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Crotalus aquilus KLAUBER, 1952

IUCN Red List - Crotalus aquilus - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Queretaran Dusky Rattlesnake
S: Cascabel Oscurode Querétaro 
SynonymCrotalus triseriatus aquilus KLAUBER 1952: 24
Crotalus triseriatus quadrangularis HARRIS & SIMMONS 1978
Crotalus triseriatus quadrangularis — KISSER 1980
Crotalus triseriatus aquilus — WELCH 1994: 49
Crotalus aquilus — LINER 1994
Crotalus aquilus — MCDIARMID, CAMPBELL & TOURÉ 1999: 277
Uropsophus aquilus — HOSER 2009
Crotalus aquilus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 188 
DistributionC Mexico (endemic to the highlands north of the Transverse Volcanic Cordillera: Veracruz, San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, Querétaro, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacán, Aguascalientes, Zacatecas)

Type locality: "near Alvarez, San Luis Potosi, Mexico."  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesHolotype: MCZ 27843; Paratypes SDNHM = SDSNH 3496-3501, 6575-6577 (topotypes) 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2565 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

This species is sympatric with (in N Michoacán) and superficially similar to C. triseriatus.

Nomenclature: Hoser’s 2009 classification and nomenclature has been rejected as unnecessary and unavailable by WÜSTER & BERNILS 2011.

