You are here » home search results Bothrops atrox

Bothrops atrox (LINNAEUS, 1758)

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Bothrops atrox?

Add your own observation of
Bothrops atrox »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Barba Amarilla, Fer-de-Lance, common lancehead
G: Caicaca, Gewöhnliche Lanzenotter
NL: Gewone lanspuntslang
Portuguese: Acuambóia, Boca-Podre, Cambéua, Caiçaca, Caiçara, Comboia, Cuamboia, Japoboia, Jaracuçu, Jararaca, Jararaca-Açu, Jararaca-da-Amazônia, Jararaca-do-Amazonas, Jararaca-do-Norte, Jararaca-do-Rabo-Branco, Jararaca-Grão-de-Arroz, Jararacarana, Mapanare, Surucucu, Surucucu-da-Várzea, Surucucu-do-Barranco, Surucucurana
S: Mapanare; Macagua; Guayacán; Talla X; Cuatro narices; Rabo amarillo 
SynonymColuber atrox LINNAEUS 1758: 222
Coluber lanceolatus LACÉPÈDE 1789
Bothrops furia WAGLER 1824: 52
Bothrops sabinii GRAY 1842: 47
Bothrops subscutatus GRAY 1842: 47
Trigonocephalus colombiensis HALLOWELL 1845: 246
Bothrops affinis GRAY 1849: 7
Bothrops atrox — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 1507
Craspedocephalus atrox — WUCHERER 1863: 242
Bothrops asper GARMAN 1883
Lachesis lanceolatus — BOULENGER 1896
Bothrops lanceolatus — GARCIA 1896: 22
Trigonocephalus asper GARMAN 1883 (fide SCHÄTTI & KRAMER 1993)
Lachesis atrox — QUELCH 1899
Bothrops neuvoiedii venezuelenzi BRICEÑO 1934: 46
Trimeresurus atrox — POPE 1955
Bothrops atrox — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 44
Bothrops isabelae SANDNER MONTILLA 1979
Bothrops atrox — GASC & RODRIGUES 1980
Bothrops lanceolatus aidae SANDNER MONTILLA 1981
Bothrops lanceolatus nacaritae — SANDNER MONTILLA 1981
Bothrops lanceolatus nacaritae — SANDNER MONTILLA 1982
Bothrops atrox aidae VANZOLINI 1986
Bothrops lanceolatus nacaritae SANDNER MONTILLA 1990
Bothrops atrox — WELCH 1994: 31
Bothrops isabelae — KORNACKER 1999: 169
Bothrops atrox — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 256
Bothrops atrox — MONZEL & WÜSTER 2008
Bothrops isabelae — MONZEL & WÜSTER 2008
Bothrops isabelae — FENWICK et al. 2009
Bothrops atrox — FENWICK et al. 2009
Bothrops atrox — CARRASCO et al. 2012
Bothrops atrox — WALLACH et al. 2014: 116
Bothrops isabelae — WALLACH et al. 2014: 117
Bothrops atrox — NATERA-MUMAW et al. 2015: 244
Bothrops colombiensis — NATERA-MUMAW et al. 2015: 246
Bothrops isabelae — NATERA-MUMAW et al. 2015: 247
Bothrops colombiensis —SEÑARIS et al. 2018: 302
Bothrops atrox — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionGuyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Venezuela, Brazil (Pará, Acre, Amazonas etc.), Colombia, E Ecuador, NE/E Peru, N Bolivia (Beni), Trinidad

Type locality: “Asia” (in error); true locality unknown fide PETERS 1960.

colombiensis (invalid): N Venezuela; Type locality: Republic of Colombia, within 200 miles of Caracas.

aidae (invalid): Venezuela; Type locality: “Selvas de Guatopo, Estado Miranda”

isabelae (invalid): Venezuela; Type locality: "siete kilometros al SE. de Guanare, Estado Portuguesa, a pocos metros de la carretera que va de Guanare a Guanarito '" a 182 mts. sobre el nivel del mar" [= 7 km southeast of Guanare, Estado Portuguesa, Venezuela, elevation 182 m.].

