. 67 ff - get paper here
 
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