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Celestus crusculus (GARMAN, 1887)

IUCN Red List - Celestus crusculus - Least Concern, LC

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Higher TaxaDiploglossidae, Diploglossa, Anguimorpha, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
SubspeciesCelestus crusculus crusculus (GARMAN 1887)
Celestus crusculus cundalli GRANT 1940 
Common NamesE: Jamaican Galliwasp, Garman's Galliwasp 
SynonymDiploglossus crusculus GARMAN 1887:22.
Diploglossus bakeri BOULENGER 1900 (fide BARBOUR 1910)
Celestus crusculus crusculus — GRANT 1940: 102
Diploglossus crusculus crusculus — GREER 1967
Celestus crusculus — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 369
Celestus crusculus — WILSON 2011
Celestus crusculus crusculus — HEDGES et al. 2019
Celestus crusculus — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021

Celestus crusculus cundalli GRANT 1940
Celestus crusculus cundalli GRANT 1940: 157
Celestus crusculus cundalli — GRANT 1940: 103
Celestus crusculus cundalli — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988
Celestus crusculus cundalli — HEDGES et al. 2019
Celestus crusculus cundalli — SCHOOLS & HEDGES 2021 
DistributionJamaica

crusculus: coastal areas of Jamaica; delineation of the range is tentative. Type locality: Kingston, Kingston Parish, Jamaica.

cundalli: interior of Jamaica, at elevations of 2000 to 4000 ft.; Type locality: Mandeville, Manchester Parish, Jamaica. Delineation of the range is tentative.  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: MCZ 6051 (crusculus)
Holotype: CAS-SUR 9298, MCZ 45163 [cundalli]
Holotype: MCZ 45184 [molesworthi] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1151 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentFor illustrations see Schwartz and Henderson, 1985.

Synonymy: BOULENGER (1888: 9) in the Zoological Record of 1888 noted that maculatus is synonymous with striatus.

The classification of C. crusculus by Schools & Hedges 2021 is inconsistent. They treated Celestus crusculus molesworthi as full species status without having DNA sequences and without further comment but left cundalli and crusculus stand as paraphyletic clades, without explicitly changing their status (although they do mention that cundalli may warrant specific status). 
References
  • Barbour, T. 1910. Notes on the herpetology of Jamaica. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 52: 273—301 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, George A. 1900. Description of a new lizard from Jamaica. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7) 6 (32): 193-194 - get paper here
  • Cousens, Penny Norseen 1956. Notes on the Jamaican and Cayman Island lizards of the genus Celestus. Breviora (56): 1-6 - get paper here
  • Garman, S. 1887. On West Indian Geckonidae and Anguide. Bull. Essex Inst. 19: 17-24. - get paper here
  • Garman, S. 1888. Reptiles and batrachians from the Caymans and from the Bahamas. Collected by Prof. C. J. Maynard for the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass. Bull. Essex Inst. 20: 101-113 - get paper here
  • Grant C. 1940. Notes on the reptiles and amphibians of Jamaica, with diagnoses of new species and subspecies. In: Jamaica Today. Hazell, Watson, and Viney, London and Aylesbury, p.151-157.
  • Grant, C. 1940. The herpetology of Jamaica Il. The reptiles. Bull. Inst. Jamaica., Sci. Ser. 1: 61-148.
  • Greer, A.E. 1967. Notes on the mode of reproduction in anguid lizards. Herpetologica 23 (2): 94-99 - get paper here
  • Hedges SB, Powell R, Henderson RW, Hanson S, and Murphy JC 2019. Definition of the Caribbean Islands biogeographic region, with checklist and recommendations for standardized common names of amphibians and reptiles. Caribbean Herpetology 67: 1–53
  • SCHOOLS, MOLLY & S. BLAIR HEDGES 2021. Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae). Zootaxa 4974 (2): 201–257 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Schwartz, A. and Henderson, R.W. 1985. A guide to the identification of the amphibians and reptiles of the West Indies exclusive of Hispaniola. Milwaukee Public Mus., 165 pp.
  • Thomas, R. and S. B. Hedges. 1989. A new Celestus (Sauria: Anguidae) from the Chaine de Ia Selle of Haiti. Copeia 1989 (4): 886-891 - get paper here
  • Wilson, B.S. & Vogel, P. 2000. A survey of the herpetofauna of the Hellshire Hills, Jamaica, including the rediscovery of the Blue-tailed Galliwasp (Celestus duquesneyi Grant). Carib. J. Sci. 36: 244-249
  • Wilson, Byron S. 2011. Conservation of Jamaican amphibians and reptiles. In: Hailey et al., eds, Conservation of Caribbean Island Herpetofaunas Volume 2: 273-310 - get paper here
 
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