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Crotalus totonacus GLOYD & KAUFFELD, 1940

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Higher TaxaViperidae, Crotalinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Totonacan Rattlesnake
S: Tepocolciatl 
SynonymCrotalus totonacus GLOYD & KAUFFELD 1940
Crotalus durissus totonacus — SMITH & TAYLOR 1945: 239
Crotalus basiliscus totonacus — TAYLOR 1950: 453
Crotalus durissus totonacus — KLAUBER 1952: 76
Crotalus durissus neoleonensis HARRIS & SIMMONS 1978
Crotalus totonacus — CAMPBELL & LAMAR 2004
Crotalus totonacus — QUIJADA-MASCAREÑAS & WÜSTER 2006
Crotalus totonacus — VALENCIA-HERNÁNDEZ et al. 2007
Crotalus totonicus — MEIK & DASILVA 2009 (in error)
Caudisona (Smythus) totonacus — HOSER 2009
Crotalus totonacus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 195
Crotalus totonacus — GARCÍA-PADILLA et al. 2025 
DistributionMexico (S Tamaulipas, SE San Luis Potosi, N Veracruz, Quéretaro, Hidalgo, Nuevo León)

Type locality: “Panaca Island, about 75 miles south of Tampico, Veracruz, Mexico, 12 miles inland from Cabo Rojo."  
Reproductionovoviviparous 
TypesHolotype: CHAS 4469 (given as CA 4469 in McDiarmid et al. 1999 and Wallach et al. 2014). 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (4579 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentNomenclature: Hoser’s 2009 classification and nomenclature has been rejected as unnecessary and unavailable by WÜSTER & BERNILS 2011. HARRIS & SIMMONS 1978 cited “Crotalus durissus neoleonensis ZERTUCHE in press”, a description that apparently was never published. 
EtymologyThe specific epithet is named after the Totonac Indians of northeastern Mexico. The ending -us is a masculine adjective. 
References
  • Anderson, Christopher G. and Eli Greenbaum 2012. Phylogeography of Northern Populations of the Black-Tailed Rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus Baird And Girard, 1853), With the Revalidation of C. ornatus Hallowell, 1854. Herpetological Monographs 26 (1): 19-57. - get paper here
  • Arenas, Carlos Yañez; A. Townsend Peterson, Pierre Mokondoko, Octavio Rojas-Soto, Enrique Martínez-Meyer 2014. The Use of Ecological Niche Modeling to Infer Potential Risk Areas of Snakebite in the Mexican State of Veracruz. PLoS One 9 (6): e100957. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100957 - get paper here
  • Campbell, Jonathan A. and William W. Lamar 2004. The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere, 2 vols. Comstock (Cornell University Press), Ithaca, NY, 962 pp. [review in Science 305: 182]
  • Carbajal-Márquez, R. A., G. E. Quintero-Díaz, and G. Martínez-De La Vega. 2017. Crotalus totonacus Gloyd and Kauffeld, 1940. Diet. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4 (3): 649–650 - get paper here
  • Carbajal-Márquez, R. A., Sigala-Rodríguez, J. J., Reyes-Velasco, J., Jones, J. M., Montaño-Ruvalcaba, C., Fernandez-Badillo, L., & Borja-Jiménez, J. M. 2023. New dietary records for three species in the Crotalus molossus species complex (Serpentes: Viperidae). Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology, 22(1), 81-86 - get paper here
  • Cruz-Elizalde R, Ramírez-Bautista A, Pineda-López R, Mata-Silva V, DeSantis DL, García-Padilla E, Johnson JD, Rocha A, Fucsko LA, Wilson LD. 2022. The herpetofauna of Querétaro, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 16(1) [General Section]: 148–192 (e308) - get paper here
  • Dixon, James R. and Julio A. Lemos-Espinal 2010. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Queretaro, Mexico. Tlalnepantla UNAM, 428 pp.
  • Farr, William L., Manuel Nevárez-De Los Reyes, David Lazcano and Sadot Edgardo Ortiz-Hernández. 2015. Crotalus totonacus (Totonacan rattlesnake) diet. Herpetological Review 46 (1): 103 - get paper here
  • Farr, William L.; Manuel Nevárez de los Reyes, Javier Banda-Leal, and David Lazcano 2015. The distribution of Crotalus totonacus in Nuevo León, Mexico. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (3): 243–251. - get paper here
  • Frías, Josefina Ramos, Leonardo Fernández-Badillo, Melany Aguilar López and Jorge Iván Ángeles Escudero. 2015. Geographic Distribution: Crotalus totonacus (Totonacan rattlesnake). Herpetological Review 46 (2): 219 - get paper here
  • García-Padilla, E., Heredia-López, I., Villalobos-Juárez, I., Lazcano, D., & Fucsko, L. A. 2025. Notes on the Herpetofauna of Mexico 48: From Sacred to Scorned---A Study of the Mexican Rattlesnake’s Changing Status. Bulletin of the Chicago Herpetological Society, 60(3), 25-30 - get paper here
  • Gloyd, Howard K.;Kauffeld, Carl F. 1940. A new rattlesnake from Mexico. Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 6 (2): 11-14 + 1 plate
  • Harris, Herbert S. & Simmons, Robert S. 1978. A preliminary account of the rattlesnakes with the descriptions of four new subspecies. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 14 (3): 105-211 [1977] - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2016. Snakes of Mexico. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 572 pp
  • Hoser, R. 2009. A reclassification of the rattlesnakes; species formerly exclusively referred to the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus. Australasian J. Herpetol. 3: 1-21 - get paper here
  • Klauber, Laurence M. 1952. Taxonomic studies on rattlesnakes of Mainland Mexico. Bulletins of the Zoological Society of San Diego (26): 1-143 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Woolrich-Piña GA 2018. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, with comparisons with adjoining states. ZooKeys 753: 83-106 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A. and James R. Dixon 2013. Amphibians and Reptiles of San Luis Potosí. Eagle Mountain Publishing, xii + 300 pp.
  • Lemos-Espinal, Julio A., Geoffrey R. Smith 2015. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Check List 11 (3): 1642 - get paper here
  • Meik, Jesse M and André Pires-daSilva 2009. Evolutionary morphology of the rattlesnake style. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9:35 - get paper here
  • Muñoz-Mora, V. H., Suárez-Atilano, M., Maltagliati, F., Ramírez-Corona, F., Carbajal-Saucedo, A., Percino-Daniel, R., ... & Sunny, A. 2022. A tale about vipers’ tails: phylogeography of black-tailed rattlesnakes. Herpetozoa, 35, 141-153 - get paper here
  • Nevárez-de-los-Reyes, Manuel, David Lazcano, Elí García-Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The Herpetofauna of Nuevo León, Mexico: Composition, Distribution, and Conservation. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (3): 558–638 - get paper here
  • Quijada-Mascareñas & Wüster, W. 2006. Crotalus durissus complex: from Yucatan to Patagonia: the natural history of the Neotropical rattlesnake. Reptilia (GB) (49): 66-73 - get paper here
  • Reyes-Velasco J., Cox C. L., Jones J. M., Borja M,, y Campbell J. A. 2022. How many species of rattlesnakes are there in the Crotalus durissus species group (Serpentes: Crotalidae)? Revista Latinoamericana de Herpetología 5 (1): 43-55 - get paper here
  • Smith, Hobart M. & Taylor, Edward H. 1945. An annotated checklist and key to the snakes of Mexico. Bull. US Natl. Mus. (187): iv + 1-239 - get paper here
  • Taylor, E. H. 1950. Second contribution to the herpetology of San Luis Potosi. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 33 (11): 441-457 - get paper here
  • Tepos-Ramírez M, Garduño-Fonseca FS, Peralta-Robles CA, García-Rubio OR, Cervantes Jiménez R 2023. Annotated checklist of amphibians and reptiles from Querétaro, Mexico, including new records, and comments on controversial species. Check List 19(2): 269-292 - get paper here
  • Terán-Juárez, Sergio A., Elí García Padilla, Vicente Mata-Silva, Jerry D. Johnson and Larry David Wilson. 2016. The herpetofauna of Tamaulipas, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (1): 43–113 - get paper here
  • Terán-Juárez, Sergio A.; Elí García-Padilla, Francisco E. Leyto-Delgado, and Leccinum J. García- Morales 2015. New records and distributional range extensions for amphibians and reptiles from Tamaulipas, Mexico. Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (2): 208-214 - get paper here
  • Torres-Hernández, LA, Ramírez-Bautista A, Cruz-Elizalde R, Hernández-Salinas U, Berriozabal-Islas C, DeSantis DL, Johnson JD, Rocha A, García-Padilla E, Mata-Silva V, Fucsko LA, and Wilson LD. 2021. The herpetofauna of Veracruz, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2) [General Section]: 72–155 - get paper here
  • VALENCIA-HERNÁNDEZ, Ángel Alberto; Irene GOYENECHEA & Jesús Martín CASTILLO-CERÓN 2007. NOTES ON SCUTELLATION, LENGTH, AND DISTRIBUTION OF RATTLESNAKES (SERPENTES: VIPERIDADE: CROTALUS) IN THE STATE OF HIDALGO, MEXICO. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.) 23 (3):29-33 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wüster, W. & Bérnils, R.S. 2011. On the generic classification of the rattlesnakes, with special reference to the Neotropical Crotalus durissus complex (Squamata: Viperidae). ZOOLOGIA 28 (4): 417–419 - get paper here
 
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