nacaritae (invalid): Venezuela; Type locality: “Cariprima, N. de Valencia"  
Reproductionovovivparous; facultative parthenogenesis (Cubides-Cubillos et al. 2020) 
TypesSyntypes: NRM (NHRM) 100-101, was "Mus. Ad. Fr.".
Syntypes (2): ANSP 6974 and ANSP 6975 [colombiensis]
Holotype: "Live specimen in the Serpentario del Instituto Venezolano de Ofidiologia, Caracas, 15-61979." [isabelae]
Holotype: ZSM, uncatalogued specimen(s) (lost) [furia] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: With the possible exception of a few problematic species of the Bothrops atrox complex (see Remarks), B. atrox is distinguished from all congeners and from species of Bothrocophias and Bothriopsis by the following combination of characters: (1) lacunolabial present; (2) dorsal keels nontuberculate; (3) infralabials and gulars pigmented to varying degrees but lacking regular series of cream round to C-shaped marks; (4) canthorostrals absent; (5) subcaudals divided; (6) ventrals 182–200 and subcaudals 54–72 [Campbell and Lamar 1989 report 169–212 ventrals and 47–86 based on literature records from across the range of the species complex. Their wider ranges are based on published accounts that may not apply to the species occurring in Bolivia. Our definition is based on specimens we examined]; (7) loreal subtriangular, higher than long; (8) canthals narrow and separated by 3–7 scales; (9) internasals usually in contact, separated by one scale in 22% of the sample; (10) postocular stripe distinct and brown; two temporals high; (11) dorsum brown, pattern of subtriangular blotches or French telephone-shaped marks; venter uniformly and heavily speckled (populations on Andean slopes) or with alternating cream and charcoal, square blotches (Harvey 2005: 16).


Additional details (2012 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Synonymy: Synonymy partly after PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970. Sandner-Montilla (1979a) synonymised B. colombiensis with B. lanceolatus. Not listed as such by WELCH 1994 or mentioned by FENWICK et al. 2009. Listed as synonym of B. atrox by KORNACKER 1999 and McDiarmid et al. 1999. RIVAS et al. 2012 consider the populations from Valencia and Guatopo as B. asper rather than B. atrox, except the population from the cloud forest that is B. venezuelensis. RIVAS et al. 2012 consider B. colombiensis as synonym of B. atrox. B. atrox may include a number of other nominal species, especially B. colombiensis, B. isabelae, B. leucurus, B. marajoensis, B. moojeni, B. pradoi. In addition, B. atrox has often been confused with B. asper.

Bothrops isabelae has been synonymized with B. atrox by MARKEZICH & TAPHORN 1993 and other authors but used as a valid species by Salomão et al. (1999) and others. Placed in the synonymy of Bothrops atrox atrox by Golay et aI. 1993 and McDiarmid et al. 1999. In all analyses by Fenwick et al. (2009), B. isabelae falls together with B. atrox, with a seemingly low genetic distance. Nevertheless, Fenwick et al. (2009) included B. isabelae in their list of Bothrops species (therefore apparently recognizing it as a valid taxon). RIVAS et al. 2012 consider B. isabelae as synonym of B. atrox. See also McDIARMID et al. (1999) for discussion.

Distribution: STUART (1935) reported this species from Guatemala (probably in error). MARTIN (1958) listed it for Mexico (Tamaulipas). “Cariprima” is not found on any available map, but both Estado Miranda and Valencia are in the Coastal Range [RIVAS et al. 2012]. See map in Harvey 2005: 14 (Fig. 9). See map in Nogueira et al. 2019.

