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Chironius fuscus (LINNAEUS, 1758)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Brown Sipo
Portuguese: Araboia, Araboia, Caninana-Marrom, Cobra-Cipó, Cobra-Cipó-de-Rio, Cobra-Espada, Espia-Caminho, Papa-Ovo, Sacaiboia, Sururucu-de-Fogo, Uirápiagara, Uropiagara 
SynonymColuber fuscus LINNAEUS 1758: 222
Coluber saturninus LINNAEUS 1758: 223
Dendrophis viridis DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 202
Herpetodryas fuscus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 209
Herpetodryas sebastus COPE 1861: 562
Herpetodryas holochlorus COPE 1875: 178
Herpetodryas fuscus — BOULENGER 1894: 75
Herpetodryas schlütteri WERNER 1899 (fide AMARAL 1930)
Herpetodryas schlütteri — AMARAL 1930: 15
Herpetodryas vicinus BOULENGER 1915: 660
Chironius fuscus — AMARAL 1930: 161
Chironius fuscus — BEEBE 1946: 22
Chironius fuscus — PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970: 60
Herpetodryas holochloris — MALNATE 1971 (in error)
Chironius cinnamomeus — CUNHA & NASCIMENTO 1978 (fide STARACE 1998)
Chironius fuscus — GASC & RODRIGUES 1980
Chironius fuscus — DIXON et al. 1993: 113
Chironius fuscus — STARACE 1998: 150
Chironius fuscus — GORZULA & SEÑARIS 1999
Chironius fuscus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 160
Chironius fuscus — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Chironius fuscus — BERNAL & DUBOIS 2023 
DistributionSE Colombia, S Venezuela,
Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana,
E/C Brazil (Amazonas, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara, and Sao Paulo, Pará, Mato Grosso, Roraima, Piaui), E Peru (Pasco etc.), Ecuador, N Bolivia (Beni)

Type locality: “Asia” (in error)  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: NRM (NHRM) 34 (fide Andersson,1899) (fuscus)
Holotype: ANSP 11543; Peru, Marañon [holochlorus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Dorsal scales in 10 (0) or 10-8 (8) rows, anal single; vertebral keels very weak or absent; upper lips light all around; ventrals 144-153; maxillary teeth 41-45 [from BAILEY 1955].


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CommentSynonymy after PETERS & OREJAS-MIRANDA 1970 and DIXON et al. 1993.

Subspecies: Chironius fuscus leucometapus has been elevated to full species status by Hollis 2006.

Distribution: not in Panama fide WILSON et al. 2010. Map in DIXON et al. 1993: 111. See map in Nogueira et al. 2019.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “fuscus”, meaning dark or dusky. 
References
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https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Chironius&species=fuscus

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