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Bothrops diporus COPE, 1862

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesPortuguese: Bocuda, Cabeça-de-Capanga, Jararaca-do-Chaco, Jararaca-do-Rabo-Branco, Jararaca-Pintada, Jararaca-Pintada-Argentina, Jararaca-Pintada-do-Sul 
SynonymBothrops diporus COPE 1862: 347
Bothrops diporus — BOULENGER 1886: 438
Lachesis neuwiedi BOULENGER 1896 (part.)
Lachesis neuviedi — BERG 1898
Bothrops neuwiedi meridionalis AMARAL 1930: 66 (preoccupied)
Bothrops neuwiedi diporus — COCHRAN 1961: 151
Bothrops neuwiedi diporus — HOGE 1966 [1965]: 128
Bothrops neuwiedi diporus PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 50
Bothrops neuwiedi diporus — CEI 1993
Bothrops neuwiedi diporus — LEYNAUD & BUCHER 1999: 38
Bothrops diporus — SILVA in CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004
Bothrops diporus — TRUTNAU 2008
Bothrops diporus — DA SILVA & RODRIGUES 2008
Bothropoides diporus — FENWICK et al. 2009
Bothrops diporus — CARRASCO et al. 2012
Bothropoides diporus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 113
Bothrops diporus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionArgentina (La Rioja, La Pampa, Cordoba, San Luis, Mendoza, Catamarca, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán, Jujuy, Salta, Formosa, Chaco, Santa Fé, Corrientes and Misiones, Rio Negro: [HR 31: 254], Neuquén [HR 34: 386]),
Brazil (São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and northwestern Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul),
Paraguay, Bolivia

Type locality: Vermejo River region, on boundary of Paraguay and Argentina.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM 12380 (old USNM 5401) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Prolonged postcephalic stripes present, a resultant coalition of the occipital blotches with the first pair of dorsolateral blotches of the trunk. Supralabials evenly pigmented or with large dark markings (covering more than 50% of the supralabial surface) more conspicuous in the anterior half of the mouth; the largest spot is exactly under the eye. The borders of the dorsolateral blotches have well defined contours. Dorsolateral blotches in the trunk: 10 to 28 (mode 21); usually triangular, wide and close to each other. 
CommentVenomous! 
EtymologyNamed after Greek di- (δι-), twice; double + Greek poros (πόρος), pore; crossing-place. (COPE 1862, Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • Amaral, A. D. 1927. Studies of neotropical ophidia IV. A new form of crotalidae from Bolivia. Bull. Antivenin Inst. America 1 (1): 5-6
  • Amaral, A. D. 1932. Contribuicao ao conhecimento dos ofidios do Brasil V. Uma nova raca de Bothrops neuwiedii. Mem. Inst. Butantan 7: 97-101 - get paper here
  • Amaral, A. do 1925. A general consideration of snake poisoning and observations on neotropical pitvipers. Contr. Harvard Inst. Biol. & Med. 2: 1-64 - get paper here
  • Amaral,A. do 1930. Studies of neotropical Ophidia XXV. A new race of Bothrops neuwiedi. Bull. Antivenin Inst. America 4 (3): 65-67
  • Amaral,A. do 1930. Estudos sobre ophidios neotropicos XVIII. Lista remissiva dos ophidios da região neotropica. Mem. Inst. Butantan 4: 126-271 [1929] - get paper here
  • Amaral,A. do 1937. New species of ophidians from Colombia. Compte Rendu 12th Congress Internat. Zool., Lisbon 3 [139 (141)]: 1762-1767 [1935]
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  • Barros, Mariano M. and Tomas Waller. 2015. Bothrops diporus (southern pitviper) diet / ophiophagy. Herpetological Review 46 (3): 443-444 - get paper here
  • Bellini, Gisela Paola; Vanesa Arzamendia and Alejandro Raúl Giraudo 2019. Reproductive life history of snakes in temperate regions: what are the differences between oviparous and viviparous species? Amphibia-Reptilia 40 (3): 291–303 - get paper here
  • Bérnils, R.S.; Batista, M.A. & Bertelli, P.W. 2001. Cobras e lagartos do Vale: levantamento das espécies de Squamata (Reptilia, Lepidosauria) da Bacia do Rio Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Rev. Est. Ambientais (Blumenau) 3 (1): 69-79
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  • Cacciali, Pier; Norman J. Scott, Aida Luz Aquino Ortíz, Lee A. Fitzgerald, and Paul Smith 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, Distribution, and an Annotated Taxonomic Checklist. SPECIAL PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF SOUTHWESTERN BIOLOGY, NUMBER 11: 1–373 - get paper here
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  • Carrasco, P.A., C.I. Mattoni, G.C. Leynaud, and G.J. Scrocchi. 2012. Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of South American bothropoid pitvipers (Serpentes, Viperidae). Zoologica Scripta 41: 109-124 - get paper here
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  • Cope, E.D. 1862. Catalogues of the reptiles obtained during the explorations of the Parana Paraguay, Vermejo and Uruguay rivers, by Capt. Thos. J. Page, U.S.N.; and of those procured by Lieut. N. Michier, U. S. Top. Eng., Commander of the expedition conducting the survey of the Atrato River. I. The Paraguay collection. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 346-359. - get paper here
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  • Fernandes, W.; Abe, A.S. 1991. Electrophoretic Approach to the Relationships among the Subspecies of the Lancehead Bothrops neuwiedi (Serpentes,Viperidae). Zool. Anz. 226 (3/4): 195
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  • García, J.A.R., Curi, L.M., Calamante, C.C. & Céspedez, J.A. 2018. Bothrops diporus (Southern Pitviper / Chaco Lancehead) Diet / Ophiophagy. Herpetological Review 49 (1): 124. - get paper here
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