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Corallus ruschenbergerii (COPE, 1875)

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Higher TaxaBoidae (Boinae), Henophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Mangrove Treeboa, Ruschenberger Tree Boa, False Manapare, Dormilona
G: Ruschenbergers Gartenboa 
SynonymXiphosoma ruschenbergerii COPE 1876: 129
Xiphosoma hortulanum — GARMAN 1887: 279
Xiphosoma ruschenbergii — BOULENGER 1893: 99 (in error)
Corallus cookei var. ruschenbergi — BOETTGER 1898: 10 (in error)
Boa ruschenbergii — STEJNEGER 1902: 184 (in errore)
Boa salmonidia BRICEÑO ROSSI 1934: 1141
Corallus ruschenbergerii — HENDERSON 1997: 212
Corallus ruschenbergerii — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 191
Corallus ruschenbergerii — BOOS 2001
Corallus ruschenbergerii — WALLACH et al. 2014: 184
Corallus rushenbergerii — ACUÑA-VARGAS 2016
Corallus ruschenbergerii — REYNOLDS & HENDERSON 2018: 19 
DistributionSW Costa Rica, Panama (including Isla del Rey, Isla Contadora, Isla de Cébaco, Isla Suscantupu), Colombia (east of the Andes and north of the cordilleras Central and Oriental), N Venezuela (north of the Cordillera de Mérida and in the drainage of the Río Orinoco, north and west of the Guiana Shield, east to the Orinoco delta, Trujilllo [HR 35: 190]; Cojedes, Isla Margarita; Trinidad, Tobago)

Type locality: "Panama"  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: ANSP 10325 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Corallus ruschenbergerii is easily distinguished from all other species of Corallus except C. grenadensis. The maximum number of dorsal scale rows in C. cropanii is fewer than 35 (38–48 in C. ruschenbergerii). Corallus annulatus, the only congener with which there is significant sympatry, has a maximum of 50–57 dorsal scale rows and only 79–87 subcaudals (94–115 in C. ruschenbergerii). Corallus caninus has a maximum of 63–77 dorsal scale rows, and 186–209 ventrals (250–272 in C. ruschenbergerii). With very few exceptions, C. hortulanus from mainland South America and Ilha Grande off southeastern Brazil have 50 or more maximum dorsal scale rows (individuals from Guyana, Suriname, Peru, and Bolivia rarely have 47 or 48) and color and pattern are extremely variable.


