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Conophis vittatus PETERS, 1860

IUCN Red List - Conophis vittatus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Striped Road Guarder
S: Guarda Caminos Listada 
SynonymConophis vittatus PETERS 1860: 519
Conophis sumichrasti viduus COPE 1876: 137
Conophis sumichrastii sumichrastii COPE 1876: 137
Conophis vittatus — COPE 1900: 1095
Conophis vittatus sumichrastii — COPE 1900: 1095
Conophis viduus — SMITH 1939: 31
Conophis vittatus — SMITH 1939: 31
Conophis vittatus vittatus — SMITH 1941: 119
Conophis vittatus viduus — SMITH 1941: 120
Conophis vittatus viduus — SMITH 1950: 340
Conophis vittatus vittatus — ALVAREZ DEL TORO & SMITH 1956: 13
Conophis vittatus — HOGWE 1958: 53
Conophis vittatus — VILLA et al. 1988
Conophis vittatus — LINER 1994
Conophis vittatus — KÖHLER 2008: 212
Conophis vittatus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 180 
DistributionSE Mexico (Chiapas, Jalisco, Morelos, Mexico [HR 35: 190], Puebla, Guerrero), W Guatemala

viduus: Mexico (Oaxaca); Type locality: Tehuantepec.

Type locality: see comment  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 3819
Holotype: USNM 30259 [viduus]
Lectotype: USNM 29123, designation by Smith and Taylor 1945: 44 [Conophis sumichrasti] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Chin and labial borders white, not pigmented; usually seven supralabials; first scale row not pigmented; four dark stripes on posterior part of body, the lateral stripes covering less than two scale rows, the median pair separated by a light middorsal area one and two half scale rows wide. (Smith 1941)


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CommentSubspecies: recent authors such as WALLACH et al. 2014: 178 do not recognize the subspecies viduus.

Distribution: Not listed in Liner 2007 for Mexico. Probably also in Durango. The ZMB catalogue entry for this specimen lists Guatemala as the locality and indicates that the dealer from whom the specimen had been purchased had initially given New Orleans as the point of origin [fide BAUER et al.1995]). Not in Durango fide Lemos-Espinal (2018).

Type species: Conophis vittatus PETERS 1860 is the type species of the genus Conophis PETERS 1860: 519.

Synonymy: Kaiser et al. 2013 considered the generic name Whittonserpens Hoser 2012 invalid and rejected its use instead of Conophis. 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “vittatus” for ribbon, or decorated by a ribbon, referring to the dorsal stripes in the species.