Illustrations: Penner (2001). Plate 111 (p. 414) in Stebbins & McGinnis (2012) shows a Crotalus scutulatus, not C. atrox. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin atrox = hideous, savage. 
References
  • Almeida, M Q; Sobral, R; Da Silva-Neto, A M; Mendes, D M M & Hidalgo, R M; 2019. Bothrops atrox (Common Lancehead) Predation. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 586 - get paper here
  • Avila-Pires, Teresa C.S.; Kleiton R. Alves-Silva, Laís Barbosa, Fabrício S. Correa, Jorge F. A. Cosenza, Ana Paula V. Costa-Rodrigues, Aurea A. Cronemberger, Marinus S. Hoogmoed, Geraldo R. Lima-Filho, Adriano O. Maciel, Alexandre F. R. Missassi, Lyw 2018. Changes in Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Over Time in Parque Estadual do Utinga, a Protected Area Surrounded by Urbanization. Herpetology Notes 11: 499-512 - get paper here
  • Barrio-Amorós, César L. & Brewer-Carias, Charles 2008. Herpetological results of the 2002 expedition to Sarisari–ama, a tepui in Venezuelan Guayana, with the description of five new species. Zootaxa 1942: 1-68 - get paper here
  • Beebe, William 1946. Field notes on the snakes of Kartabo, British Guiana, and Caripito, Venezuela. Zoologica 31: 11-52 - get paper here
  • BERNARDE, P.S., ALBUQUERQUE, S., BARROS, T.O. & TURCI, L.C.B. 2012. Serpentes do Estado de Rondônia, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 12 (3): 1-29 - get paper here
  • BERNARDE, Paulo Sérgio; Jáson de Oliveira GOMES 2012. Serpentes peçonhentas e ofidismo em Cruzeiro do Sul, Alto Juruá, Estado do Acre, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 42 (1): 65 - 72 - get paper here
  • Bernarde, Paulo Sérgio;, Reginaldo Assêncio Machado & Luiz Carlos Batista Turci 2011. Herpetofauna da área do Igarapé Esperança na Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Acre – Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11 (3): 117-144 - get paper here
  • Bernardo, PH.; R.A. Guerra-Fuentes; W.Matiazzi; H. Zaher 2012. Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Reserva Biológica do Tapirapé, Pará, Brazil. Check List 8(5):839-846 - get paper here
  • Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy & Aquiles Gutiérrez Zamora 2010. ASPECTOS ECOLÓGICOS DE LA HERPETOFAUNA DEL CENTRO EXPERIMENTAL AMAZÓNICO, PUTUMAYO, COLOMBIA ECOTRÓPICOS 23 (2): 61-78 - get paper here
  • Boos, H.E.A. 2001. The snakes of Trinidad and Tobago. Texas A&M University Press, 270 pp.
  • Briceno-Rossi, A.L. 1934. El problema del ofidismo en Venezuela. Bol. Min. Salubr. Agric. Cria, Venezuela, Caracas, 1: 1079-1177
  • Bueno Gavira, Rodrigo Samuel and Daniel Loebmann. 2011. Bothrops sp. (gr. atrox) (jararaca / lancehead) diet. Herpetological Review 42 (3): 436 - get paper here
  • c, Rafael de; William E. Magnusson, Carlos R. Abrahão, Tania Sanaiotti, and Albertina P. Lima 2013. Habitat Selection by Bothrops atrox (Serpentes: Viperidae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil. Copeia Dec 2013, Vol. 2013, No. 4: 684-690. - get paper here
  • Campbell, J.A. & Lamar, W.W. 1989. The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Comstock Publishing/Cornell University Press, Ithaca
  • CATENAZZI, A., LEHR, E. & VON MAY, R. 2013. The amphibians and reptiles of Manu National Park and its buffer zone, Amazon basin and eastern slopes of the Andes, Peru. Biota Neotropica 13 (4): 269-283
  • Claessen, H. 2006. De Slangen van de Guyana’s. Deel X. Lacerta 64 (3): 92-100 - get paper here
  • Cole, Charles J.; Carol R. Townsend, Robert P. Reynolds, Ross D. MacCulloch, and Amy Lathrop 2013. Amphibians and reptiles of Guyana, South America: illustrated keys, annotated species accounts, and a biogeographic synopsis. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 125 (4): 317-578; plates: 580-620 - get paper here
  • CÓRDOVA, EZEQUIEL I.; JAMES APARICIO & LUIS F. PACHECO. 2022. BOTHROPS ATROX (Lancehead). HABITAT USE. Herpetological Review 53 (1): 142–143.
  • Crnobrna B, Santa-Cruz Farfan R, Gallegos C, López-Rojas JJ, Llanqui IB, Pisco GP, Arbaiza AK 2023. Herpetological records from the Abujao basin, central Peruvian Amazon. Check List 19(4): 433-465 - get paper here
