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Ctenophorus modestus (AHL, 1926)

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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Amphibolurinae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymAmphibolurus modestus AHL 1926: 187 (fide COGGER 1983)
Ctenophorus modestus — STUART-FOX et al. 2020
Ctenophorus modestus — DONG et al. 2021 
DistributionAustralia (South Australia)

Type locality: “Australien”, without further details  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: ZMB 54516, subadult male; paralectotype: ZMB 30092, adult female, designated by Dong et al. 2021. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Ctenophorus modestus is a member of the C. decresii species group (Houston, 1974; Houston and Hutchinson, 1998). Within the C. decresii species group, C. modestus is distinguishable by the following combination of characters: snout scales smooth to longitudinally keeled; vertebral scales flat; a smooth-edged dark lateral stripe, sometimes interrupted to form a separate blotch posterior to the tympanum; and in males, throat coloration is polymorphic (orange, yellow, orange-yellow, or gray) with or without an overlay of gray reticulations and a small central black patch (Dong et al. 2021).


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CommentWells and Wellington (1985) previously resurrected C. modestus (Ahl, 1926) from synonymy with C. decresii and nominated the larger of the two syntypes as a lectotype. However, they provided no rationale or evidence to support this decision. See Dong et al. 2021 for a discussion why they regard Wells and Wellington’s (1985) recognition of C. modestus as unavailable. 
Etymologynamed after an island, “Ce Grammatophore a été trouvé par Péron et Lesueur, dans l'île de Decrès, en Australasie” (Duméril & Bibron, 1837: 474). 
References
  • Ahl, E. 1926. Neue Eidechsen und Amphibien. Zool. Anz. 67: 186-192
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Bian, X., Pinilla, A., Chandler, T., & Peters, R. 2021. Simulations with Australian dragon lizards suggest movement-based signal effectiveness is dependent on display structure and environmental conditions. Scientific Reports, 11(1): 1-11 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Cogger, H. G. 2014. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 7th ed. CSIRO Publishing, xxx + 1033 pp. - get paper here
  • Cogger, H.G. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia, 6th ed. Ralph Curtis Publishing, Sanibel Island, 808 pp.
  • Dong, Caroline M.; Greg R. Johnston, Devi Stuart-Fox, Adnan Moussalli, Katrina J. Rankin, Claire A. McLean 2021. Elevation of Divergent Color Polymorphic and Monomorphic Lizard Lineages (Squamata: Agamidae) to Species Level. Copeia 109 (1): 43–54 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1837. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 4. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 570 pp. - get paper here
  • Fitzinger, L. 1843. Systema Reptilium, fasciculus primus, Amblyglossae. Braumüller et Seidel, Wien: 106 pp. - get paper here
  • Gibbons, J. R. H. & Lillywhite, H. B. 1981. Ecological segregation, color matching, and speciation in lizards of the Amphibolurus decresii species complex (Lacertilia: Agamidae). Ecology 62: 1573-1584 - get paper here
  • Lewis AC, Rankin KJ, Pask AJ, Stuart-Fox D. 2017. Stress-induced changes in color expression mediated by iridophores in a polymorphic lizard. Ecol Evol. 00:1–11 - get paper here
  • Macey, J. R., J. A. Schulte II, A. Larson, N. B. Ananjeva, Y. Wang, R. Pethiyagoda, N. Rastegar-Pouyani, T. J. Papenfuss 2000. Evaluating trans-Tethys migration: an example using acrodont lizard phylogenetics. Systematic Biology 49 (2): 233-256 - get paper here
  • Manthey,U. & SCHUSTER,N. 1999. Agamen, 2. Aufl. Natur und Tier Verlag (Münster), 120 pp. - get paper here
  • McLean, Claire A., Adnan Moussalli, Steve Sass, and Devi Stuart-Fox 2013. Taxonomic Assessment of the Ctenophorus decresii Complex (Reptilia: Agamidae) Reveals a New Species of Dragon Lizard from Western New South Wales. Records of the Australian Museum 65(3): 51–63 - get paper here
  • McLean, Claire A; Devi Stuart-Fox and Adnan Moussalli 2015. Environment, but not genetic divergence, influences geographic variation in colour morph frequencies in a lizard. BMC Evolutionary Biology 15:156<br>DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0442-x - get paper here
  • Ramos JA and Peters RA 2021. Territorial Displays of the Ctenophorus decresii. Front. Ecol. Evol. 9:731705 - get paper here
  • Rankin K, Stuart-Fox D 2015. Testosterone-Induced Expression of Male Colour Morphs in Females of the Polymorphic Tawny Dragon Lizard, Ctenophorus decresii. PLoS One 10 (10): e0140458, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140458 - get paper here
  • Sass, S & Swan, G. 2010. A newly discovered population of the endangered Tawny Rock Dragon Ctenophorus decresii in far western New South Wales and a description of its habitat. Herpetofauna (Sydney) 40 (1): 52-57 - get paper here
  • Storr, G. M. 1982. Revision of the bearded dragons (Lacertilia: Agamidae) of Western Australia with notes on the dismemberment of the genus Amphibolurus. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 19 (2): 199-214 - get paper here
  • Stuart‐Fox, D., Aulsebrook, A., Rankin, K.J., Dong, C.M. and McLean, C.A. 2020. Convergence and divergence in lizard colour polymorphisms. Biological Reviews - get paper here
  • Tallowin, Oliver J S; Shai Meiri, Stephen C Donnellan, Stephen J Richards, Christopher C Austin, Paul M Oliver, 2019. The other side of the Sahulian coin: biogeography and evolution of Melanesian forest dragons (Agamidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129: 99-113. - get paper here
  • Wilson, S. & Swan, G. 2010. A complete guide to reptiles of Australia, 3rd ed. Chatswood: New Holland, 558 pp.
  • Yewers MSC, Stuart‐Fox D, McLean CA. 2018. Space use and genetic structure do not maintain color polymorphism in a species with alternative behavioral strategies. Ecol Evol. 2018;00:1–12 - get paper here
 
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