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CommentHabitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Commodore Dr. William Samuel Waithman Ruschenberger (1807-1895), a physician in both the U.S. Amy and Navy who was fleet surgeon on several cruises. 
References
  • Acevedo-Charry, Orlando and Jose Rancés Caicedo-Portilla. 2016. Corallus ruschenbergerii (Rushcenberger Tree Boa) Diet. Herpetological Review 47 (1): 143-144 - get paper here
  • Acuña-Vargas, J. C. 2016. Anfibios y Reptiles asociados a cinco coberturas de la tierra, municipio de Dibulla, La Guajira, Colombia. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n. s.), 32(2): 133-146 - get paper here
  • Auguste, Renoir J. 2019. Herpetofaunal checklist for six pilot protected areas in Trinidad and Tobago. Herpetology Notes 12: 577-585 - get paper here
  • Barquero-González, J.P., Stice, T.L., Gómez, G., & Monge-Nájera, J. 2020. Are tropical reptiles really declining? A six-year survey of snakes in a tropical coastal rainforest: role of prey and environment. Revista de Biología Tropical, 68(1): 336-343; doi:10.20944/preprints201908.0123.v1 - get paper here
  • Barrio-Amorós, César L. 2017. Field observations on Neotropical treeboas of the genus Corallus (Squamata: Boidae). IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians 24 (1): 1–16 - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Blanco-Torres, Argelina; Lina Báez S., Edgar Patiño-Flores, Juan M. Renjifo-R. 2013. Herpetofauna from the middle valley of the Ranchería river, La Guajira, Colombia. Rev. Biodivers. Neotrop. 3 (2): 113-22 - get paper here
  • Boettger, O. 1898. Katalog der Reptilien-Sammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt/M. 2.Teil (Schlangen). [type catalogue] Frankfurt/M (Gebr. Knauer), i-ix + 1-160. - get paper here
  • Boos, H.E.A. 2001. The snakes of Trinidad and Tobago. Texas A&M University Press, 270 pp.
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1893. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. London (Taylor & Francis), 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Briceno-Rossi, A.L. 1934. El problema del ofidismo en Venezuela. Bol. Min. Salubr. Agric. Cria, Venezuela, Caracas, 1: 1079-1177
  • Cope, E.D. 1875. On the Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica with notes on the herpetology and ichthyology of Nicaragua and Peru. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia N.S. (2) 8: 93-183 [sometimes said to be published 1876 but see Murphy et al. 2007 for clarification]] - get paper here
  • Esqueda; L.F. & E. La Marca. 2004. Geographic Distribution (Serpentes): Corallus ruschenbergerii. Herpetological Review 35 (2):190 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Hedges SB, Powell R, Henderson RW, Hanson S, and Murphy JC 2019. Definition of the Caribbean Islands biogeographic region, with checklist and recommendations for standardized common names of amphibians and reptiles. Caribbean Herpetology 67: 1–53
  • Henderson, R. W. 2002. Neotropical Treeboas. Krieger Publ. Company, Malabar, 198 pp.
  • Henderson, R. W. 2015. Neotropical Treeboas - Natural History of the Corallus hortulanus Complex. Edition Chimaira. ISBN 9783899734386. 338 pp.
  • Henderson, Robert W. 1997. A Taxonomic Review of the Corallus hortulanus Complex of Neotropical Tree Boas. Carib. J. Sci. 33 (3-4): 198-221.
  • Henderson, Robert W. and Michael J. Pauers 2012. On the Diets of Neotropical Treeboas (Squamata: Boidae: Corallus). South American J. Herp. 7 (2): 172-180. - get paper here
  • Henderson, Robert W.; Michael J. Pauers and Timothy J. Colston 2013. On the congruence of morphology, trophic ecology, and phylogeny in Neotropical treeboas (Squamata: Boidae: Corallus). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 109: 466–475. doi: 10.1111/bij.12052 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Kornacker, Paul M.;Dederichs, Ursula 1998. Herpetologische Eindrücke einer Venezuelareise - Teil 2: Die Llanos. Elaphe 6 (3): 68-73
  • Larreal, J.T.; G.A. Rivas; C. Portillo-Quintero; T.R. Barros 2012. Squamata reptiles of a fragment of tropical dry forest in northwestern Venezuela (Lake Maracaibo region). Check List 8(6):1220-1224 - get paper here
  • Markezich, A.L. 2002. New distribution records of reptiles from Western Venezuela. Herpetological Review 33 (1): 69-74 - get paper here
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Medina-Rangel, Guido Fabián 2013. CAMBIO EstACIOnAl En El UsO DE lOs RECURsOs DE lA COMUnIDAD DE REptIlEs En El COMplEJO CEnAgOsO DE ZApAtOsA, DEpARtAMEntO DEl CEsAR (Colombia). Caldasia 35 (1): 103-122 - get paper here
  • MURPHY R. W., SMITH A. and NGO A. 2007. The versions of Cope's Batrachia and Reptilia of Costa Rica. Bibliotheca Herpetologica 7 (1): - get paper here
  • Natera-Mumaw, Marco; Luis Felipe Esqueda-González & Manuel Castelaín-Fernández 2015. Atlas Serpientes de Venezuela. Santiago de Chile, Dimacofi Negocios Avanzados S.A., 456 pp. - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Pérez-Santos,C. & Moreno, A.G. 1988. Ofidios de Colombia. Museo reegionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, Monographie VI, 517 pp.
  • Ray, Julie M. and Patty Ruback 2015. Updated checklists of snakes for the provinces of Panamá and Panamá Oeste, Republic of Panama. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (2): 168-188 - get paper here
  • Reynolds, R. Graham and Robert W. Henderson 2018. Boas of the World (Superfamily Booidae): A Checklist With Systematic, Taxonomic, and Conservation Assessments. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology Sep 2018, Vol. 162, No. 1: 1-58. - get paper here
  • Rincon-Aranguri, Monica; Nicolás Urbina-Cardona, Sandra P. Galeano, Brian C. Bock, and Vivian P. Páez 2019. Road Kill of Snakes on a Highway in an Orinoco Ecosystem: Landscape Factors and Species Traits Related to Their Mortality. Tropical Conservation Science 12: 1–18; DOI: 10.1177/1940082919830832 - get paper here
  • Rincón-Aranguri, M., Toro-Cardona, F. A., Galeano, S. P., Roa-Fuentes, L.. & Urbina-Cardona, N. 2023. Functional diversity of snakes is explained by the landscape composition at multiple areas of influence. Ecology and Evolution, 13, e10352 - get paper here
  • Rivas Fuenmayor, Gilson and Cesar Luis Barrio Amorós 2005. New Amphibian and Reptile records from Cojedes State, Venezuela. Herpetological Review 36 (2):205-209. - get paper here
  • Rivas, G. A., Lasso-Alcalá, O. M., Rodríguez-Olarte, D., De Freitas, M., Murphy, J. C., Pizzigalli, C., ... & Jowers, M. J. 2021. Biogeographical patterns of amphibians and reptiles in the northernmost coastal montane complex of South America. Plos one, 16(3): e0246829 - get paper here
  • RIVAS, GILSON A.; CÉSAR R. MOLINA, GABRIEL N. UGUETO, TITO R. BARROS, CÉSAR L. BAR- RIO-AMORÓS & PHILIPPE J. R. KOK 2012. Reptiles of Venezuela: an updated and commented checklist. Zootaxa 3211: 1–64 - get paper here
  • Sandoval, Luis and Gerardo Chaves 2014. Corallus ruschenbergeri. Behavior. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 287 - get paper here
  • Solorzano, A. 2004. Serpientes de Costa Rica - Snakes of Costa Rica. Editorial INBio, Costa Rica, 792 pp.
  • Solórzano, A. 2006. Snakes of the Osa Peninsula [Costa Rica]. Reptilia (GB) (48): 30-34 - get paper here
  • Solórzano, A. 2006. Die Schlangen der Osa-Halbinsel [Costa Rica]. Reptilia (Münster) 11 (61): 28-31 - get paper here
  • Stejneger, L. 1902. An annotated list of batrachians and reptiles collected in the vicinity of La Guaira, Venezuela, with descriptions of two new species of snakes. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 24 [1901]: 179-192. - get paper here
  • SUCRE, SAMUEL; EDGARDO GRIFFITH, MELQUIADES CASTILLO & ÁNGEL SOSA-BARTUANO. 2022. Predation of a Mouse-eared bat, Myotis sp. (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) by a Mangrove Treeboa, Corallus ruschenbergerii (Cope 1875) (Serpentes: Boidae) in Darién, Panama. Reptiles & Amphibians 29(1): 262–263. - get paper here
  • Ugueto, G.N. & Rivas, G.A. 2010. Amphibians and Reptiles of Margarita, Coche and Cubagua. Frankfurt Contributions to Natural History, Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 350 pp
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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