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Bungarus lividus CANTOR, 1839

IUCN Red List - Bungarus lividus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Lesser Black Krait 
SynonymBungarus lividus CANTOR 1839: 32
Bungarus lividus — BOULENGER 1896: 370
Bungarus lividus — WALL 1908: 15
Bungarus lividus — SMITH 1943: 418
Bungarus lividus — WELCH 1994: 39
Bungarus lividus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 129 
DistributionIndia (Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland etc), Bangladesh, Nepal

Type locality: Assam, India  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: iconotype, based on specimen in Bodleian Library: colored sketch no. 1. 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 678 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Distribution: Possibly in Bhutan (Lenz 2012). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin lividus, meaning “bluish metal-colored” or “lead-colored”. 
References
  • Ahsan, M.F. & M.M. Rahman 2017. Status, distribution and threats of kraits (Squamata: Elapidae: Bungarus) in Bangladesh. Journal of Threatened Taxa 9 (3): 9903–9910 - get paper here
  • Basfore, B., Kalita, M. J., Sharma, N., & Boro, A. R. 2024. An updated checklist of snakes (Reptilia: Squamata) in northeastern India derived from a review of recent literature. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 16(11), 26131-26149 - get paper here
  • Bhattarai S, Pokheral CP, Lamichhane BR, Regmi UR, Ram AK, Subedi N. 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of Parsa National Park, Nepal. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 12(1): 35–48 (e155)
  • Bhattarai S., Gurung A., Lamichhane BR., Regmi R., Dhungana M., Kumpakha B. and Subedi N. 2020. Amphibians and Reptiles of Chure Range, Nepal. President Chure Terai-Madhesh Conservation Development Board and National Trust for Nature Conservation, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
  • Bhattarai, Santosh; Chiranjibi P. Pokheral, Baburam Lamichhane,, and Naresh Subedi 2017. Herpetofauna of a Ramsar Site: Beeshazar and Associated Lakes, Chitwan National Park, Nepal. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 24 (1): 17-29 - get paper here
  • Bhupathy, S., Ramesh Kumar, S., Paramanandham, J., Thirumalainathan, P. and Pranjit Kumar Sarma 2013. Conservation of reptiles in Nagaland, India. In: K. K. Singh et al. (editors), Bioresources and Traditional Knowledge of Northeast India, Mizo Post-Graduate Science Society, pp. 181-186
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor & Francis, London, xviii, 541 pp. - get paper here
  • Cantor, T. E. 1839. Spicilegium serpentium indicorum [part 1]. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1839: 31-34 - get paper here
  • Das, Abhijit 2018. Notes on Snakes of the Genus Bungarus 2 (Serpentes: Elapidae) from Northeast India. in: C. Sivaperuman, K. Venkataraman (eds.), Indian Hotspots, Springer, pp: - get paper here
  • Kästle , W., Rai, K. & Schleich, H.H. 2013. FIELD GUIDE to Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. ARCO-Nepal e.V., 625 pp. - get paper here
  • Lenz, Norbert 2012. Von Schmetterlingen und Donnerdrachen - Natur und Kultur in Bhutan. Karlsruher Naturhefte 4, Naturkundemuseum Karlsruhe, 124 pp.
  • Pandey, Deb Prasad 2018. New records of snakes from Chitwan National Park and vicinity, Central Nepal. Herpetology Notes 11: 679-696 - get paper here
  • Purkayastha J. 2013. An Amateur’s Guide to Reptiles of Assam. EBH Publishers (India) - get paper here
  • Purkayastha, JAYADITYA; SOMLEE GUPTA, RUPANKAR BHATTACHARJEE & SANATH BOHRA 2020. Self-inflicted bites by two venomous snake species: Medo’s pit viper Trimeresurus medoensis and lesser black krait Bungarus lividus. Herpetological Bulletin 154: - get paper here
  • Rai, T., Limbu, S., Kunwar, N., & Shah, K. B. 2024. First record of Lesser Black Krait, Bungarus lividus Cantor 1839 from the mountain region of Nepal. Reptiles & Amphibians, 31(1), e21194-e21194 - get paper here
  • Ray, Prajjwal and Shyamaprasad Pandey 2020. A leucistic Lesser Black Krait, Bungarus lividus (Squamata: Elapidae), from West Bengal, India. IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 27 (1): 103–104 - get paper here
  • Shah, K. B. 1998. Checklist of the herpetofauna of Nepal with english and vernacular names. NAHSON Bull., Nat. Hist. Soc. Nepal, Kathmandu 8 (1-4): 26-30
  • Sharma, R. C. 2004. Handbook Indian Snakes. AKHIL BOOKS, New Delhi, 292 pp.
  • Sharma, S.K., Pandey, D.P., Shah, K.B., Tillack, E, Chappuis, E, Thapa, C. L., AiroI, E. & Kuch, U. 2013. Venomous snakes of Nepal: a photographic guide. B.P. Kolrala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, 85 pp. - get paper here
  • Slowinski J B. 1994. A phylogenetic analysis of Bungarus (Elapidae) based on morphological characters. Journal of Herpetology 28 (4): 440-446 - get paper here
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Thapa, M. K., Dutta, S., Das, H. J., Pradhan, T. K., Mahanta, D., Tossa, S., ... & Ray, P. C. 2025. Herpetofaunal inventory of the Ranga Reserve Forest, Lakhimpur, Assam, India. Reptiles & Amphibians, 32(1), e21663-e21663
  • Tshewang, S. & L. Letro 2018. The herpetofauna of Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park in central Bhutan: status, distribution and new records. Journal of Threatened Taxa 10(11): 12489–12498; - get paper here
  • Wall, F. 1906. The poisonous snakes of India and how to recognize them, Part I. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 17: 51-72 [correction on p. 995] - get paper here
  • Wall, F. 1908. The poisonous terrestrial snakes of our British Indian dominions and how to recognise them, 2nd ed. Bombay, Bombay Natural History Society - get paper here
  • Wall,F. 1908. A popular treatise of the common Indian snakes. Part VIII. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 18: 711-735 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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