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Chalcides ragazzii BOULENGER, 1890

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Higher TaxaScincidae, Scincinae, Scincoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Ragazzi's Cylindrical Skink, Ragazzi's Bronze Skink 
SynonymChalcides ocellatus var. ragazzii BOULENGER 1890: 444
Chalcides ocellatus var. humilis BOULENGER 1896: 552
Chalcides ocellatus bottegi PARKER 1932: 337
Chalcides ocellatus humilis — MERTENS 1921: 117
Chalcides ocellatus ragazzii MERTENS 1921: 117
Chalcides ocellatus ragazzii — CALABRESI 1925: 103
Chalcides ragazzii — PASTEUR 1981
Chalcides ragazzii — SCHLEICH, KÄSTLE & KABISCH 1996: 347
Chalcides ragazzii — GREENBAUM et al. 2006
Chalcides cf. humilis — BAHA EL DIN 2006
Chalcides ocellatus humilis — CARRANZA et al. 2008
Chalcides humilis — KORNILIOS et al. 2010
Chalcides ragazzii — LARGEN & SPAWLS 2010: 374
Chalcides cf. humilis — MAZUCH 2013
Chalcides humilis — SPAWLS et al. 2023 
DistributionNiger, N Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, SE Sahara, probably in Sudan (Jumhūriyyat) (L. Chirio, pers. comm.), Djibouti

Type locality: Assab, Eritrea
Type locality: Dahlak Islands, Mareb and Ghinda, Eritrea [humilis]  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesSyntypes: BMNH 1946.8.21.31 (formerly BMNH 96.5.19.50), MSNG 6626 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Chalcides ragazzii is a large, pentadactyl species with unexpanded or slightly expanded vertebral scales, a long tail, a vertebral pale brown or brown stripe with lateral, thin dark brown borders that spans the vertebrals and medial half of the paravertebrals, a cream stripe on the lateral sides of the dorsum, and an irregular dark brown stripe on the flanks; the dorsum, flanks, and tail are extensively to slightly covered with dark brown spots and white ocelli. Chalcides ragazzii is distinguished from C. armitagei by the possession of pentadactyl limbs (tridactyl in C. armitagei), six supralabials (5 in C. armitagei), six infralabials (4 in C. armitagei), one postnasal (absent in C. armitagei), 68–80 ventrals (94–96 in C. armitagei), and 33–39 presacral vertebrae (50–51 in C. armitagei) (Caputo et al., 1995). Chalcides ragazzii is distinguished from C. pulchellus and C. thierryi by having a vertebral pale brown or brown stripe with lateral, thin dark brown borders that spans the vertebrals and medial half of the paravertebrals, a cream stripe on the lateral sides of the dorsum, and an irregular dark brown stripe on the flanks (no stripes in C. pulchellus and C. thierryi), numerous brown spots with white ocelli on the body (no white ocelli in C. pulchellus and C. thierryi), and usually unexpanded or slightly expanded vertebrals (always extensively expanded vertebrals in C. pulchellus and C. thierryi). Differences among populations of C. bottegi, C. ocellatus and C. ragazziii are shown in Table 1. Chalcides ragazzii is distinguished from C. ocellatus by having a vertebral pale brown or brown stripe with lateral, thin dark brown borders that spans the vertebrals and medial half of the paravertebrals, a cream stripe on the lateral sides of the dorsum, and an irregular dark brown stripe on the flanks (no stripes or vertebral stripe spanning vertebrals, paravertebrals, and dorsals lateral to paravertebrals in C. ocellatus), and 22–26 scale rows around midbody (26–32 in C. ocellatus). Chalcides ragazzii is distinguished from C. bottegi by having a vertebral pale brown or brown stripe bordered on each side by a thin, dark brown stripe (pale brown vertebral stripe with brown borders in C. ragazzii; Fig. 7), usually unexpanded or slightly expanded vertebrals (always extensively expanded vertebrals in C. bottegi), 68–80 ventrals (81–92 in C. bottegi), and 33–39 presacral vertebrae (41–43 in C. bottegi) [from GREENBAUM et al. 2006.]
 
CommentDistribution: not in East Africa (S. Spawls, pers. comm., 28 June 2018). Not in Algeria (E Hoggar mountains) fide Greenbaum et al. 2006. 
EtymologyNamed after the collector of the holotype, Dr. V. Ragazzi. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1890. On the varieties of Chalcides ocellatus, Forsk. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 5: 444-445 - get paper here
  • Calabresi, Enrica 1925. Anfibi e rettili raccolti dal Signor Ugo Ignesti nell'Abissinia settentrionale. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano 64: 100-109 - get paper here
  • Carranza, S.; E.N. Arnold, Ph. Geniez, J. Roca and J.A. Mateo 2008. Radiation, multiple dispersal and parallelism in the skinks, Chalcides and Sphenops (Squamata: Scincidae), with comments on Scincus and Scincopus and the age of the Sahara Desert. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46 (3): 1071-1094 - get paper here
  • Greenbaum, E.; Campbell, A.C. & Raxworthy, C.J. 2006. A revision of sub-saharan Chalcides (Squamata: Scincidae) with redescriptions of two East African species. Herpetologica 62 (1): 71-89 - get paper here
  • Ineich, I. 1999. Reptiles & Amphibiens de la République de Djibouti. BNDB, UICN, PNUD, Djibouti & MNHN, Paris, 60 pp. - get paper here
  • Kornilios, P.; P. Kyriazi, N. Poulakakis, Y. Kumlutaş, Ç. Ilgaz, M. Mylonas, P. Lymberakis 2010. Phylogeography of the ocellated skink Chalcides ocellatus (Squamata, Scincidae), with the use of mtDNA sequences: A hitch-hiker’s guide to the Mediterranean. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54 (2): 445-456 - get paper here
  • Lanza, B. 1990. Amphibians and reptiles of the Somali Democratic Republic: check list and biogeography. Biogeographia, 14: 407-465 [1988] - get paper here
  • Largen, M.J.; Spawls, S. 2006. Lizards of Ethiopia (Reptilia Sauria): an annotated checklist, bibliography, gazetteer and identification. Tropical Zoology 19 (1): 21-109 - get paper here
  • Largen, M.J.; Spawls, S. 2010. Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 694 pp.
  • Mazuch, Tomáš 2013. Amphibians and Reptiles of Somaliland and Eastern Ethiopia. Tomáš Mazuch Publishing, 80 pp. ISBN: 978-80-905439-0-4 - get paper here
  • Mertens,R. 1921. Zur Kenntnis der geographischen Formen von Chalcides ocellatus FORSKAL (Rept., Lac.). Senckenbergiana 3: 116-120 - get paper here
  • Pasteur,G. 1981. A survey of the species groups of the the old world scincid genus Chalcides. Journal of Herpetology 15 (1): 1-16 - get paper here
  • Schleich, H.H., Kästle,W., Kabisch, K. 1996. Amphibians and Reptiles of North Africa. Koeltz, Koenigstein, 627 pp.
  • Spawls, Stephen; Tomáš Mazuch & Abubakr Mohammad 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of North-east Africa. Bloomsbury, 640 pp. - get paper here
 
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