  • Cubides-Cubillos, S. D., Patané, J. S., da Silva, K. M. P., Almeida-Santos, S. M., Polydoro, D. S., Galassi, G. G., ... & Silva, M. J. D. J. 2020. Evidence of facultative parthenogenesis in three Neotropical pitviper species of the Bothrops atrox group. PeerJ 8, e10097 - get paper here
  • de Fraga, R., W.E. Magnusson, C.R. Abrahão, T. Sanaiotti & A.P. Lima 2013. Habitat Selection by Bothrops atrox (Serpentes: Viperidae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil Copeia 2013 (4): 684-690. - get paper here
  • Dehling, D. Matthias & J. Maximilian Dehling 2008. Die Rauschuppige Lanzenotter – Bothrops asper (Garman, 1884). Draco 8 (33): 28-34 - get paper here
  • Duellman, W. E. 1978. The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador. Misc. Publ. Univ. Kans. Mus. Nat. Hist. 65: 1-352 - get paper here
  • Duellman, W. E. 2005. Cusco Amazónico: The Lives of Amphibians and Reptiles in an Amazonian Rainforest. Comstock Pub Assoc.
  • Duellman, W.E., & Salas, A.W. 1991. Annotated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Cuzco Amazonico, Peru. Occas. Papers Mus. of Natur. Hist., Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence (143): 13 pp. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C., Bibron, G. & DUMÉRIL, A. H. A., 1854. Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Deuxième partie, comprenant l'histoire des serpents venimeux. Paris, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret: i-xii + 781-1536 - get paper here
  • Eversole, C. B., Powell, R. L., Rivas, L. R., & Lizarro, D. E. 2024. Reptile Biodiversity and Vulnerability in Bolivia’s Beni Department: Informing Conservation Priorities in a Neglected Frontier. Diversity, 16(6), 335 - get paper here
  • Farias, R E S; Rocha, A M & Viana, P F; 2019. Bothrops atrox (Common Lancehead) Habitat use. Herpetological Review 50 (3): 585-586 - get paper here
  • FENWICK, ALLYSON M.; RONALD L. GUTBERLET JR, JENNAFER A. EVANS, CHRISTOPHER L. PARKINSON 2009. Morphological and molecular evidence for phylogeny and classification of South American pitvipers, genera Bothrops, Bothriopsis, and Bothrocophias (Serpentes: Viperidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156 (3): 617-640 - get paper here
  • Ferrão, M., Soares-Filho, J.A.R. & Oliveira, M. 2012. Checklist of reptiles (Testudines, Squamata) from Alto Alegre dos Parecis, southwestern Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetology Notes, 5: 473-480 - get paper here
  • Ferreira, A. S. 2021. Rapid survey of the herpetofauna of Estação Ecológica Alto Maués: a rarely accessed area in the Brazilian Amazonia. Biota Amazônia 11(1): 22-28 - get paper here
  • Fonseca, Wirven Lima da; Julivaldo Dantas da Silva, Arthur Diesel Abegg, Conrado Mario da Rosa, Paulo Sergio Bernarde 2019. Herpetofauna of Porto Walter and surrounding areas, Southwest Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 12: 91-107 - get paper here
  • Fraga R de, Stow AJ, Magnusson WE, Lima AP 2014. The Costs of Evaluating Species Densities and Composition of Snakes to Assess Development Impacts in Amazonia. PLoS One 9 (8): e105453. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105453 - get paper here
  • Fraga, R., Lima, A. P., Prudente, A. L. C., & Magnusson, W. E. 2013. Guia de cobras da região de Manaus – Amazônia Central. Manaus: INPA - get paper here
  • França, R. C., França, F. G., Rödder, D., & Solé, M. 2022. Historical collection of snakes from Brazil by herpetologist and biogeographer Paul Müller (1940–2010), deposited at the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Germany. Bonn zoological Bulletin 71 (1): 41–49 - get paper here
  • Freitas, M. A. de, Venancio, N. M., Abegg, A. D., Azevedo, W. S, Pereira, V. O., Zanotti, A. P., Veloso, A., Schwarzbach, L., Oliveira, A. G., da Silva, R. C. C., de Amorim, V. R. G. and de Moura, G. J. B. 2020. Herpetofauna at the Rio Acre Ecological Station, Amazon Rainforest, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 13: 33-48. - get paper here
  • Fugler, Charles M. and A. Brad Walls. 1978. Snakes of the Upano Valley of Amazonian Ecuador. Journal of the Tennessee Academy of Science 53 (3): 81-87 - get paper here
