Celestus capitulatus SCHOOLS & HEDGES, 2024
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Celestus capitulatus
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| Higher Taxa | Diploglossidae, Diploglossa, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards) |
| Subspecies | |
| Common Names | |
| Synonym | Celestus capitulatus SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2024: 45 Celestus crusculus crusculus — GRANT 1940a:102. Celestus crusculus — Schwartz & Henderson, 1991:369 (part) Celestus crusculus crusculus — HEDGES et al., 2019:17 (part) Celestus crusculus — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021:220 (part) Celestus crusculus — LANDESTOY et al., 2022:204 (part) |
| Distribution | Jamaica Type locality: Knoxwood, Saint Elizabeth Parish, Jamaica |
| Reproduction | |
| Types | Holotype. USNM 328168, an adult male, collected by Carla Ann Hass, S. Blair Hedges, Minocal Stephenson, and walton Stephenson on 2 October 1984 (18.00363, -77.74489; 8 m). Paratypes (n=35). JAMAICA. Hanover. BMNH 1970.1713, Garth Underwood, Booby Cay, 1970. Manchester. BMNH 1938.4.13.8, Chapman Grant, Alligator Pond, southern coast, 1938; BMNH 1970.1721–1724 (one of several untagged specimens in the same jar), Garth Underwood, Alligator Pond, 1970. Saint Elizabeth. USNM 328169, Carla Ann Hass, S. Blair Hedges, Minocal Stephenson, and walton Stephenson, Knoxwood, 2 October 1984; KU 229277, KU 229279–82, 3 mi SE whitehouse, 10 July 1967; BMNH 1970.1719, Garth Underwood, Black River, 1970; AMNH 72365, 139138–9, Koopman, Hecht, and williams, 1 mi S of Black River, 13 August 1950. Westmoreland. BMNH 1970.1717, Garth Underwood, Negril Hill, Holmes Bay, 1970; BMNH 1970.1718, Garth Underwood, north of Springfield, 1970; BMNH 1970.1715–1716, Garth Underwood, Negril, 1970; KU 229232–3, 2 mi Sw Old Hope, 1 July 1967; KU 229244, 0.3 mi Nw whitehouse; KU 229250–1, 0.5 mi SE whitehouse, 14 July 1967; KU 229252–8, 229260, 0.7 mi Nw Bluefields, 17 July 1967; KU 229273–4, 0.1 mi N Beeston Spring, 18 July 1967; KU 229275–6, 3 mi N Kilmarnoch, 18 July 1967; USNM 328157, S. Blair Hedges and Carla Ann Hass, 4.5 km w of Old Hope (at Little Bay), 29 May 1988. |
| Diagnosis | Diagnosis. Celestus capitulatus sp. nov. has (1) a dorsal pattern of irregular dots/dots in chevrons, (2) head markings absent/present, (3) markings in the longitudinal paramedian area absent/present, (4) dots arranged in bars in the lateral band absent/present, (5) an adult SVL of 62.1–81.8 mm, (6) ventral scale rows, 97–121, (7) midbody scale rows, 37–47, (8) total lamellae on one hand, 25–38, (9) total strigae on ten scales, 105–192, (10) relative length of all digits on one hindlimb, 17.6–22.3 %, (11) relative distance between the angled subocular and mouth, 0.525–1.17 %, (12) relative eye length, 2.75–3.80 %, (13) relative forelimb length, 14.3–18.1 %, (14) relative ear width, 0.671–2.04 %, (15) relative rostral height, 1.51–2.03 %, (16) relative head length, 15.1–17.7 %, (17) relative mental width, 1.28–1.84 %, (18) relative postmental width, 2.62–2.97 %, (19) relative cloacal width, 7.84–8.67 %, (20) relative prefrontal width, 4.30–4.72 %, (21) relative largest supraocular width, 2.03–2.61 %, (22) relative longest finger length, 3.45–3.75 %, (23) relative distance between the ear and eye, 6.45–7.84 %, (24) relative head width, 71.6–78.6 %, (25) relative frontal width, 78.1–81.6 %, (26) relative nasal height, 0.953–1.42 %, (27) relative angled subocular height, 0.586–1.01 %, (28) relative distance between the eye and naris, 4.57–5.03 %, (29) relative canthal iii length, 1.61–1.70 %, (30) relative angled subocular width, 1.93–2.32 %, and (31) relative nasal length, 1.40–1.84 %. The species stem time is 4.85 Ma and the species crown time is 1.27 Ma (Fig. 4). we distinguish Celestus capitulatus sp. nov. from congeners based on a complex of traits. From Celestus barbouri, we distinguish C. capitulatus sp. nov. by the dorsal pattern (irregular dots/dots in chevrons versus chevrons). From C. crusculus, we distinguish C. capitulatus sp. nov. by the relative frontal width (78.1–81.6 versus 82.6–91.1). From C. duquesneyi, we distinguish C. capitulatus sp. nov. by the dorsal pattern (irregular dots/dots in chevrons versus bands), the midbody scale rows (37–47 versus 48), the total lamellae on one hand (25–38 versus 64), the relative length of digits on one hindlimb (17.6–22.3 versus 31.4), the relative eye length (2.75–3.80 versus 4.36), the relative forelimb length (14.3–18.1 versus 24.4), the relative ear width (0.671–2.04 versus 2.45), the relative rostral height (1.51–2.03 versus 2.14), the relative head length (15.1–17.7 versus 21.6), the relative mental width (1.28–1.84 versus 2.35), the relative postmental width (2.62–2.97 versus 3.19), the relative cloacal width (7.84–8.67 versus 9.98), the relative prefrontal width (4.30–4.72 versus 5.41), the relative largest supraocular width (2.03–2.61 versus 2.66), the relative longest finger length (3.45–3.75 versus 6.52), the relative head width (71.6– 78.6 versus 64.6), the relative frontal width (78.1–81.6 versus 75.2), the relative angled subocular height (0.586– 1.01 versus 1.61), the relative distance between the eye and naris (4.57–5.03 versus 5.46), the relative angled subocular width (1.93–2.32 versus 2.90), and the relative nasal width (1.40–1.84 versus 2.01). From C. hesperius sp. nov., we distinguish C. capitulatus sp. nov. by the relative forelimb length (14.3–18.1 versus 18.6–21.3) and the relative width of canthal iii (1.61–1.70 versus 1.77–1.93). From C. hewardi, we distinguish C. capitulatus sp. nov. by the dorsal pattern (irregular dots/dots in chevrons versus mottled/bands), the adult SVL (62.1–81.8 versus 129– 171), the total lamellae on one hand (25–38 versus 50–61), the relative length of digits on one hindlimb (17.6–22.3 versus 24.1–30.6), the relative forelimb length (14.3–18.1 versus 22.2–24.6), the relative cloacal width (7.84–8.67 versus 8.81–9.89), the relative longest finger length (3.45–3.75 versus 5.03–5.66), and the relative frontal width (78.1–81.6 versus 57.3–75.3). From C. jamesbondi sp. nov., we distinguish C. capitulatus sp. nov. by the relative frontal width (78.1–81.6 versus 70.5–77.6) and the relative width of canthal iii (1.61–1.70 versus 1.75–2.16). From C. macrolepis, we distinguish C. capitulatus sp. nov. by the dorsal pattern (irregular dots/dots in chevrons versus bicolored), the adult SVL (62.1–81.8 versus 254–316), the total lamellae on one hand (25–38 versus 52–54), the total strigae on ten scales (105–192 versus 398), the relative length of digits on one hindlimb (17.6–22.3 versus 27.5–28.0), the relative distance between angled subocular and mouth (0.525–1.17 versus 1.39–1.66), the relative forelimb length (14.3–18.1 versus 26.1–26.7), the relative head length (15.1–17.7 versus 19.2–22.9), the relative mental width (1.28–1.84 versus 1.87), the relative postmental width (2.62–2.97 versus 3.81), the relative cloacal width (7.84–8.67 versus 11.2), the relative prefrontal width (4.30–4.72 versus 3.94), the relative largest supraocular width (2.03–2.61 versus 2.64–3.01), the relative longest finger length (3.45–3.75 versus 5.47–5.51), the relative distance between the ear and eye (6.45–7.84 versus 8.02–10.9), the relative head width (71.6–78.6 versus 80.5), the relative angled subocular height (0.586–1.01 versus 1.17), the relative distance between the eye and naris (4.57–5.03 versus 6.02), and the relative angled subocular width (1.93–2.32 versus 2.57). From C. macrotus, we distinguish C. capitulatus sp. nov. by the dorsal pattern (irregular dots/dots in chevrons versus chevrons/bands), the ventral scale rows (97–121 versus 87–93), the total lamellae on one hand (25–38 versus 39–40), the relative length of digits on one hindlimb (17.6–22.3 versus 30.2–31.2), the relative forelimb length (14.3–18.1 versus 22.4–25.0), the relative head length (15.1–17.7 versus 18.2–20.5), the relative postmental width (2.62–2.97 versus 3.00), the relative prefrontal width (4.30–4.72 versus 4.87–5.55), the relative largest supraocular width (2.03–2.61 versus 2.96–4.03), the relative longest finger length (3.45–3.75 versus 