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Crotalus mictlantecuhtli CARBAJAL-MÁRQUEZ, CEDEÑO-VÁZQUEZ, MARTÍNEZ-ARCE, NERI-CASTRO & MACHKOUR-M’RABET, 2020

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Veracruz Neotropical rattlesnake 
SynonymCrotalus mictlantecuhtli CARBAJAL-MÁRQUEZ, CEDEÑO-VÁZQUEZ, MARTÍNEZ-ARCE, NERI-CASTRO & MACHKOUR-M’RABET 2020
Crotalus simus simus — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004 
DistributionMexico (Veracruz)

Type locality: Veracruz city (19.18833°, -96.14000°; 13 m elevation), state of Veracruz, Mexico.  
Reproduction 
TypesHolotype. SDNHM-22416, Adult male, collected on 27 May of 1934 by W. A. King.
Paratype. Adult male (SDNHM-24026) collected 14 July of 1935 by W. A. King in Tierra Blanca (18.44981°, -96.35995°; 68 m asl), municipality of Tierra Blanca, state of Veracruz, Mexico. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: A rattlesnake belonging to the Crotalus durissus species complex, characterized as other species by a prominent vertebral process and conspicuous scale tuberculations. Crotalus mictlantecuhtli is not sympatric with any congeners, but its range closely approaches those of C. simus-Isthmus-Chiapas and C. tzabcan. Crotalus mictlantecuhtli can be distinguished from all members of the Crotalus durissus species complex by exclusive combination of the following characters: paravertebral stripes with three scale rows, commonly paravertebral stripes with light center, presupraloreal scale absent, postloreal scale absent, usually postsupraloreal scale absent, contact between lacunal and supralabial scales in 68% (n=34) of specimens, postocular stripes of 3.0–3.5 scales width, with light center, contact between paravertebral stripes and supraocular scales in 97% (n=34) of specimens, and dark prefrontal bar interrupted. 
CommentHabitat: open dry areas with rocky outcrops in tropi- cal deciduous forest and seasonal rain forest. 
EtymologyThe specific epithet “mictlantecuhtli”, derives from the Nahuatl word “Mictlantecuhtli” and means “Lord of Mictlán” or “Lord of the place of the dead”. In Mexican mythology (Aztec), Zapotec and Mixtec, Mictlantecuhtli is the god of the underworld and the dead. The species name is used as an invariable noun in apposition to the generic name. 
References
  • Aguilar-López JL, Luría-Manzano R, Pineda E, Canseco-Márquez L 2021. Selva Zoque, Mexico: an important Mesoamerican tropical region for reptile species diversity and conservation. ZooKeys 1054: 127-153 - get paper here
  • CARBAJAL-MÁRQUEZ, RUBÉN ALONSO; JOSÉ ROGELIO CEDEÑO-VÁZQUEZ, ARELY MARTÍNEZ-ARCE, EDGAR NERI-CASTRO, SALIMA C. MACHKOUR- M’RABET 2020. Accessing cryptic diversity in Neotropical rattlesnakes (Serpentes: Viperidae: Crotalus) with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 4729 (4): 451–481 - get paper here
  • KELLY-HERNANDEZ, A., F. A. LARA-HERNANDEZ, AND V. VASQUEZ-CRUZ 2020. Geographic Distribution: Crotalus mictlantecuhtli (Veracruz Neotropical Rattlesnake). Mexico: Veracruz: Municipality of Carrillo Puerto. Herpetological Review 51: 273.
  • OLIVEIRA-DALLAND, LUIS G.; LAURA R.V. ALENCAR, LEANDRO R. TAMBOSI, PAOLA A. CARRASCO, RHETT M. RAUTSAW, JESUS SIGALA-RODRIGUEZ, GUSTAVO SCROCCHI & MARCIO MARTINS. 2022. Conservation gaps for Neotropical vipers: Mismatches between protected areas, species richness and evolutionary distinctiveness. Biological Conservation 275(109750). - get paper here
  • Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here
  • VÁSQUEZ-CRUZ, VÍCTOR; ÉRIKA OLIVARES-BLANCO & ARLETH REYNOSO-MARTÍNEZ 2021. New Municipality Records of Amphibians and Reptiles from Las Altas Montañas Region in Central-west Veracruz, Mexico. Herpetological Review 52 (1): 90–93.
 
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