  • Garcia,E. 1896. Los Ofidios Venenosos del Cauca. Métodos empíricos y racionales empleados contra los accidentes producidos por la mordedura de esos reptiles. Cali: Librería Colombiana, xv + 102 pp. - get paper here
  • Gasc & Rodrigues 1980. Liste preliminaire des Serpents de la Guyane francaise. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. Paris 2 (4): 559-598
  • Gibbs, H Lisle; Michael Sovic, Diana Amazonas, Hippocrates Chalkidis, David Salazar-Valenzuela, Ana M Moura-Da-Silva 2018. Recent lineage diversification in a venomous snake through dispersal across the Amazon River. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, blx158 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Gorzula, Stefan & Senaris, J. Celsa 1999. In: Contribution to the herpetofauna of the Venezuelan Guayana. I: a data base. Scientia Guaianae, Caracas, No. 8 [1998], 269+ pp.; ISBN 980-6020-48-0
  • Gray, J. E. 1842. Synopsis of the species of Rattle snakes, or Family of Crotalidae. Zoological Miscellany 2: 47- 51. - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1849. Catalogue of the specimens of snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Edward Newman, London, i-xv; 1-125. - get paper here
  • Hallowell, E. 1845. Descriptions of reptiles from South America, supposed to be new. Proc. Acad. nat. Sci. Philad., 2: 241-247 - get paper here
  • Harvey, M.B.; et al. 2005. Revision of the venomous snakes of Bolivia. II. The pitvipers (Serpentes: Viperidae). Annals of the Carnegie Museum 74 (1): 1-38. - get paper here
  • Hedges SB, Powell R, Henderson RW, Hanson S, and Murphy JC 2019. Definition of the Caribbean Islands biogeographic region, with checklist and recommendations for standardized common names of amphibians and reptiles. Caribbean Herpetology 67: 1–53
  • Hirth, H. F. 1964. Observations on the fer-de-lance, Bothrops atrox, in coastal Costa Rica. Copeia 1964 (2): 453-454 - get paper here
  • Hoogmoed M.S.; de Avila-Pires T C S 1991. Annotoated checklist of the herpetofauna of Petit Saut, Sinnamary River, French Guiana. Zoologische Mededelingen 65: 53-88 - get paper here
  • Jansen, Martin 2008. Die Lanzenottern der Gattung Bothrops in Bolivien. Draco 8 (33): 50-56 - get paper here
  • Johnson, Jerry D. & Dixon, James R. 1984. Taxonomic status of the Venezuelan Macagua, Bothrops colombiensis. Journal of Herpetology 18 (3): 329-332 - get paper here
  • Karina M.P. Silva, Kalena B. Silva, Leticia R. Sueiro, Maria Ermelinda E.S. Oliveira & Selma M. Almeida-Santos 2019. Reproductive Biology of Bothrops atrox (Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Herpetologica 75 (3): 198-207 - get paper here
  • Kornacker,P.M. 1999. Checklist and key to the snakes of Venezuela. PaKo-Verlag, Rheinbach, Germany, 270 pp.
  • Lehr, E. 2002. Amphibien und Reptilien in Peru. Natur und Tier-Verlag (Münster), 208 pp. - get paper here
  • Lehr, E. & Lara, J. 2002. Die Schlangenfauna von Pozuzo (Peru) (Reptilia: Serpentes). Faun. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 22 (2): 353-359 - get paper here
  • LIMA DA FONSECA, WIRVEN; RADRAQUE RODRIGUES CORREA, ANDESSON DE SOUZA OLIVEIRA, HENRIQUE BARTOLOMEU BRAZ, SELMA MARIA DE ALMEIDA-SANTOS & PAULO SÉRGIO BERNARDE. 2022. First report of male–male combat in free-ranging Amazonian Common Lanceheads (Bothrops atrox). Canadian Journal of Zoology 239–242. - get paper here
  • Lima Moraes, L. J. C. de, do Nascimento Rainha, R., de Pinho Werneck, F., de Souza Oliveira, A. F., Gascon, C., & de Carvalho, V. T. 2022. Amphibians and reptiles from a protected area in western Brazilian Amazonia (Reserva Extrativista do Baixo Juruá). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 62, e202262054-e202262054 - get paper here
  • Linnaeus, C. [= Linné, C. von] 1758. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ. 10th Edition: 824 pp. - get paper here
  • Manzani, Paulo Roberto;Arzabe, Cristina 1995. Bothrops atrox. Herpetological Review 26 (4): 209 - get paper here
  • Markezich, Alan L.; Taphorn, Donald C. 1993. A variational analysis of populations of Bothrops (Serpentes: Viperidae) from western Venezuela. Journal of Herpetology 27 (3): 248-254 - get paper here