The genus was named after Greek konos (κώνος), cone; pine-cone + Greek ophis (ὄφις), a serpent, snake. ["...κώνος, ὄφις…"]. 
References
  • Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L 2021. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. ZooKeys 1054: 127-153 - get paper here
  • Alvarez DEL TORO, M. 1982. Los Reptiles de Chiapas. 3rd ed. México: Tuxtla Gutiérrez, 248 pp.
  • Álvarez DEL TORO, M., & SMITH, H. M. 1956. Notulae herpetologicae Chiapasiae. I. Herpetologica 12: 3-17 - get paper here
  • Bauer, A.M.; Günther,R. & Klipfel,M. 1995. The herpetological contributions of Wilhelm C.H. Peters (1815-1883). SSAR Facsimile Reprints in Herpetology, 714 pp.
  • Camarillo,R.J.L. 1995. Distribution records for some amphibians and reptiles from Mexico. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 31 (4): 195-197 - get paper here
  • Casas-Andreu, G., F.R. Méndez-De la Cruz and X. Aguilar-Miguel. 2004. Anfibios y Reptiles; pp. 375–390, in A.J.M. García-Mendoza, J. Ordoñez and M. Briones-Salas (ed.). Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biología, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueño para la Conservación de la Naturaleza-World Wildlife Fund, México, D. F.
  • Castro-Franco, Rubén, María Guasalupe Bustos-Zagal 1994. List of reptiles of Morelos, Mexico, and their distribution in relation to vegetation types. Southwestern Naturalist 39 (2): 171-175 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1900. The crocodilians, lizards and snakes of North America. Ann. Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1898: 153-1270 - get paper here
  • Cruz-Sáenz, D., D. Lazcano and B. Navarro-Velazquez 2017. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Western Mexico 16: A New Food Item for the Striped Road Guarder, Conophis vittatus (W. C. H. Peters, 1860). Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 52: 80 - get paper here
  • Davis, William B.; Smith, Hobart M. 1953. Snakes of the Mexican state of Morelos. Herpetologica 8: 133-149 - get paper here
  • Dowling, H.G. 2002. “Intraspecific variation of the hemipenis”, a correction , with comments on other erroneous descriptions. Herpetological Review 33 (1): 12-14 - get paper here
  • García, A. & Ceballos, G. 1994. GUIA DE CAMPO DE LOS REPTILES Y ANFIBIOS DE LA COSTA DE JALISCO, MEXICO. FUNDACION ECOLOGICA DE CUIXMALA, A.C. INSTITUTO DE BIOLOGIA, UNAM - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Hernández-Gallegos, Oswaldo, Juan Manuel Carmen-Cristóbal, Jair Ricardo Malvaez-Estrada, Carlos Alejandro Rangel-Patiño, Gisela Granados-González and María De Lourdes Ruiz-Gómez. 2014. Geographical Distribution: Conophis vittatus (striped road guarder). Herpetological Review 45 (4): 663 - get paper here
  • HOGE, A.R. 1958. Die Systematische Stellung von Xenodon punctatus Peters, 1880 und Philodryas taeniatus Hensel, 1868. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 34:49-56 - get paper here
  • Hoser, R.T. 2012. A division of Central American snake genera, Coniophanes Hallowell in Cope, 1860 [sic] into six subgenera and Conophis Peters, 1860 into two genera (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae). Australasian J. Herpetol. 13:55–60. - get paper here
  • Johnson, Jerry D.; Vicente Mata-Silva, Elí García Padilla, and Larry David Wilson 2015. The Herpetofauna of Chiapas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 272–329. - get paper here
  • Kaiser, H.; Crother, B.I.; Kelly, C.M.R.; Luiselli, L.; O’Shea, M.; Ota, H.; Passos, P.; Schleip, W.D. & Wüster, W. 2013. Best Practices: In the 21st Century, Taxonomic Decisions in Herpetology are Acceptable Only When Supported by a Body of Evidence and Published via Peer-Review. Herpetological Review 44 (1): 8-23
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A conservation checklist of the herpetofauna of Morelos, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 941: 121-144 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of the State of Mexico, Mexico with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 953: 137-159 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Pierce LJS, Painter CW 2020. The amphibians and reptiles of Colima, Mexico, with a summary of their conservation status. ZooKeys 927: 99-125 - get paper here
  • Mata-Silva, Vicente, Jerry D. Johnson, Larry David Wilson and Elí García-Padilla. 2015. The herpetofauna of Oaxaca, Mexico: composition, physiographic distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 6–62 - get paper here
  • Palacios-Aguilar, Ricardo & OSCAR FLORES-VILLELA 2018. An updated checklist of the herpetofauna from Guerrero, Mexico. Zootaxa 4422 (1): 1-24 - get paper here
  • Peters, Wilhem Carl Hartwig 1860. Drei neue Schlangen des k. zoologischen Museums aus America und Bemerkungen über die generelle Unterscheidung von anderen bereits bekannten Arten. Monatsber. königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1860 (October): 517-521 - get paper here
  • Smith, H.M. 1941. Notes on the snakes of the genus Conophis. J. Washington Acad. Sci. 31: 117-124 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M. 1939. Notes on Mexican reptiles and amphibians. Zoological Series of Field Museum of Natural History 24 (4): 15-35 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M. 1944. Additions to the list of Mexican amphibians and reptiles in the Carnegie Museum. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 30: 87-92
  • Smith, Hobart M.; Villela, O.F.; Chiszar, David 1993. New Variational Extremes for Tantilla calamarina and a Locality Record Correction for Conophis vittatus viduus (Reptilia: Serpentes). Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 29 (1): <br>1 - get paper here
  • Valdez-Lares, R.; R. Muñiz-Martínez; E.Gadsden; G. Aguirre-León; G. Castañeda-Gaytán; R. Gonzalez-Trápaga 2013. Checklist of amphibians and reptiles of the state of Durango, México. Check List 9 (4):714-724 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Webb, Robert G. 2001. Proposed deletion of two colubrid snakes from the Mexican state of Durango herpetofauna. Herpetological Review 32 (3):159-160 - get paper here
  • Wellman, J. 1963. A revision of the snakes of the genus Conophis. Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 15: 251-295. - get paper here
  • Woolrich-Piña, G. A., E. García-Padilla, D. L. DeSantis, J. D. Johnson, V. Mata-Silva, and L. D. Wilson 2017. The herpetofauna of Puebla, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(4): 791–884 - get paper here
 
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