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Chironius laevicollis (WIED-NEUWIED, 1824)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Brazilian Sipo
G: Glatthälsige Natter
Portuguese: Caninana-Preta, Caninana, Caninana-Marrom, Cobra-Cipó, Cobra-Cipó-de-Cabeça-Preta, Cobra-Espada, Papa-Pinto 
SynonymColuber laevicollis WIED 1824: 666
Coluber laevicollis — SCHLEGEL 1826: 288
Erpetodryas laevicolis (WIED) — BOIE 1826
Herpetodryas laevicollis (WIED) — WAGLER 1830
Hylophis laevicollis (WIED) — FITZINGER 1843
Herpetodryas carinatus (not of LINNAEUS) — BOULENGER 1894
Chironius laevicollis (WIED) — BAILEY 1955
Shironius laevicollis — HOGE 1964: 75 (in error)
Chironius laevicollis — HOLLIS 2006
Chironius laevicollis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 161
Chironius laevicollis — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019
Chironius laevicollis — BERNAL & DUBOIS 2023 
DistributionSE Brazil (Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, S Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Bahia [HR 27: 212])

Type locality: Fazenda of Muribeca on the lower Rio Itabapoana, the state border of Espirito Santo with Rio de Janeiro.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: nondesignated and unlocated (DIXON et al. 1993: 135) 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Dorsal formula usually 10-12-10 in females, 10-12-10-8 in males; head above lip line black, body dark anteriorly, light posteriorly; abdominals 156-165; only paravertebral rows keeled and these not strongly so; maxillary teeth 32-38 [from BAILEY 1955; more recent diagnosis in DIXON et al. 1993: 135].


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CommentDistribution: No type locality was given and no specific type specimen was designed by Wied (1824) in his brief original description. Map in DIXON et al. 1993: 137. See map in Nogueira et al. 2019.

Illustration: Color image on cover of Phyllomedusa 2 (1) [2003]. This species shows ontogenetic color changes as most species of Chironius, namely from green to brownish to almost black.