  • Martin, Plul S. 1958. A biogeography of reptiles and amphibians in the Gomez Farias Region, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Miscellaneous publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (101): 1-102 + 7 plates - get paper here
  • Martins, M.; Gordo, M. 1993. Bothrops atrox. Herpetological Review 24: 151-152 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Medina-Rangel, Guido Fabian; Miguel Á. Méndez-Galeano &<br>Martha Lucía Calderón-Espinosa 2019. Herpetofauna of San José del Guaviare, Guaviare, Colombia Biota Colombiana 20 (1): 75-90 - get paper here
  • Melo-Sampaio, P.R. & Maciel, J.M.L. 2018. Bothrops atrox (Common Lancehead, Jararaca) Habitat use. Herpetological Review 49 (1): 124. - get paper here
  • Mendes-Pinto, T. J. & S. Marques de Souza 2011. Preliminary assessment of amphibians and reptiles from Floresta Nacional do Trairão, with a new snake record for the Pará state, Brazilian Amazon. Salamandra 47 (4): 199-206 - get paper here
  • MENDES-PINTO, TELÊMACO JASON; Mestrando, BERNHARD, RAFAEL, VOGT, RICHARD; PEDRETT, RONNEZZA CÉLLIA LOBATO CAMPOS;GARCIA, RAUBER SANTOS 2011. A COLLECTION OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH OF THE AMAZON. Rev. Colombiana cienc. Anim. 3(2): 238 - get paper here
  • Metcalf, M. F., Guedouar, E., Davis, L., Rodriguez, A., Marsh, A., Pacaya, E. T., ... & Gunnels IV, C. W. 2023. Herpetofauna of Madre Selva Biological Station in Loreto, Peru. Herpetology Notes, 16, 727-740
  • Miranda, Daniele Bazzo; Nathocley Mendes Venâncio, Saymon de Albuquerque 2014. Rapid survey of the herpetofauna in an area of forest management in eastern Acre, Brazil. Check List 10 (4): 893-899 - get paper here
  • Moldowan, P. D. 2016. Bothrops atrox (Common Lancehead) diet and fang replacment. Herpetological Review 47(3): 473-474. - get paper here
  • Monzel, Markus & Wolfgang Wüster 2008. Neotropische Grubenottern – Evolution, Biogeographie und Ökologie. Draco 8 (33): 4-27 - get paper here
  • Moraes LJCL, Almeida AP, Fraga R, Rojas RR, Pirani RM, Silva AAA, de Carvalho VT, Gordo M, Werneck FP 2017. Integrative overview of the herpetofauna from Serra da Mocidade, a granitic mountain range in Northern Brazil . ZooKeys 715: 103-159 - get paper here
  • Morato, S.A.A.; Calixto, P.O.; Mendes, L.R.; Gomes, R.; Galatti, U.; Trein, F.L.; Oliveira, F.S.; Ferreira, G.N. 2014. Guia fotográfico de identificação da herpetofauna da Floresta Nacional de Saracá-Taquera, Estado do Pará. Curitiba: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A.; 213 p. - get paper here
  • Morato, Sérgio Augusto Abrahão; Guilherme Nunes Ferreira; Michela Rossane Cavilha Scupino (eds.) 2018. Herpetofauna da Amazônia Central: Estudos na FLONA de Saracá-Taquera. Curitiba, Pr: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas, Pa: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A., 2018.<br>210p. - get paper here
  • Muñoz-Saba, Yaneth; Nathaly Calvo-Roa, Paul Andrés Gómez-Sandoval, Diego Casallas-Pabón John Douglas Lynch, Lucas S. Barrientos, Diego A. Gómez-Sánchez. 2019. Guía de campo de los mamíferos, anfibios y reptiles de Santa María (Boyacá, Colombia). Serie Guías de Campo del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales. N° 23. Bogotá D.C. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. 317 p - get paper here
  • Murphy, John C.; John C. Weber, Michael J. Jowers, and Robert C. Jadin 2023. Two Islands, Two Origins: The Snakes of Trinidad and Tobago. In: Lillywhite & Martins, eds., Islands and snakes, vol. II. Oxford University Press, p. 81 ff - get paper here
  • Natera-Mumaw, Marco; Luis Felipe Esqueda-González & Manuel Castelaín-Fernández 2015. Atlas Serpientes de Venezuela. Santiago de Chile, Dimacofi Negocios Avanzados S.A., 456 pp. - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • OLIVEIRA, ISMAEL B.; ANTONIEL F. PEREIRA, ARTUR A. CAMACHO, FRANCISCO F. XAVIER-FILHO & PATRIK F. VIANA. 2022. BOTHROPS ATROX (Amazonian Lancehead). FEEDING BEHAVIOR. Herpetological Review 53 (3): 505–506.
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Pedroso-Santos, Fillipe; Patrick Ribeiro Sanches, and Carlos Eduardo Costa-Campos, 2019. Anurans and reptiles of the Reserva Extrativista Beija-Flor Brilho de Fogo, Amapá state, eastern Amazon. Herpetology Notes 12: 799-807 - get paper here
