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Calliophis intestinalis (LAURENTI, 1768)

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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesCalliophis intestinalis intestinalis (LAURENTI 1768)
Calliophis intestinalis lineata (GRAY in GRAY & HARDWICKE 1835)
Calliophis intestinalis thepassi (BLEEKER 1859) 
Common NamesE: Banded Malaysian Coral Snake, Striped Coral Snake
G: Gestreifte Bauchdrüsenotter 
SynonymAspis intestinalis LAURENTI 1768: 106
Callophis intestinalis — STEINDACHNER 1891: 295
Doliophis intestinalis BOULENGER 1896: 401
Doliophis intestinalis — WALL 1908: 28
Calamaria klossi SMITH 1926 (fide INGER & MARX 1965)
Maticora intestinalis immaculata LOVERIDGE 1944
Maticora intestinalis — MANTHEY & GROSSMANN 1997: 422
Maticora intestinalis — STUEBING & INGER 1999: 195
Calliophis intestinalis — SLOWINSKI et al. 2001
Calliophis intestinalis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 145

Calliophis intestinalis intestinalis (LAURENTI 1768)
Aspis intestinalis LAURENTI 1768
Elaps intestinalis var. — CANTOR 1847 (partim)
Callophis intestinalis — GÜNTHER 1864
Callophis intestinalis — BERNHARD-MEYER 1869: 74
Adeniophis intestinalis — BOETTGER 1892: 133 (partim)
Doliophis intestinalis forma typica — BOULENGER 1896
Doliophis intestinalis — FLOWER 1896
Doliophis intestinalis BOULENGER's var. C — COHN 1905
Maticora intestinalis — STEJNEGER 1922
Maticora intestinalis intestinalis — LOVERIDGE 1944
Elaps furcatus SCHNEIDER 1801
Vipera furcata — DAUDIN 1803
Elaps furcatu (sic) — SCHLEGEL 1837
Elaps furcatus — BOIE 1827
Elaps furcatus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 1228
Doliophis intestinalis var. vertebralis WERNER 1900
Maticora intestinalis intestinalis — WELCH 1994: 75
Calliophis intestinalis — HIEN et al. 2001
Calliophis intestinalis intestinalis — NGUYEN et al. 2009

Calliophis intestinalis lineata (GRAY in GRAY & HARDWICKE 1835)
Maticora lineata GRAY in GRAY & HARDWICKE 1835: 86
Doliophis intestinalis var. lineata — FLOWER 1899
Maticora intestinalis lineata — LOVERIDGE 1944
Elaps tri-lineatus DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 1227
Elaps melanototaenia BLEEKER 1857 (nomen nudum)
Elaps melanotaenia — BLEEKER 1858
Elaps trilineatus — BLEEKER 1858
Callophis intestinalis var. malayana GÜNTHER 1864
Elaps (Adeniophis) intestinalis — BOETTGER 1883
Callophis intestinalis var. malayana — MÜLLER 1890
Callophis intestinalis (LAURENTI 1768) (partim) — BOULENGER 1890
Doliophis intestinalis var. lineata — BOULENGER 1896: 403
Doliophis intestinalis var. trilineata — BOULENGER 1896
Doliophis intestinalis — VOLZ 1904
Doliophis intestinalis BOULENGER's var. C — COHN 1905
Doliophis intestinalis var. trilineatus — BOULENGER 1920
Maticora intestinalis — STEJNEGER 1922
Maticora intestinalis lineata — WELCH 1994: 75
Maticora intestinalis lineata — CHAN-ARD et al. 1999: 210
Maticora intestinalis lineata — ORLOV et al. 2003
Calliophis intestinalis lineatus — NGUYEN et al. 2009
Calliophis intestinalis lineatus — BROWN et al. 2018

Calliophis intestinalis thepassi (BLEEKER, 1859)
Elaps thepassi BLEEKER 1859: 201
Maticora intestinalis thepassi — GOLAY et al. 1993
Maticora intestinalis thepassi — ROOIJEN & ROOIJEN 2004
Calliophis intestinalis thepassi — NGUYEN et al. 2009 
DistributionIndonesia (Bali), Malaysia (incl. Pulau Tioman).

intestinalis: Indonesia (Java, Mentawai Archipelago [subspecies not confirmed], Sumatra)

lineata: Indonesia (Riau Archipelago, Sumatra); Malaysia (Malaya); Singapore; Thailand, Vietnam (Gia Lai Province, fide ORLOV 2003: 236); Type locality: Penang, Malaysia;

thepassi: Indonesia (Borneo); Brunei Darussalam; Malaysia (East Malaysia); Type locality: Sintang, Kalimantan, Indonesia;

Type locality: “Africa” (in error), corrected to Java, Indonesia by LEVITON 1964.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: unknown (Sang et al. 2009)
Holotype: unknown (Sang et al. 2009) [everetti]
Holotype: MCZ 15173 [immaculata]
Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.18.2 (possible) [lineata]
Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.17.96 (63.12.11.137) (possible) [thepassi] 
DiagnosisDIAGNOSIS (genus): Maxilla extends forward beyond palatine; venom fangs followed by a diastema and then by one small, solid tooth; head not distinct from neck; loreal absent; nostril between nasals; eye small, pupil round; body cylindrical, elongate; tail short; scales smooth, in 13 longitudinal rows at midbody; subcaudals paired; venom glands elongate, extending far back into body cavity and terminating in an elongate, club-shaped end; hypapophyses present throughout vertebral column (from Leviton et al. 2014: 493). 
CommentVenomous!

Subspecies: all Philippine subspecies have been elevated to full species.

Variation: This species is exremely variable. GROSSMANN & TILLACK (2005) show an example with a bright red dorsal stripe and a white lateral stripe on a black (or dark grey) body.

Diet: Maticora species eat only snakes (Greene 1997).

Synonymy: Maticora has been synonymized with Calliophis by SLOWINSKI et al. (2001). Calliophis furcates var. nigrotaeniatus PETERS 1863 has been resurrected from the synonymy of C. i. lineata and Calliophis intestinalis everetti (formerly considered a subspecies of intestinalis) synonymized with nigrotaeniatus by Fukuyama et al. 2020. See C. nigrotaeniatus.

Type species: Maticora lineata Gray, 1834 is the type species of the genus Maticora GRAY 1834.

Type species: Aspis intestinalis Laurenti 1768 is the type species of the genus Calliophis GRAY 1834: 86 (fide Leviton et al. 2014: 493). Note that other sources, e.g. Williams & Wallach 1989 consider Calliophis gracilis as type species; the latter authors cite Gray 1835: 86). 
EtymologyThe species epithet, intestinalis, comes from the Renaissance Latin (intestīnum "intestine" + -ālis "pertaining to". Neither Laurenti who described the species (in two lines) nor other authors have hinted at anything special about the internal anatomical features of the species as a diagnostic key. Perhaps the use of intestinalis is meant to reference the ventral features of the species as it is strikingly different than the dorsal or lateral colors of the species. 
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