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin laevis, smooth; slippery, polished, plain + Latin collum, colli, neck; throat; head and neck. (Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., April 2024) 
References
  • ARAÚJO, GABRIELI S.; SELMA M. ALMEIDA-SANTOS, SERENA N. MIGLIORE & LUIS M. LOBO. 2022. CHIRONIUS LAEVICOLLIS (Brazilian Sipo). MATING BEHAVIOR. Herpetological Review 53 (2): 335–336.
  • Bailey, Joseph R. 1955. The snakes of the genus Chironius in southeastern South America. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (571): 1-21 - get paper here
  • Bernal, Rodrigo & Alain Dubois 2023. Chironius scurrula, the correct nomen for Chironius scurrulus (Squamata, Serpentes, Colubridae), with a list of the correct spellings of specific epithets currently in use in this genus. Bionomina 34: 035–044 - get paper here
  • Bérnils, R.S.; Batista, M.A. & Bertelli, P.W. 2001. Cobras e lagartos do Vale: levantamento das espécies de Squamata (Reptilia, Lepidosauria) da Bacia do Rio Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Rev. Est. Ambientais (Blumenau) 3 (1): 69-79
  • Cicchi, P.J.P., M.A. Sena, D.M. Peccinini-Seale, and M.R. Duarte. 2007. Snakes from coastal islands of State of São Paulo,Southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 17: 227–240 - get paper here
  • Cruz Centeno, Fernanda da; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya & Otavio Augusto Vuolo Marques 2008. Snake assemblage of Ilha de São Sebastião, southeastern Brazil: comparison to mainland. Biota Neotropica 8 (3): 63-68 - get paper here
  • DA SILVA BANCI, KARINA RODRIGUES; MURILO GUIMARÃES, LUCAS HENRIQUE CARVALHO SIQUEIRA, EDELCIO MUSCAT, IVAN SAZIMA & OTAVIO AUGUSTO VUOLO MARQUES. 2022. Body shape and diet reflect arboreality degree of five congeneric snakes sympatric in the Atlantic forest. Biotropica 54(4): 839–851. - get paper here
  • Dainesi, Raiane Lesley Santos; Arthur Diesel Abegg, Paulo Sérgio Bernarde, Bruno Peña Correa, Laís Pio Caetano Machado, Afonso Santiago de Oliveira Meneses, Arthur de Sena Santos 2019. Integrative overview of snake species from Londrina, State of Paraná, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 12: 419-430 - get paper here
  • Fiorillo BF, Silva BR, Menezes FA, Marques OAV, Martins M 2020. Composition and Natural History of Snakes from Etá Farm region, Sete Barras, south-eastern Brazil. ZooKeys 931: 115-153 - get paper here
  • Gonzalez R. C. et al. 2020. Lista dos Nomes Populares dos Répteis no Brasil – Primeira Versão. Herpetologia Brasileira 9 (2): 121 – 214 - get paper here
  • Hamdan, B. & R. M. Lira-da-Silva 2012. The snakes of Bahia State, northeastern Brazil: species richness, composition and biogeographical notes. Salamandra 48 (1): 31-50 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Hoge, Alphonse Richard & Nina, A.C.M. 1964. Serpentes coletadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia. Mem. Inst. Butantan 30 [1960-1962]: 71-96 - get paper here
  • Hollis, J.L. 2006. Phylogenetics of the genus Chironius Fitzinger 1826 (Serpenes, Colubridae) based on morphology. Herpetologica 62 (4): 435-452 - get paper here
  • Marques, O.A.V. & Sazima, I. 2003. Ontogenetic color changes may strengthen suggestion about systematic affinities between two species of Chironius (Serpentes, Colubridae). Phyllomedusa 2 (1): 65-68 - get paper here
  • Marques, Otavio A. V.;Puorto, Giuseppe 1996. Geographic Distribution. Chironius laevicollis. Herpetological Review 27 (4): 212 - get paper here
  • Nogueira, Cristiano C.; Antonio J.S. Argôlo, Vanesa Arzamendia, Josué A. Azevedo, Fausto E. Barbo, Renato S. Bérnils, Bruna E. Bolochio, Marcio Borges-Martins, Marcela Brasil-Godinho, Henrique Braz, Marcus A. Buononato, Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia, 2019. Atlas of Brazilian snakes: verified point-locality maps to mitigate the Wallacean shortfall in a megadiverse snake fauna. South American J. Herp. 14 (Special Issue 1):1-274 - get paper here
  • Oliveira Lula Salles, R. de & Silva-Soares, T. 2010. Répteis do município de Duque de Caxias, Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Sudeste do Brasil. Biotemas, 23 (2): 135-144
  • Oliveira, Jane C.F.; Rodrigo Castellari Gonzalez; Paulo Passos; Davor Vrcibradic & Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha 2020. Non-Avian Reptiles of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: status of knowledge and commented list. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 60: e20206024 - get paper here
  • Pontes, J.A.L.; Figueiredo, J.P., Pontes, RC. and Rocha, C.F.D. 2008. Snakes from the Atlantic Rainforest area of Serra do Mendanha, in Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil: a first approximation to the taxocenosis composition. Braz. J. Biol. 68(3): 601-609 - get paper here
  • Roberto, I. J. and Souza, A. R. 2020. Review of prey items recorded for snakes of the genus Chironius (Squamata, Colubridae), including the first record of Osteocephalus as prey. Herpetology Notes 13: 1-5. - get paper here
  • ROCHA, CARLOS FREDERICO D.; HELENA G.BERGALLO, JOSÉ P. POMBAL JR., LENA GEISE, MONIQUE VAN SLUYS, RONALDO FERNANDES, ULISSES CARAMASCHI 2004. FAUNA DE ANFÍBIOS, RÉPTEIS E MAMÍFEROS DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, SUDESTE DO BRASIL. Publ. Avul. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro (104): 3-23 - get paper here
  • Rojas-Padilla O, Menezes VQ, Dias IR, Argôlo AJS, Solé M, Orrico VGD 2020. Amphibians and reptiles of Parque Nacional da Serra das Lontras: an important center of endemism within the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil. ZooKeys 1002: 159-185 - get paper here
  • Schlegel, H. 1826. Erpetologische Nachrichten. Isis von Oken 22 (3): 281-294 [published 1826, not 1827 as sometimes cited, see Savage et al. 2007 BZN 64: 255, case 3345 and case 3357, BZN 63: 267] - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal, O., Echevarría, L.Y., Lobos, S.E., Venegas, P.J., Kok, P.J.R. 2018. Phylogeny, diversity and biogeography of Neotropical sipo snakes (Serpentes: Colubrinae: Chironius). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130: 315-329 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wied-Neuwied, M. 1824. Verzeichniss der Amphibien, welche im zweyten Bande der Naturgeschichte Brasiliens vom Prinz Max von Neuwied werden beschrieben werden. Isis von Oken 14: 661—673 [columns] - get paper here
  • Zaher, Hussam; Fausto Erritto BarboI; Paola Sanchez Martínez; Cristiano Nogueira; Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues; Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 2011. Répteis do Estado de São Paulo: conhecimento atual e perspectivas. Biota Neotropica, 11 (1): 1–15. - get paper here
 
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