  • Pedroza-Banda, Raúl; Jhon Jairo Ospina-Sarria, Teddy Angarita-Sierra, Marvin Anganoy-Criollo, John D. Lynch 2014. Estado de la fauna de anfibios y reptiles del Casanare Ciencias naturales Estado del conocimiento de la fauna de anfibios y reptiles del departamento de Casanare, Colombia. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 38 (146): 17-34 - get paper here
  • Penner, J. 2001. Der grösste Schlangenzoo Lateinamerikas - ein Praktikum im “World of Snakes” Grecia, Costa Rica. Elaphe 9 (4): 81-85
  • Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp.
  • Phelps, T. 1981. Poisonous Snakes. Bland Ford Press, viii + 237 pp.
  • Quelch, J.J. 1899. The poisonous snakes of British Guiana. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 3: 402-409 - get paper here
  • Quiñones-Betancourt, Esteban; Juan C. Díaz-Ricaurte, Teddy Angarita-Sierra, E. Caroline Guevara- Molina, Rolland D. Díaz-Morales 2018. Bothrops atrox (Linnaeus, 1758). Catálogo de Anfibios y Reptiles de Colombia 4 (3): 7-23 - get paper here
  • Rabosky, Daniel L.; Rudolf von May, Michael C. Grundler and Alison R. Davis Rabosky 2019. The Western Amazonian Richness Gradient for Squamate Reptiles: Are There Really Fewer Snakes and Lizards in Southwestern Amazonian Lowlands? Diversity 11: 199; doi:10.3390/d11100199 - get paper here
  • Rincón-Aranguri, M., Toro-Cardona, F. A., Galeano, S. P., Roa-Fuentes, L.. & Urbina-Cardona, N. 2023. Functional diversity of snakes is explained by the landscape composition at multiple areas of influence. Ecology and Evolution, 13, e10352 - get paper here
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
  • Rojas-Morales, Julián A.; Juan Felipe León-León, Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves 2021. A pregnant Common Lancehead, Bothrops atrox (Viperidae), from the Northern Andes of Colombia. Reptiles & Amphibians 28 (2): 316-317
  • Salomão, M.G., W. Wüster, R.S. Thorpe & BBBSP 1999. MtDNA phylogeny of Neotropical pitvipers of the genus Bothrops (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Kaupia (Darmstadt) (8): 127-134
  • Sandner-Montilla F 1979. Una nueva especie de genero Bothrops (Serpentes, Crotalidae, Bothropinae) de la region de Guanare, estado Portuguesa, Venezuela. MEMORIAS CIENTIFICA DE OFIDIOLOGIA (No. 4): 1-19
  • Sandner-Montilla, F. 1990. Serpientes Crotalinae de Venezuela Mem. Inst. Butantan 46: 193-194 - get paper here
  • Santos-Costa, Maria Cristina dos; Gleomar Fabiano Maschio, Ana Lúcia da Costa Prudente 2015. Natural history of snakes from Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, eastern Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 8: 69-98 - get paper here
  • Schätti B; Kramer E 1993. Ecuadorianische Grubenottern der Gattungen Bothriechis, Bothrops und Porthidium (Serpentes: Viperidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 100 (2): 235-278 - get paper here
  • Schmidt, Karl P. & Walker, Warren F. 1943. Peruvian snakes from the University of Arequipa. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Zoology 24 (26): 279-296 - get paper here
  • Sierra-Serrano, O. A., Castillo-Peñarredonda, C. J., & Jiménez-Bolaño, J. D. 2024. Xanthism in three wild snakes in Colombia. Reptiles & Amphibians, 31(1), e21531-e21531 - get paper here
  • Silva, F.M.; A.C. Menks; A.L.C. Prudente; J.C.L. Costa; A.E.M. Travassos; U. Galatti. 2011. Squamate Reptiles from municipality of Barcarena and surroundings, state of Pará, north of Brazil. Check List 7 (3): 220-226 - get paper here
  • Silva, Fernanda Magalhães da; Luciana Silvade Oliveira;Lywouty Reymondde Souza Nascimento; Fabio Andrade Machado; Ana Lúciada Costa Prudente 2017. Sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic changes of Amazonian pit vipers (Bothrops atrox). Zoologischer Anzeiger 271: 15–24 - get paper here
  • Silva, K.M.P., K.B. Silva, L.R. Sueiro, M.E.E.S. Oliveira & S.M. Almeida-Santos 2019. Reproductive Biology of Bothrops atrox (Serpentes, Viperidae, Crotalinae) from the Brazilian Amazon Herpetologica 75 (3): 198-207. - get paper here
  • Starace, Fausto 1998. Guide des Serpents et Amphisbènes de Guyane. IBIS Rouge Editions, Guadeloupe, Guyane, 450 pp.
