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Cercosaura ocellata WAGLER, 1830

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Higher TaxaGymnophthalmidae (Cercosaurinae), Sauria, Gymnophthalmoidea, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Ocellated Tegu
Portuguese: Calango, Calanguinho, Lagartinho-do-Folhiço, Lagartinho, Lagartinho-Listrado, Lagartinho-Pintado, Lagartixa, Lagartixa-Listrada, Lagarto-do-folhiço, Teiú-Pigmeu 
SynonymCercosaura ocellata WAGLER 1830: 158
Euspondylus simonsii BURT & BURT 1931
Cercosaura ocellata ocellata — RUIBAL 1952: 494
Cercosaura ocellata — PETERS et al. 1970: 91
Cercosaura ocellata — DIRKSEN & DE LA RIVA 1999
Cercosaura ocellata ocellata — GORZULA & SEÑARIS 1999
Cercosaura ocellata — DOAN 2003
Cercosaura ocellata — CACCIALI et al. 2016 
DistributionBrazil (Acre, Amapa, Maranhao, Para, Roraima, Bahia, Ceará, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Norte, Rondônia, Roraima, Sao Paulo, Tocantins), Venezuela (Bolívar, Amazonas [HR 32: 275]),
Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Peru (Pasco etc.), Bolivia (La Paz, Pando, Santa Cruz, Beni),
Colombia (Amazonas), Argentina (fide Tedesco 1998), Paraguay (fide Paul Smith, pers. comm., 27 Apr 2014)

Type locality: “Asia”, in error, unknown fide RUIBAL 1952 but possibly Suriname.

Elevation: 0–700 m (maybe 1500 m, DOAN & LAMAR 2012).  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZSM 643/0 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Cercosaura with maximum female SVL 64.9 mm and maximum male SVL 58.0 mm; snout round; frontonasal single; nasal, loreal and frenocular undivided; loreal in contact with first supralabial; four infralabials to posterior margin of eyes; four pairs of chinshields; 10–19 neck scales in a vertical row; 24–34 scales around midbody; dorsal scales hexagonal, keeled and organized in longitudinal rows, twice as long as scales on flanks, 31– 36 along a middorsal line, from occipitals to anterior margin of hind limbs; six longitudinal rows of ventrals; precloacal plate usually with two anterior and two posterior scales in males, two anterior and four posterior scales in females; 3–8 femoral pores on one side in males, 3–7 (exceptionality two) in females; 5–8 lamellae under finger I; head, throat and body ventrally predominantly white or cream (in adult males it may become orange), usually with black blotches (from Sturaro et al. 2018). 
CommentSynonymy: Peters (1862) synonymized Emminia with Cercosaura and considered Pantodactylus Duméril and Bibron, 1839 a subgenus of Cercosaura. O’Shaughnessy (1881) considered Cercosaura olivacea a junior synonym of C. ocellata. Boulenger (1885) synonymized C. olivacea and C. humilis with C. ocellata. Sturaro et al. 2018 revalidated C. olivacea but considered petersi (and humilis) as a synonym of olivacea.

Subspecies: Cercosaura ocellata bassleri RUIBAL 1952 has been elevated to full species by TORRES-CARVAJAL et al. 2015 (who do not make any comments on the status of petersi though). The only character that seems to devide the two (sub-) species completely is an undivided (ocellata) or divided (bassleri) loreal scale, although other distinguishing (but more variable) characters exist.

Distribution: TORRES-CARVAJAL et al. 2015 almost exclusively used samples from Ecuador for their phylogenetic analysis of Cercosaura while Cercosaura ocellata and its subspecies occur over a larger area in South America (mostly Brazil).

Type species: Cercosaura ocellata WAGLER 1830 is the type species of the genus Cercosaura WAGLER 1830. The genus Cercosaura is the type genus of the subfamily Cercosaurinae. Goicoechea et al. 2016 defined the Cercosaurinae to contain 29 genera (Adercosaurus, Amapasaurus, Anadia, Andinosaura, Anotosaura, Arthrosaura, Bachia, Cercosaura, Colobosauroides, Dryadosaura, Echinosaura, Ecpleopus, Euspondylus, Gelanesaurus, Kaieteurosaurus, Leposoma, Loxopholis, Macropholidus, Marinussaurus, Neusticurus, Oreosaurus, Pantepuisaurus, Petracola, Pholidobolus, Placosoma, Potamites, Proctoporus, Riama, Teuchocercus) of which Teuchocercus was synonymized with Echinosaura by Torres-Carvajal et al. 2016). However, Sánchez-Pacheco et al. 2017 and Moravec et al. 2018 included only 15 general in Cercosaurinae (Anadia, Andinosaura, Cercosaura, Echinosaura, Euspondylus, Gelanesaurus, Macropholidus, Neusticurus, Oreosaurus, Petracola, Pholidobolus, Placosoma, Potamites, Proctoporus, and Riama).

Diet: a large percentage of the diet of this species (10-30%) consists of ants (Lucas et al. 2023). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin ocellus = eye, for the eye spots on its side.

The genus was named after Greek cercos = tail and sauros = lizard. Cercosaura is feminine. 
References
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