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Caribicus anelpistus (SCHWARTZ, GRAHAM, & DUVAL, 1979)

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Higher TaxaDiploglossidae, Diploglossa, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: ALTAGRACIA GIANT GALLIWASP 
SynonymDiploglossus anelpistus SCHWARTZ, GRAHAM & DUVAL 1979:3
Diploglossus anelpistus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 402
Celestus anelpistus — POWELL et al. 1996: 65
Celestus warreni anelpistus — HALLERMANN & BÖHME 2002
Caribicus anelpistus — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021
Celestus anelpistus — LINDKEN et al. 2024
Caribicus anelpistus — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2024: 26 
DistributionHispaniola (SC Dominican Republic)

Type locality: Ingenio Catarey, "Come Hombre," Villa Altagracia, San Cristóbal Province, República Dominicana.  
Reproductionovoviviparous (Schwartz 1979, Schools & Hedges 2024) 
TypesHolotype: USNM 197336. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Caribicus anelpistus has (1) a dorsal pattern of bands, (2) head markings present, (3) markings in the longitudinal paramedian area absent/present, (4) dots arranged in bars in the lateral band absent, (5) an adult SVL of 279 mm, (6) ventral scale rows, 81–107, (7) midbody scale rows, 33–40, (8) total lamellae on one hand, 43–48, (9) total strigae on ten scales, 471, (10) relative length of all digits on one hindlimb, 24.6 %, (11) relative distance between the angled subocular and mouth, 1.24 %, (12) relative eye length, 3.69 %, (13) relative forelimb length, 21.0 %, (14) relative ear width, 1.15 %, (15) relative rostral height, 2.03 %, (16) relative head length, 23.8 %, (17) relative mental width, 1.82 %, (18) relative postmental width, 3.87 %, (19) relative cloacal width, 10.8 %, (20) relative prefrontal width, 5.38 %, (21) relative largest supraocular width, 2.31 %, (22) relative longest finger length, 4.98 %, (23) relative distance between the ear and eye, 10.6 %, (24) relative head width, 77.0 %, (25) relative frontal width, 89.3 %, (26) relative nasal height, 1.11 %, (27) relative angled subocular height, 1.89 %, (28) relative distance between the eye and naris, 5.23 %, (29) relative canthal iii length, 1.64 %, (30) relative angled subocular width, 2.27 %, and (31) relative nasal length, 1.80 %. No genetic data are available for estimating the species stem time or crown time.
Caribicus anelpistus has the smallest relative length of digits on one hindlimb (24.6), relative auricular length (1.15), and relative canthal iii length (1.64) of the genus. This species also has the largest relative head length (23.8), relative postmental width (3.87), relative cloacal width (10.8), relative distance between the ear and eye (10.6), relative frontal width (89.3), and relative angled subocular height (1.89) of the genus.
From Caribicus darlingtoni, we distinguish C. anelpistus by the dorsal pattern (bands versus lineate), the adult SVL (279 versus 61.1–74.9), the total lamellae on one hand (43–48 versus 33–39), the total strigae on ten scales (471 versus 90–120), the relative length of digits on one hindlimb (24.6 versus 26.1–31.9), the relative distance between angled subocular and mouth (1.24 versus 0.768–1.13), the relative ear width (1.15 versus 1.17–1.85), the relative head length (23.8 versus 17.4–20.0), the relative mental width (1.82 versus 2.05–2.52), the relative postmental width (3.87 versus 2.70–3.21), the relative cloacal width (10.8 versus 7.08–8.48), the relative largest supraocular width (2.31 versus 2.70–3.12), the relative distance between the ear and eye (10.6 versus 6.83–8.58), the relative frontal width (89.3 versus 74.3–80.7), the relative nasal height (1.11 versus 1.14–1.45), the relative angled subocular height (1.89 versus 0.810–1.05), and the relative width of canthal iii (1.64 versus 1.68–2.03). From C. warreni, we distinguish C. anelpistus by the relative length of digits on one hindlimb (24.6 versus 27.0–27.3), the relative ear width (1.15 versus 1.20–1.88), and the relative rostral height (2.03 versus 1.55–1.99). (Schools & Hedges 2024)


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CommentFor illustrations see Schwartz, Graham, and Duval, 1979; Henderson, 1988.

Abundance: only known from its original description (Meiri et al. 2017). 
References
  • De Jesus, N., Marte-Pimentel, C., Espinal, R. J., & Incháustegui, S. J. 2023. Rediscovery of the Altagracia Giant Galliwasp (Caribicus anelpistus) at Villa Altagracia, Dominican Republic. Reptiles & Amphibians, 30(1), e20611-e20611 - get paper here
  • Hallermann, J. & W. Böhme 2002. On giant anguids from the West Indies with special reference to Celestus warreni ( Schwartz, 1970) and its relatives from Hispaniola (Reptilia: Squamata: Anguidae). Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst. 99: 169-178
  • Henderson, R. W. 1988. Diploglossus anelpistus Schwartz, Graham and Duval. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles (424. - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions - get paper here
  • Powell, R. & Incháustegui, S.J. 2009. Conservation of the herpetofauna of the Dominican Republic. Applied Herpetology 6: 103–122 - get paper here
  • Powell, R., R. W. Henderson, K. Adler, And H. A. Dundee. 1996. An annotated checklist of West Indian amphibians and reptiles. In R. Powell and R. W. Henderson (eds.), Contributions to West Indian Herpetology: A Tribute to Albert Schwartz, p.51-93. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca (New York). Contributions to Herpetology, volume 12. [book review in Salamandra 36 (2): 136]
  • Powell, Robert, José A. Ottenwalder, Sixto J. Incháustegui, Robert W. Henderson and Richard E. Glor. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of the Dominican Republic: Species of special concern. Oryx 34 (2): 118-128 - get paper here
  • SCHOOLS, M., & HEDGES, S. B. 2024. A new forest lizard fauna from Caribbean islands (Squamata, Diploglossidae, Celestinae). Zootaxa 5554(1): 1-306 - get paper here
  • SCHOOLS, MOLLY & S. BLAIR HEDGES 2021. Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae). Zootaxa 4974 (2): 201–257 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Schwartz,A., E.D. Graham, Jr., and J. J. Duval 1979. A new species of Diploglossus (Sauria: Anguidae) from Hispaniola. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 92: 1-9. - get paper here
 
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