  • Starace, Fausto 2013. Guide des Serpents et Amphisbènes de Guyane. Ibis Rouge Editions, Matoury, Guyane, ISBN 978-2-84450-407-4 - get paper here
  • Stebbins, R. C. and S. M. McGinnis 2012. Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of California. Revised edition. University of California Press. Berkeley, CA, 552 pp. [ISBN 9780520244665] [review in Copeia, 2013(4):785-786] - get paper here
  • Stuart, L. C. 1935. A contribution to a knowledge of the herpetology of a portion of the savanna region of Central Peten, Guatemala. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Miscellaneous Publications 29: 1-56 - get paper here
  • Stuart, L. C. 1937. Some further notes on the amphibians and reptiles of the Peten Forest of Northern Guatemala. Copeia 1937 (1): 67-70 - get paper here
  • TIMMS, JUAN; JUAN C. CHAPARRO, PABLO J. VENEGAS, DAVID SALAZAR-VALENZUELA, GUSTAVO SCROCCHI, JAIRO CUEVAS, GERARDO LEYNAUD, PAOLA A. CARRASCO 2019. A new species of pitviper of the genus Bothrops (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae) from the Central Andes of South America. Zootaxa 4656 (1): 099–120 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Trutnau, Ludwig 2008. Bemerkungen zur Naturgeschichte, Pflege und Nachzucht von Bothrops atrox (Linnaeus, 1758). Draco 8 (33): 80-83 - get paper here
  • Valencia, J. H., K. Garzón-Tello & M. E. Barragán-Paladines 2016. Serpientes venenosas del Ecuador: sistemática, taxonomía, historia natural, conservación, envenenamiento y aspectos antropológicos. Quito, Ecuador, Fundación Herpetológica Gustavo Orcés, Universidad de Texas, Fondo Ambiental Nacional, 652 pp. [review in HR 49 (1): 152, 2018]
  • Vaz-Silva, W.; RM Oliveira, AFN Gonzaga, KC Pinto, FC Poli, TM Bilce, M Penhacek, L Wronski, JX Martins, TG Junqueira, LCC, Cesca VY, Guimarães RD. Pinheiro 2015. Contributions to the knowledge of amphibians and reptiles from Volta Grande do Xingu, northern Brazil Braz. J. Biol., 75 (3) (suppl.): S205-S218 - get paper here
  • Viana, P. F., Ezaz, T., de Bello Cioffi, M., Liehr, T., Al-Rikabi, A., Goll, L. G., ... & Feldberg, E. 2020. Landscape of snake’sex chromosomes evolution spanning 85 MYR reveals ancestry of sequences despite distinct evolutionary trajectories. Scientific Reports, 10(1): 1-14 (12499) - get paper here
  • Villa,J. 1984. The venomous snakes of Nicaragua. Milwaukee Publ. Mus. Contrib. Biol. & Geol. No. 59, 41 pp. - get paper here
  • Vogt, R.C.; Ferrara, C.R.; Bernhard, R.; Carvalho, V.T.; Balensiefer, D.C.; Bonora, L.; Novelle, S.M.H. 2007. Capítulo 9. Herpetofauna. p. 127-143. In: Rapp Py-Daniel, L.; Deus, C.P.; Henriques, A.L.; Pimpão, D.M.; Ribeiro, O.M. (orgs.). Biodiversidade do Médio Madeira: Bases científicas para propostas de conservação. INPA: Manaus, 244pp.
  • Wagler, J. 1824. Serpentum Brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des espèces nouvelles de serpens. In: Jean de Spix, Animalia nova sive species novae. [NAtrix bahiensis: 27,. Monaco, Typis Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni, vii + 75 pp. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Whithworth, A. & Beirne, C. 2011. Reptiles of the Yachana Reserve. Global Vision International, 130 pp. - get paper here
  • Wucherer, Otho 1863. On the species of Craspedocephalus which occur in the province of Bahia, Brazil. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 12: 242-246 - get paper here
  • Wüster, W.; Salomão, M.G.; Duckett, G.J.; R.S. Thorpe & BBBSP 1999. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of the Bothrops atrox species complex (Squamata: Serpentes: Viperidae). Kaupia (Darmstadt) (8): 135-144
  • Wüster, Wolfgang; et al. 1996. Systematics of the Bothrops atrox Complex (Reptilia Serpentes: Viperidae) in Brazil: a Multivariate Analysis. Herpetologica 52 (2): 263 - get paper here
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:

As link to this species use URL address:

https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Bothrops&species=atrox

without field 'search_param'. Field 'search_param' is used for browsing search result.



Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator