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Chilabothrus monensis (ZENNECK, 1898)

IUCN Red List - Chilabothrus monensis - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaBoidae (Boinae), Henophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Mona Boa, Mona Island Boa; granti: Virgin Islands boa
G: Mona-Schlankboa 
SynonymEpicrates monensis ZENNECK 1898: 64
Epicrates gracilis monensis — STIMSON 1969
Epicrates monensis — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1988
Epicrates monensis — SCHWARTZ & HENDERSON 1991: 608
Epicrates monensis — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 198
Chilabothrus monensis — REYNOLDS et al. 2013
Epicrates monensis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 274
Chilabothrus monensis — RODRÍGUEZ-ROBLES et al. 2015
Chilabothrus monensis — REYNOLDS & HENDERSON 2018: 13 
DistributionPuerto Rico (Mona Island)

Type locality: Mona Island, near Puerto Rico.  
Reproductionviviparous 
TypesSyntypes: ZMH, now destroyed 
DiagnosisDESCRIPTION: Maximum SVL 770 mm (but Meerwarth, 1901, reported that 1 of the syntypes had a SVL of 1010 mm); scale rows on neck 34-39; midbody scale rows 39-48; ventrals 261-271 in males, 261-266 in females; subcaudals 80-81 in males, 82-84 in females; ventrals + subcaudals 345-347 in males, 345-348 in females; head scale formula 3-1-5. Dorsum gray-brown; dorsal pattern of 47-73 angulate, dark chocolate-brown blotches, extending from dorsal midline to junction of dorsal and ventral scales; some blotches divided longitudinally to produce a scattered series of isolated, dark ventrolateral blotches; blotches outlined in dark pigment, pale centrally; head pattern obsolescent; venter immaculate to heavily s~ppled with dark brown; chin and throat patternless; about 10-23 tail blotches, the posteriormost caudal blotches forming complete or almost complete rings around tail (Schwartz & Henderson 1991: 608). 
CommentIllustrations: Grant, 1932; MacLean, 1982; Schwartz and Henderson, 1985; Tolson, 1987; Tolson, 1989.

Subspecies: Chilabothrus monensis granti (STULL 1933) has been elevated to full species status.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after the type locality. 
References
  • Campbell, H.W. & F.G. Thompson 1978. Observations on a captive Mona Island Boa, Epicrates monensis monensis Zenneck Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 14(2): 98-99. - get paper here
  • Grant, C. 1932. Notes on the boas of Puerto Rico and Mona. J. Dept. Agric. Puerto Rico. 16 (3):327-29.
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • MacLean, W.P. 1982. Reptiles and amphibians of the Virgin Islands. MacMillan Caribbean, London: vii + 54 pp.
  • Mayer,G.C. & Lazell,J. 1988. Distributional records for reptiles and amphibians from the Puerto Rico Bank. Herpetological Review 19 91): 23-24 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Nellis,D.W.; Norton,,R.L. & MacLean,W.P. 1983. On the biogeography of the Virgin Island Boa, Epicrates monensis granti. Journal of Herpetology 17 (4): 413-417 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Reynolds, R. Graham and Robert W. Henderson 2018. Boas of the World (Superfamily Booidae): A Checklist With Systematic, Taxonomic, and Conservation Assessments. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Sep 2018, Vol. 162, No. 1: 1-58. - get paper here
  • Reynolds, R.G.; Matthew L. Niemiller; S. Blair Hedges; Alex Dornburg; Alberto R. Puente-Rolón; Liam J. Revell 2013. Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of West Indian boid snakes (Chilabothrus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution - get paper here
  • Rodriguez-Robles, Javier A., Tereza Jezkova, Matthew K. Fujita, Peter J. Tolson, Miguel A. Garcia 2015. Genetic divergence and diversity in the Mona and Virgin Islands Boas, Chilabothrus monensis (Epicrates monensis) (Serpentes: Boidae), West Indian snakes of special conservation concern. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 88: 144-153; doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.019 - get paper here
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1988. West Indian Amphibian and Reptiles: A Checklist. Milwaukee Publ. Mus. Contr. Biol. Geol. No. 74: 264 pp.
  • Schwartz, A. & Henderson, R.W. 1991. Amphibians and Reptiles of the West Indies. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 720 pp.
  • Schwartz, A. and Henderson, R.W. 1985. A guide to the identification of the amphibians and reptiles of the West Indies exclusive of Hispaniola. Milwaukee Public Mus., 165 pp.
  • Stull, O.G. 1933. Two new subspecies of the family Boidae. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan (267): 1-4. - get paper here
  • Tolson, P.J. 1987. Phylogenetics of the boid snake genus Epicrates and Caribbean vicariance theory. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan (715): 1-68. - get paper here
  • Tolson, P.J. 1989. Breeding the Virgin Islands boa Epicrates monensis granti at the Toledo Zoological Gardens. Int. Zoo Yrbk. 28:163-67. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zenneck, J. 1898. Die Zeichnung der Boiden. Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool. 64:1-384. - get paper here
 
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