Distribution: see map in Blair et al. 2018: 352 (Fig. 1) 
EtymologyThe generic name Crotalus is derived from the Greek word krotalon, meaning "rattle." The specific epithet is the Latin word aquilus, which means "dark colored or swarthy" (LEMOS-ESPINAL & DIXON 2013). 
References
  • Blair C, Bryson RW Jr, Linkem CW, Lazcano D, Klicka J, McCormack JE. 2018. Cryptic diversity in the Mexican highlands: Thousands of UCE loci help illuminate phylogenetic relationships, species limits and divergence times of montane rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalus). Molecular Ecology Resources 19: 349–365 [2019] - get paper here
  • Bryson Jr, Robert W.; Robert W. Murphy, Amy Lathrop and David Lazcano-Villareal 2011. Evolutionary drivers of phylogeographical diversity in the highlands of Mexico: a case study of the Crotalus triseriatus species group of montane rattlesnakes. Journal of Biogeography 38: 697–710 - get paper here
  • Bryson, R.W. 2007. Fotopirsch auf Gebirgsklapperschlangen. Reptilia (Münster) 12 (66): 32-37 - get paper here
  • BRYSON, ROBERT W.; JR., CHARLES W. LINKEM, MICHAEL E. DORCAS, AMY LATHROP, JASON M. JONES, JAVIER ALVARADO-DÍAZ, CHRISTOPH I. GRÜNWALD & ROBERT W. MURPHY 2014. Multilocus species delimitation in the Crotalus triseriatus species group (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3826 (3): 475–496 - get paper here
  • Cadena-Rico, S., Leyte-Manrique, A., & Hernández-Salinas, U. 2020. Herpetofauna de la cuenca baja del Río Temascatio, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México. Acta zoológica mexicana, 36
  • Carbajal-Márquez, R. A., Z. Y. González-Saucedo & J. C. Arenas-Monroy. 2015. Crotalus aquilus (SQUAMATA: VIPERIDAE), a New State Record for Zacatecas, Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana (n.s.) 31 (1):131-133 - get paper here
  • Carbajal-Márquez, Rubén A. and Gustavo E. Quintero-Díaz 2016. The Herpetofauna of Aguascalientes, México. Revista Mexicana de Herpetología 2(1):
  • Cruz-Elizalde R, Ramírez-Bautista A, Pineda-López R, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Rocha A, Fucsko LA, Wilson LD. 2022. The herpetofauna of Querétaro, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(1) [General Section]: 148–192 (e308) - get paper here
  • Deloya, Estrella Mociño; Setser, Kirk. 2007. Crotalus aquilus (Queretaran Dusky Rattlesnake). Maximum Size. Herpetological Review 38 (2): 204 - get paper here
  • Dixon, James R. and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal 2010. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Queretaro, Mexico. Tlalnepantla UNAM, 428 pp.
  • Dorcas, M.E. 1992. Relationships among montane populations of Crotalus lepidus and Crotalus triseriatus in: Campbell, J.A. & Brodie, E.D. (eds.) Biology of the Pitvipers. Selva, Tyler, Texas. ISBN 0-9630536-0-1
  • Fernández-Badillo, L., Morales-Capellán, N. & Goyenechea, I. 2012. Crotalus aquilus (Queretaran dusky rattlesnake) diet. Herpetological Review 43: 658 - get paper here
  • Fernández-Badillo, Leonardo & Irene Goyenechea-Mayer Goyenechea 2010. Anfibios y reptiles del valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 81: 705- 712
  • Fernández-Badillo, Leonardo; Norma Leticia Manríquez-Morán; Jesús Martín Castillo-Cerón & Irene Goyenechea 2016. Análisis herpetofaunístico de la zona árida del estado de Hidalgo. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 156–170 - get paper here
  • García-Vázquez, Uri Omar; Rafael Peralta, Oswaldo Corona, Andres Perea 2020. Presence of the Querétaro Dusky Rattlesnake Crotalus aquilus Klauber, 1952 (Squamata, Viperidae) in the Sierra de Santa Catarina natural protected area, Ciudad de México, México. Herpetology Notes 13: 787-789 - get paper here
  • Harris, Herbert S. & Simmons, Robert S. 1978. A preliminary account of the rattlesnakes with the descriptions of four new subspecies. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 14 (3): 105-211 [1977] - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Herrera-Enríquez, Gerson Josué, Elí García-Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Dominic L. DeSantis and Larry David Wilson. 2016. Crotalus aquilus Klauber, 1952. Arboreality. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (3): 738–739 - get paper here
  • Hoser, R. 2009. A reclassification of the rattlesnakes; species formerly exclusively referred to the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus. Australasian J. Herpetol. 3: 1-21 - get paper here
  • Klauber, Laurence M. 1952. Taxonomic studies on rattlesnakes of Mainland Mexico. Bulletins of the Zoological Society of San Diego (26): 1-143 - get paper here
  • Lara-Galván, J. L., Martínez-Montoya, J. F., Sigala-Rodríguez, J. J., Esparza-Estrada, C. E., Rosas-Rosas, O. C., Ávila-Herrera, L., & Barbosa, A. M. 2020. Rattlesnake (Crotalus spp.) distribution and diversity in Zacatecas, Mexico ZooKeys, 1005, 103 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of the State of Mexico, Mexico with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 953: 137-159 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Mexico City, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 951: 109-131 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Woolrich-Piña GA 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 753: 83-106 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. and James R. Dixon 2013. Amphibians and Reptiles of San Luis Potosí. Eagle Mountain Publishing, xii + 300 pp.
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A., Geoffrey R. Smith 2015. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Check List 11 (3): 1642 - get paper here
  • Leyte-Manrique A, Mata-Silva V, Báez-Montes O, Fucsko LA, DeSantis DL, García-Padilla E, Rocha A, Johnson JD, Porras LW, Wilson LD. 2022. The herpetofauna of Guanajuato, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(2) [General Section: 133–180 (e321) - get paper here
  • Leyte-Manrique, Adrian; Efrén M. Hernández Navarro y Luis A. Escobedo-Morales 2015. Herpetofauna de Guanajuato: Un análisis histórico y contemporáneo de su conocimiento. Revista Mexicana de Herpetología 1(1): 1–14
  • McCranie, J.R. & Wilson, L.D. 1979. Commentary on taxonomic practice in regional herpetological publications: a review of the rattlesnakes with the description of four new subspecies [by HARRIS & SIMMONS 1978]. Herpetological Review 10 (1): 18-21 - get paper here
  • McCranie, J.R. & Wilson, L.D. 2001. The herpetofauna of the Mexican State of Aguascalientes. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 230: 1-57
  • McDiarmid, R.W.; Campbell, J.A. & Touré,T.A. 1999. Snake species of the world. Vol. 1. [type catalogue] Herpetologists’ League, 511 pp.
  • Meik, J.M.; Mociño Deloya, E. & Setser K. 2007. NEW DISTRIBUTION RECORDS FOR THE QUERÉTERO DUSKY RATTLESNAKE CROTALUS AQUILUS (VIPERIDAE), WITH COMMENTS ON MORPHOLOGY AND HABITAT USE. Western North American Naturalist 67 (4): 601–604 - get paper here
  • Meik, Jesse M and André Pires-daSilva 2009. Evolutionary morphology of the rattlesnake style. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9:35 - get paper here
  • Roth-Monzón AJ, Mendoza-Hernández AA, Flores-Villela O. 2018. Amphibian and reptile biodiversity in the semi-arid region of the municipality of Nopala de Villagrán, Hidalgo, Mexico. PeerJ 6: e4202 - get paper here
  • Tepos-Ramírez M, Garduño-Fonseca FS, Peralta-Robles CA, García-Rubio OR, Cervantes Jiménez R 2023. Annotated checklist of amphibians and reptiles from Querétaro, Mexico, including new records, and comments on controversial species. Check List 19(2): 269-292 - get paper here
  • Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here
  • VALENCIA-HERNÁNDEZ, Ángel Alberto; Irene GOYENECHEA & Jesús Martín CASTILLO-CERÓN 2007. NOTES ON SCUTELLATION, LENGTH, AND DISTRIBUTION OF RATTLESNAKES (SERPENTES: VIPERIDADE: CROTALUS) IN THE STATE OF HIDALGO, MEXICO. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.) 23 (3):29-33 - get paper here
  • Vázquez Díaz, Joel;Quintero Díaz, Gustavo E. 2005. Anfibios y Reptiles de Aguascalientes [2nd ed.]. CONABIO, CIEMA, 318 pp.
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wüster, W. & Bérnils, R.S. 2011. On the generic classification of the rattlesnakes, with special reference to the Neotropical Crotalus durissus complex (Squamata: Viperidae). ZOOLOGIA 28 (4): 417–419 - get paper here
 
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