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Bufoniceps laungwalaensis (SHARMA, 1978)

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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Agaminae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Laungwala Long-headed Lizard, Rajasthan Toad-headed lizard 
SynonymPhrynocephalus laungwalaensis SHARMA 1978
Phrynocephalus laungwalensis — ZOOLOGICAL RECORD
Bufoniceps laungwalaensis — ARNOLD 1992
Bufoniceps laungwalensis — DAS 1996: 43
Bufoniceps (Phrynocephalus) laungwalensis — DUNAYEV 1996
Bufoniceps laungwalaensis — BARTS & WILMS 2003
Bufoniceps laungwalensis [sic] — MURTHY 2010: 108
Bufoniceps laungawalensis [sic] — MURTHY 2010: 109
Bufoniceps laungwalansis — DAS & DAS 2017: 29 (in error) 
DistributionIndia (Rajasthan Desert, Jaisalmer District), adjacent Pakistan (Sindh)

Type locality: Laungwala, Jaisalmer District, Rajasthan, India.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZSI 23452, paratypes: ZSI 23453–61 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus). External ear opening present but extremely small. Tympanum well-developed but deeply set, largely covered by anterior slip of depressor mandibulae muscle; internal opening of middle ear fairly large. Head only slightly longer than wide; snout extremely short; no canthus rostralis; nostrils placed close together, high on snout and directed forward and upward. Body depressed with small and more or less homogeneous scales and no dorsal crest. Tail short (length less than two-thirds distance from snout to vent). No gular sac; femoral pores and preanal callose pads absent. Digits with fringes of flat, pointed scales that do not interlock.


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CommentType species: Phrynocephalus laungwalaensis SHARMA 1978 is the type species of the genus Bufoniceps ARNOLD 1992.

Reference images: see Uetz et al. 2024 for high-resolution reference images for this species. 
Etymologynamed after the type locality.

The genus was named after Latin “bufo” = toad and the Latin “caput” = head, abbreviated often as -ceps, for the toad-like head in members of this genus. 
References
  • Agarwal, I.; Mistry, V.K. & Tillack, F. 2009. Über die Rajasthan-Krötenkopfagame Bufoniceps laungwalaensis (SHARMA, 1978), ein Endemit aus der Wüste Thar. Sauria 30 (4): 37-48 [2008] - get paper here
  • Arnold, E.N. 1992. The Rajasthan Toad-headed lizard, Phrynocephalus laungwalaensis (Reptilia: Agamidae), represents a new genus. Journal of Herpetology 26 (4): 467-472 - get paper here
  • Barts, M. & Wilms, T. 2003. Die Agamen der Welt. Draco 4 (14): 4-23 - get paper here
  • Das, Indraneil & Abhijit Das 2017. A Naturalist’s Guide to the Reptiles of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. John Beaufoy Publishing Ltd., Oxford, 176 pp.
  • Das, Sanjay Keshari 2015. Notes on unusual behavioural ecology of Acanthodactylus cantoris feeding on Bufoniceps laungewalaensis. Herpetology Notes 8: 563-565 - get paper here
  • Dunayev, E. A. 1996. On the possible use of the Ethological features in the taxonomy and phylogeny of toad agamas, Phrynocephalus (Reptilia, Agamidae). Russ. J. Herpetol. 3 (1): 32-38 - get paper here
  • Golubev, M. & DUNAYEV, 1997. On the relationships between Agamid genera Phrynocephalus Kaup, 1825 and Bufoniceps Arnold, 1992. Abstracts of the Third World congress of Herpetology - Prague
  • Lotzkat, S. 2017. Book Review: Verbeitung, Biologie und Schutz der Erdkröte Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des Amphibienschutzes an Strasen. Herpetological Review 48 (3): 691-692. - get paper here
  • Murthy, T.S.N. 2010. The reptile fauna of India. B.R. Publishing, New Delhi, 332 pp.
  • Sharma R C 1978. A new species of Phrynocephalus Kaup (Reptilia: Agamidae) from the Rajasthan Desert, India, with notes on ecology. BULLETIN OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA 1(3) 1978: 291-294 - get paper here
  • Uetz, P.H.; Patel, M.; Gbadamosi, Z.; Nguyen, A.; Shoope, S. 2024. A Reference Database of Reptile Images. Taxonomy 4: 723–732 - get paper here
  • VARMA, VISHAL & GIRISH CHOURE. 2022. BUFONICEPS LAUNGWALAENSIS (Laungwala Toad-headed Agama). DEATH-FEIGNING. Herpetological Review 53 (1): 130–131.
  • Venugopal, P.D. 2010. An updated and annotated list of Indian lizards (Reptilia: Sauria) based on a review of distribution records and checklists of Indian reptiles. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2 (3): 725-738. - get paper here
 
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