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Cnemaspis sundainsula GRISMER, WOOD, ANUAR, RIYANTO, AHMAD, MUIN, SUMONTHA, GRISMER, ONN, QUAH & PAUWELS, 2014

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Higher TaxaGekkonidae, Gekkota, Sauria, Squamata (lizards: geckos)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymCnemaspis sundainsula GRISMER, WOOD, ANUAR, RIYANTO, AHMAD, MUIN, SUMONTHA, GRISMER, ONN, QUAH & PAUWELS 2014: 103
Gonatodes kendallii — GÜNTHER 1895:500
Gonatodes kendallii — DE ROOIJ 1915:26 (in part)
Cnemaspis cf. nigridia — LEONG et al. 2003:170
Cnemaspis kendallii — DAS & BAUER 1998:13
Cnemaspis sundainsula — HERLAMBANG et al. 2022 
DistributionIndonesia (Bunguran [Great Natuna] Island)

Type locality: Mount Ranai, Bunguran Timur district , Natuna Regency , Kepulauan Riau Province, Bunguran (Great Natuna) Island, Indonesia (03°57’24.5”N, 108°21’08.3”E) at 345 m elevation.  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: MZB Lace 9438, Adult male collected by Awal Riyanto on 24 October 2011.
Paratypes. Adult male paratypes MZB.Lace 9436–37 and adult female paratypes MZB.Lace 9439–40 have the same data as the holotype except that MZB.Lace 9440 was collected on 25 October 2011; adult maleTNHC 64276, adult female TNHC 62277 and adult male MZB.Lace.4621 were collected on 3 April 2003 by B. J. Evans, Mohd. Iqbal Setiadi and Gandhi Probowo from Mount Ranai, Bunguran Timur District, Natuna Regency , Kepulauan Riau Province, Bunguran Island, Indonesia (03°57.381’ N, 108°21.319’ E); adult female USNM28139 was collected on 2 July1900 by W. L. Abbott from Bunguran (=Pulau Natuna Besar), Kepulauan Riau Province, Indonesia (03°57.381’ N, 108°21.319’ E); adult males MZB.Lace 10156 and 10159 were collected on 26 August 2013 and 27 August 2013, respectively by Awal Riyanto and Zamri at Ceruk Forest Conserve, Selemam Village, Bungaran Timur Laut District, Natuna Regency, Kepulauan Riau Province, Bunguran Island, Indonesia(03o58’31.6” N, 108o17’52.2” E) at 51 m above sea level; and adult males MZB.Lace 10160–61 were collected on 28 August 2013 by Awal Riyanto and Zamri at Gunung Air Hiu Recreation Area, Ceruk Village, Bungaran Timur Laut District, Natuna Regency, Kepulauan Riau Province, Bunguran Island , Indonesia (03°59’03.7” N, 108°19’06.0”E) at 117 m above sea level. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Maximum SVL 84.5 mm; 8–11 supralabials; 7–10 infralabials; ventral scales keeled; no precloacal pores; 26–37 paravertebral tubercles; tubercles linearly arranged, preent on flanks but absent in lateral caudal furrows; ventrolateral caudal tubercles present; lateral row of caudal tubercles present; caudal tubercles not encircling tail; subcaudals smooth but bearing an enlarged median row of smooth scales occasionally posteriorly; 2–4 postcloacal tubercles on each side of tail base; no enlarged femoral or subtibial scales; submetatarsal scales of first toe weakly enlarged to enlarged; subtibials keeled; 25–29 subdigital fourth toe lamellae; small, light-colored round sponts on flanks; gukar region, throat, and lateral sections of abdomen orange; anterior subcaudal region yellow, posterior region white (Tables 6,7 in Grismer et al. 2014).
 
CommentSympatry: Cnemaspis sundainsula sp. nov. occurs syntopically with C. mumpuniae sp. nov. and Cyrtodactylus hikidai Riyanto when the latter two species occur on granite boulders.

Abundance: only known from its original description (Meiri et al. 2017).

Distribution: See map in Grismer et al. 2014: 18 (Fig. 4). 
EtymologyThe specific epithet sundainsula is derived from the word Sunda which originally referred to a Hindu Kingdom in western Java existing from 669–1579. Sunda is now commonly used as an adjective associated with particular geographic features in the western regions of Southeast Asia associated with the South China Sea and its fringing continental areas. The Latin insula (singular) means island and sundainsula is an invariable noun in apposition in reference to this species being endemic to an island on the submerged Sunda Plains. 
References
  • Grismer, L.L.; PERRY JR L. WOOD, SHAHRUL ANUAR, AWAL RIYANTO, NORHAYATI AHMAD, MOHD A. MUIN, MONTRI SUMONTHA, JESSE L. GRISMER, CHAN KIN ONN, EVAN S. H. QUAH, OLIVIER S. A. PAUWELS 2014. Systematics and natural history of Southeast Asian Rock Geckos (genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) with descriptions of eight new species from Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Zootaxa 3880 (1): 001–147 - get paper here
  • Meiri, Shai; Aaron M. Bauer, Allen Allison, Fernando Castro-Herrera, Laurent Chirio, Guarino Colli, Indraneil Das, Tiffany M. Doan, Frank Glaw, Lee L. Grismer, Marinus Hoogmoed, Fred Kraus, Matthew LeBreton, Danny Meirte, Zoltán T. Nagy, Cristiano d 2017. Extinct, obscure or imaginary: the lizard species with the smallest ranges. Diversity and Distributions - get paper here
  • Nguyen, H.N., Hung, C., Yang, M. et al. 2020. Sympatric competitors have driven the evolution of temporal activity patterns in Cnemaspis geckos in Southeast Asia. Sci Rep 10: 27 - get paper here
  • RIYANTO, AWAL; MISBAHUL MUNIR, ANDRI I. S. MARTAMENGGALA, YULI SULISTYA FITRIANA, AMIR HAMIDY 2019. Hiding in plain sight on Gunung Muria: A new species and first record of rock gecko (Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887; Squamata, Gekkonidae) from Java, Indonesia. Zootaxa 4608 (1): 155–173 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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