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Crotalus tzabcan KLAUBER, 1952

IUCN Red List - Crotalus tzabcan - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Yucatan Neotropical Rattlesnake 
SynonymCrotalus durissus tzabcan KLAUBER 1952: 71
Crotalus durissus tzabcan — NEILL & ALLEN 1959: 59
Crotalus simus tzabcan — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004
Crotalus tzabcan — QUIJADA-MASCAREÑAS & WÜSTER 2006
Caudisona tzabcan — HOSER 2009
Crotalus tzabcan — WALLACH et al. 2014: 196
Crotalus tzabcan — GARCÍA-PADILLA et al. 2025 
DistributionMexico (Quintana Roo, Yucatan south to El Peten, Campeche), Guatemala, Belize

Type locality: "Kantunil, Yucatan, Mexico."  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
TypesHolotype: FMNH 36168 
DiagnosisUnfortunately we had to temporarily remove additional information as this was scraped by multiple AI companies who sell that data to their customers. These details, e.g. detailed descriptions or comparisons (about 2229 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentNomenclature: Hoser’s 2009 classification and nomenclature has been rejected as unnecessary and unavailable by WÜSTER & BERNILS 2011.

Species group: Crotalus durissus complex, which includes durissus, simus, culminatus, and tzabcan. 
EtymologyNamed after Náhuatl tzabcan, a type of venomous snake in Mayan culture. [“...This is the Mayan name for the rattlesnake — tzab = with a rattle, = snake...”]. 
References
  • Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L 2021. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. ZooKeys 1054: 127-153 - get paper here
  • Campbell, Jonathan A. and William W. Lamar 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere, 2 vols. Comstock (Cornell University Press), Ithaca, NY, 962 pp. [review in Science 305: 182]
  • Carbajal-Márquez, R. A., D. González-Solís y J. R. Cedeño-Vázquez. 2018. Endoparasites of Crotalus tzabcan (Serpentes: Viperidae), with a checklist in rattlesnakes. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 42(2): 303-314 - get paper here
  • Carbajal-Márquez, R. A., J. R. Cedeño-Vázquez, M. Martins, G. Köhler. 2020. Life history, activity pattern and morphology of Crotalus tzabcan (Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetological Conservation and Biology 15 (1): 228-237 - get paper here
  • Carbajal-Márquez, Rubén A.; J. Rogelio Cedeño-Vázquez, David González-Solís, Marcio Martins 2020. Diet and Feeding Ecology of Crotalus tzabcan (Serpentes: Viperidae). South American J. Herp. 15 (1): 9-19 - get paper here
  • Carbajal-Márquez, Rubén Alonso; José Rogelio Cedeño-Vázquez 2017. The swimming behaviour of Tzabcan Rattlesnake, Crotalus tzabcan Klauber, 1952 (Squamata: Viperidae). Herpetology Notes 10: 673-674 - get paper here
  • CARBAJAL-MÁRQUEZ, RUBÉN ALONSO; JOSÉ ROGELIO CEDEÑO-VÁZQUEZ, ARELY MARTÍNEZ-ARCE, EDGAR NERI-CASTRO, SALIMA C. MACHKOUR- M’RABET 2020. Accessing cryptic diversity in Neotropical rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4729 (4): 451–481 - get paper here
  • Carbajal-Márquez, Rubén Alonso; José Rogelio Cedeño-Vázquez, Christian Martin García-Balderas, Tania Ramírez-Valverde, Gustavo Ernesto Quintero-Díaz 2018. The Defensive Behaviour of Tzabcan Rattlesnake, Crotalus tzabcan Klauber, 1952 (Squamata: Viperidae). Herpetology Notes 11: 429-431 - get paper here
  • García-Padilla, E., Heredia-López, I., Villalobos-Juárez, I., Lazcano, D., & Fucsko, L. A. 2025. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Mexico 48: From Sacred to Scorned---A Study of the Mexican Rattlesnake’s Changing Status. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society, 60(3), 25-30 - get paper here
  • González-Sánchez, V. H., J. D. Johnson, E. García-Padilla, V. Mata-Silva, D. L. DeSantis and L. D. Wilson. 2017. The Herpetofauna of the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4 (2): 264–380 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Hoser, R. 2009. A reclassification of the rattlesnakes; species formerly exclusively referred to the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus. Australasian J. Herpetol. 3: 1-21 - get paper here
  • Klauber, Laurence M. 1952. Taxonomic studies on rattlesnakes of Mainland Mexico. Bulletins of the Zoological Society of San Diego (26): 1-143 - get paper here
  • Meik, Jesse M and André Pires-daSilva 2009. Evolutionary morphology of the rattlesnake style. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9:35 - get paper here
  • Nahuat-Cervera, Pedro Enrique 2020. Amphibians and reptiles of the Hobonil Educative Center, Tzucacab, Yucatán, Mexico. Rev. Latinoamer. Herp. 3 (1): 53-65 - get paper here
  • Neill, Wilfred T. and E. Ross Allen. 1959. Studies on the amphibians and reptiles of British Honduras. Publications of the Research Division Ross Allen's Reptiles Institute. 2 (1): 1-76
  • Platt, Steven G., Thomas R. Rainwater, Jan C. Meerman and Stanlee M. Miller. 2016. Nature Notes. Notes on the diet, foraging behavior, and venom of some snakes in Belize. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (1): 162–170 - get paper here
  • Quijada-Mascareñas & Wüster, W. 2006. Crotalus durissus complex: from Yucatan to Patagonia: the natural history of the Neotropical rattlesnake. Reptilia (GB) (49): 66-73 - get paper here
  • Quijada-Mascareñas & Wüster, W. 2006. On the Origins and Dispersal of Neotropical Rattlesnakes in South America. CAH/ACH Bulletin 14 (1): 6-12 - get paper here
  • Reyes-Velasco J., Cox C. L., Jones J. M., Borja M. & Campbell J. A. 2022. How many species of rattlesnakes are there in the Crotalus durissus species group (Serpentes: Crotalidae)? Revista Latinoamericana de Herpetología 5 (1): 43-55 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wüster, W. & Bérnils, R.S. 2011. On the generic classification of the rattlesnakes, with special reference to the Neotropical Crotalus durissus complex (Squamata: Viperidae). ZOOLOGIA 28 (4): 417–419 - get paper here
  • Yañez-Arenas, C., S. Castaño-Quintero, R. Rioja-Nieto, K. Rodríguez-Medina & X. Chiappa-Carrara 2020. Assessing the Relative Role of Environmental Factors That Limit the Distribution of the Yucatan Rattlesnake (Crotalus tzabcan) Journal of Herpetology 54 (2): 216-224. - get paper here
 
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