Chilorhinophis gerardi (BOULENGER, 1913)

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Higher Taxa	Atractaspididae (Aparallactinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies	Chilorhinophis gerardi tanganyikae LOVERIDGE 1951 Chilorhinophis gerardi gerardi (BOULENGER 1913)
Common Names	E: Congo Two-headed Snake, Gerard's Black And Yellow Burrowing Snake tanganyikae: Western Tanganyika Two-headed Snake
Synonym	Apostolepis gerardi BOULENGER 1913: 103 Parkerophis gerardi — BARBOUR & AMARAL 1927 Chilorhinophis gerardi — DE WITTE & LAURENT 1947: 54 Chilorhinophis gerardi gerardi — LOVERIDGE 1958 Chilorhinophis gerardi gerardi — BROADLEY 1959 Chilorhinophis gerardi — FRANK & RAMUS 1995 Chilorhinophis gerardi — WELCH 1994: 43 Chilorhiniophis [sic] gerardi — BROADLEY 1998 Chilorhinophis gerardi — BROADLEY et al. 2003: 96 Chilorhinophis gerardi — BROADLEY & BLAYLOCK 2013: 256 Chilorhinophis gerardi — WALLACH et al. 2014: 158 Chilorhinophis gerardi — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 465 Chilorhinophis gerardi — PIETERSEN et al. 2021 Chilorhinophis gerardi tanganyikae LOVERIDGE 1951: 195 Chilorhinophis gerardi tanganyikae LOVERIDGE 1958 Chilorhinophis gerardi tanganyikae — BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991: 29
Distribution	S Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), Zambia, Zimbabwe, Tanzania Terra typica: Kikondja (Katanga) [Congo] tanganyikae: W Tanzania, SE Zaire, N Zambia; Type locality: Nyamkolo, Lake Tanganyika, Zambia.
Reproduction	oviparous
Types	Holotype: RMCA (= MRAC) 1205, a 315 mm male (Gérard). holotype: MCZ R-30402 [tanganyikae]
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Comment	Venomous! Taxonomy: BROADLEY et al. 2003 listed this species under Atractaspididae: Aparallactinae. Habitat: dry savannah
Etymology	Named after Dr. Pol Gerard (1886-1961) a physician, histologist, anatomist, and naturalist and Professor of Histology and (1931-1961) at the Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique. Gerard collected the holotype. C. g. tanganyikae was named after its type locality near Lake Tanganyika.
References	Barbour, T.; Amaral, A. D. 1927. Studies on African Ophidia. Bull. Antivenin Inst. America 1 (1): 25-27 Battersby, J.C. 1950. A new amphisbaenid lizard from Tanganika territory and notes on the rare snake Chilorhinophis. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (12) 3: 413-417 - get paper here Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here Boulenger, G. A. 1913. Description de deux reptiles nouveaux provenant du Katanga. Revue Zoologique Africaine, 3:103-105 - get paper here Broadley, D. & Blaylock 2013. The Snakes of Zimbabwe and Botswana. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 387 pp. [book review in Sauria 35 (2): 59 and Copeia 2014: 388] - get paper here Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70 Broadley, D.G. 1959. The herpetology of Southern Rhodesia. Part I--the snakes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 120 (1): 1-100 [reprint 1972] - get paper here Broadley, D.G.; Doria, C.T. & Wigge, J. 2003. Snakes of Zambia. An Atlas and Field Guide. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 280 pp. [review in Sauria 26 (3): 21] Broadley, Donald G. and F. P. D. Cotterill. 2004. The reptiles of southeast Katanga, an overlooked 'hot spot'. [Congo]. African Journal of Herpetology 53 (1): 35-61. - get paper here Chifundera, K. 1990. Snakes of Zaire and their bites. Afr. Stud. Monogr. (Kyoto) 10(3): 137-157. Chippaux, Jean-Philippe & Kate Jackson 2019. Snakes of Central and Western Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press, 448 pp. [detaileld review in HR 51 (1): 161] - get paper here Haagner,G.V.; Branch,W.R. & Haagner,A.J.F. 2000. Notes on a collection of reptiles from Zambia and adjacent areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Annals of the Eastern Cape Museum 1: 1 – 25 Loveridge, A. 1951. On reptiles and amphibians from Tanganyika Territory collected by C.J.P. Ionides. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. Harvard 106 (4): 175- 204. - get paper here Loveridge,A. 1958. Revision of five african snake genera. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 119: 1-198 (141) - get paper here O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here Pietersen, Darren, Verburgt, Luke & Davies, John 2021. Snakes and other reptiles of Zambia and Malawi. Struik Nature / Penguin Random House South Africa, 376 pp., ISBN 9781775847373 Spawls, S.; Howell, K.; Drewes, R.C. & Ashe, J. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, 543 pp. [reviews in HR 34: 396 and Afr. J. Herp. 51; 147] - get paper here Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp. Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp. Witte, G. F. de & LAURENT,R.F. 1947. Revision d'un groupe de Colubridae africains: genres Calamelaps, Miodon, Aparallactus, et formes affines. Mém. Mus. Roy. Hist. Nat. Belgique (sér. 2) 29: 1-134 - get paper here
External links	IUCN Red List National Center for Biotechnology Information Google images

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