6.43–6.67), the relative frontal width (78.1–81.6 versus 57.6– 66.1), the relative distance between the eye and naris (4.57–5.03 versus 5.48–5.60), the relative angled subocular width (1.93–2.32 versus 2.77–2.83), and the relative nasal width (1.40–1.84 versus 2.08–2.33). From C. microblepharis, we distinguish C. capitulatus sp. nov. by the dorsal pattern (irregular dots/dots in chevrons versus chevrons), the adult SVL (62.1–81.8 versus 96.4), the relative length of digits on one hindlimb (17.6–22.3 versus 16.6), the relative eye length (2.75–3.80 versus 1.83), the relative forelimb length (14.3–18.1 versus 14.2), the relative ear width (0.671–2.04 versus 0.446), the relative head length (15.1–17.7 versus 14.7), the relative postmental width (2.62–2.97 versus 2.47), the relative longest finger length (3.45–3.75 versus 3.11), the relative nasal height (0.953–1.42 versus 0.726), the relative angled subocular width (1.93–2.32 versus 2.90), and the relative nasal width (1.40–1.84 versus 1.11). From C. molesworthi, we distinguish C. capitulatus sp. nov. by the relative length of digits on one hindlimb (17.6–22.3 versus 22.4–29.4), the relative cloacal width (7.84–8.67 versus 8.73–9.35), the relative longest finger length (3.45–3.75 versus 4.28–5.19), the relative distance between the ear and eye (6.45–7.84 versus 7.97–8.83), the relative angled subocular height (0.586–1.01 versus 1.11), the relative distance between the eye and naris (4.57–5.03 versus 5.32–5.50), and the relative width of canthal iii (1.61–1.70 versus 1.99–2.09). From C. occiduus, we distinguish C. capitulatus sp. nov. by the dorsal pattern (irregular dots/dots in chevrons versus absent), the adult SVL (62.1–81.8 versus 269–367), the total lamellae on one hand (25–38 versus 50–66), the total strigae on ten scales (105–192 versus 374), the relative length of digits on one hindlimb (17.6–22.3 versus 24.4–29.7), the relative distance between angled subocular and mouth (0.525–1.17 versus 1.26–1.27), the relative forelimb length (14.3–18.1 versus 23.5–23.9), the relative head length (15.1–17.7 versus 20.4–20.6), the relative mental width (1.28–1.84 versus 1.86), the relative postmental width (2.62–2.97 versus 3.57), the relative cloacal width (7.84–8.67 versus 9.00), the relative prefrontal width (4.30–4.72 versus 4.76), the relative longest finger length (3.45–3.75 versus 4.77–5.46), the relative distance between the ear and eye (6.45–7.84 versus 8.98–10.9), the relative frontal width (78.1–81.6 versus 63.8), the relative angled subocular height (0.586–1.01 versus 1.30), the relative distance between the eye and naris (4.57–5.03 versus 6.51), and the relative angled subocular width (1.93–2.32 versus 2.52). From C. oligolepis sp. nov., we distinguish C. capitulatus sp. nov. by the midbody scale rows (37–47 versus 35). From C. striatus, we distinguish C. capitulatus sp. nov. by the dorsal pattern (irregular dots/dots in chevrons versus absent/chevrons), the adult SVL (62.1–81.8 versus 145), the total lamellae on one hand (25–38 versus 59–66), the total strigae on ten scales (105–192 versus 279), the relative length of digits on one hindlimb (17.6–22.3 versus 37.8), the relative eye length (2.75–3.80 versus 3.85), the relative forelimb length (14.3–18.1 versus 26.1), the relative head length (15.1–17.7 versus 18.9), the relative prefrontal width (4.30–4.72 versus 5.68), the relative largest supraocular width (2.03–2.61 versus 2.63), the relative longest finger length (3.45–3.75 versus 7.48), the relative distance between the ear and eye (6.45–7.84 versus 9.00), the relative head width (71.6–78.6 versus 82.1), the relative frontal width (78.1–81.6 versus 76.5), the relative angled subocular height (0.586–1.01 versus 1.12), and the relative distance between the eye and naris (4.57–5.03 versus 6.16). (Schools & Hedges 2024) |
| Comment | |
| Etymology | Named after Latin capitulatus, a masculine nominative singular adjective (Latin) meaning “small head,” in reference to the relatively small average head length of adults in this species. |
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