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Bradypodion ventrale (GRAY, 1845)

IUCN Red List - Bradypodion ventrale - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaChamaeleonidae, Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Eastern Cape Dwarf Chameleon, belly-shielded chameleon 
SynonymChamaeleo ventralis GRAY 1845: 268
Lophosaura ventralis var. karrooica METHUEN & HEWITT 1915
Lophosaura melanocephala kentamica HEWITT 1935
Bradypodion ventrale karrooicum — BRANCH 1998
Bradypodion pumilum karrooicum — KLAVER & BÖHME 1997
Bradypodion pumilum ventrale — KLAVER & BÖHME 1997
Bradypodion karrooicum — NECAS 1999: 194
Bradypodion ventrale — NECAS 1999: 276
Bradypodion ventrale — BRANCH et al. 2006
Bradypodion karrooicum — SCHMIDT et al. 2010
Bradypodion ventrale — TILBURY 2010: 330
Bradypodion ventrale — CAMPBELL & DENZER 2020 
DistributionRepublic of South Africa (E Cape Province)

Type locality: S. Africa

not recognized anymore: karrooicum from the Republic of South Africa (S Cape Province); Type locality: Beaufort West, Cape Province  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
TypesSyntypes: BMNH 1946.8.22.7-10 (4 specimens), probably all females fide Campbell & Denzer 2020.
Holotype: PEM R8924 (formerly AMG 1789), Paratype: PEM R8926 (formerly AMG 1851) [karrooica] 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 415 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentDistribution: For a map see TOLLEY et al. (2004).

Bradypodion karrooicum “is nested within V. ventrale and thus best treated as a synonym” (fide BRANCH et al. 2006). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin venter (ventris > vent), belly or underside; -alis/is/e, adjectival suffix: denoting the scalation of the belly or more precisely the series of large flat circular scales on the belly (Charles Klaver, pers. comm., 11 Jan 2023). 
References
  • Barends, J. M., Petford, M. A., & Tolley, K. A. 2024. Comparing perch availability and perch use between African dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion) ectomorphs. Current Zoology, zoae076
  • Bates, M. F. 1988. Life History Note: Bradypodion ventrale ventrale: Reproduction. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (34): 47-47 - get paper here
  • Bates, M.F.; Branch, W.R., Bauer, A.M.; Burger, M., Marais, J.; Alexander, G.J. & de Villliers, M.S. (eds.) 2014. Atlas and Red List of the Reptiles of South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Suricata 1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 512 pp.
  • Branch, W. R. 1988. Life History Note: Bradypodion ventrale ventrale: Growth and Predation. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (34): 47-47 - get paper here
  • Branch, W. R. 1998. Field Guide to the Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. 3rd ed. Fully Revised and Updated to Include 83 New Species. Ralph Curtis Books (Sanibel Island, Florida), 399 pp.
  • Branch, Wiliam R., Krystal A. Tolley and Colin R. Tilbury 2006. A new Dwarf Chameleon (Sauria: Bradypodion Fitzinger, 1843) from the Cape Fold Mountains, South Africa. African Journal of Herpetology 55 (2):123-141. - get paper here
  • Branch, William R. 1993. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers, 144 S.
  • CAMPBELL, PATRICK D; WOLFGANG DENZER 2020. Annotated catalogue of chameleon types in the collection of the Natural History Museum, UK (NHMUK) (Reptilia: Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Zootaxa 4742 (3): 481–500 - get paper here
  • Carne, Liza; Measey, G. John 2013. Chameleons on the cruise: seasonal differences in prey choice of two dwarf chameleons. The Herpetological Journal 23 (4): 221-227 - get paper here
  • CONRADIE, WERNER; WILLIAM R. BRANCH, & GILLIAN WATSON 2019. Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 2: Reptiles (Squamata). Zootaxa 4576 (1): 001–045 - get paper here
  • Glaw, F. 2015. Taxonomic checklist of chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). [type catalogue] Vertebrate Zoology 65 (2): 167–246 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1845. Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of die British Museum/Edward Newman, London: xxvii + 289 pp. - get paper here
  • Hewitt, J. 1935. Some new forms of batrachians and reptiles from South Africa. Rec. Albany Mus. 4: 283-357
  • Nečas, Petr 1999. Chameleons - Nature's Hidden Jewels. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt; 348 pp.; ISBN 3-930612-04-6 (Europe)<br />ISBN 1-57524-137-4 (USA, Canada)
  • Stuart-Fox, D. & Moussalli, A. 2007. Sex-specific ecomorphological variation and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion spp.). J. evol. Biol. 20: 1073-1081 - get paper here
  • Stuart-Fox, D.; Moussalli, A. & Whiting, M.J. 2007. Natural Selection on Social Signals: Signal Efficacy and the Evolution of Chameleon Display Coloration. American Naturalist 170 (6): 916-930 - get paper here
  • Taft, J. M., Tolley, K. A., Alexander, G. J., & Geneva, A. J. 2023. De Novo-Whole Genome Assemblies for Two Southern African Dwarf Chameleons (Bradypodion, Chamaeleonidae). Genome Biology and Evolution, evad182 - get paper here
  • Tilbury, C. 2010. Chameleons of Africa: An Atlas, Including the Chameleons of Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt M., 831 pp.
  • Tolley KA, Main DC, Dube KM, van Vuuren BJ, da Silva JM 2025. Ecological factors promote convergent evolution and ecological speciation in dwarf chameleons (Bradypodion). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101(3): 1227-1247 - get paper here
  • Tolley, K. & Burger, M. 2007. Chameleons of Southern Africa. Struik, Cape Town,100 pp.
  • Tolley, K.A., Conradie, W., Pietersen, D.W., Weeber, J., Burger, M. & Alexander, G.J. (eds) 2023. Conservation status of the reptiles of South Africa, Eswatini and Lesotho. Suricata 10. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria
  • Tolley, Krystal A.; Colin R. Tilbury, William R. Branch and Conrad A. Matthee 2004. Phylogenetics of the southern African dwarf chameleons, Bradypodion (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30 (2): 354-365 - get paper here
 
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