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Ctenosaura macrolopha SMITH, 1972

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Higher TaxaIguanidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Sonoran Spiny- tailed Iguana, Cape Spinytail Iguana
S: Garrobo de Sonora 
SynonymCtenosaura hemilopha macrolopha SMITH 1972
Ctenosaura hemilopha macrolopha — TANNER 1987
Ctenosaura macrolopha — GRISMER 1999
Ctenosaura macrolopha — LINER 2007
Ctenosaura macrolopha — LEMOS-ESPINAL & SMITH 2007
Ctenosaura macrolopha — JONES & LOVICH 2009
Ctenosaura macrolopha — VALDEZ-LARES et al. 2013
Ctenosaura macrolopha — ENDERSON et al. 2014
Ctenosaura macrolopha — HEIMES 2022 
DistributionMexico (Chihuahua, Sonora, Sinaloa, Isla Quevedo)

Type locality: "La Posa, San Carlos Bay, 10 mi NW Guaymas, Sonora"  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: FMNH 108705 
Diagnosis 
CommentDistribution: Rorabaugh et al. (2015) mention a report of this species from Nogales, Arizona, which apparently was brought from adjacent Sonora in Mexico. Not in Durango fide Lemos-Espinal (2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Greek makros (μακρός), large, long + Greek lophos (λόφος), neck, crest of hill, ridge, crest of a helmet. [“...A mainland Mexican geographic segment of C. hemilopha with a long middorsal crest reaching to groin...”]. 
References
  • Buckley, Larry J.; Kevin de Queiroz, Tandora D. Grant, Bradford D. Hollingsworth, John B. Iverson (Chair, <br>Stesha A. Pasachnik, and Catherine L. Stephen (Iguana Taxonomy Working Group, ITWG 2016. A Checklist of the Iguanas of the World (Iguanidae; Iguaninae). Herp. Cons. Biol. 11 (Monograph 6) - get paper here
  • Castro-Bastidas, H.A. 2024. Primer registro insular de Ctenosaura macrolopha Smith, 1972 (Squamata: Iguanidae) para México. Revista Ciencia y Mar, XXVIII(82):31-36 - get paper here
  • Edwards, T., K.E. Bonine, C. Ivanyi, and R. Prescott. 2005. The Molecular origins of Spiny-tailed Iguanas (Ctenosaura) on the grounds of the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. Sonoran Herpetologist 18 (11):122-125. - get paper here
  • Enderson, Erik F.; Thomas R. Van Devender, Robert L. Bezy 2014. Amphibians and reptiles of Yécora, Sonora and the Madrean Tropical Zone of the Sierra Madre Occidental in northwestern Mexico. Check List 10 (4): 913-926 - get paper here
  • Grismer, L. Lee. 1999. An evolutionary classification of reptiles on islands in the Gulf of California, México. Herpetologica 55 (4): 446-469 - get paper here
  • Heimes, P. 2022. LIZARDS OF MEXICO - Part 1 Iguanian lizards. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main, 448 pp. - get paper here
  • Jones, L.L. & Lovich, R.E. 2009. Lizards of the American Southwest. A photographic field guide. Rio Nuevo Publishers, Tucson, AZ, 568 pp. [review in Reptilia 86: 84] - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR 2020. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sinaloa, Mexico with a conservation status summary and comparisons with neighboring states. ZooKeys 931: 85-114 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal JA, Smith GR, Rorabaugh JC 2019. A conservation checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Sonora, Mexico, with updated species lists. ZooKeys 829: 131-160 - get paper here
  • Lemos-Espinal, J.A. & Smith, H.M. 2007. Amphibians and reptiles of the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 613 pp.
  • Malone, Catherine L.; Víctor Hugo Reynoso, Larry Buckley 2017. Never judge an iguana by its spines: Systematics of the Yucatan spiny tailed iguana, Ctenosaura defensor (Cope, 1866). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 115: 27-39 - get paper here
  • Nevárez-de los Reyes; Manuel, David Lazcano, Javier Banda-Leal and Ian Recchio 2014. Notes on Mexican Herpetofauna 22: Herpetofauna of the Continental Portion of the Municipality of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 49(8):105-115 - get paper here
  • Rorabaugh, James C., Stephen L. Minter, Thomas R. Van Devender, Thomas R. Jones and J. David Bygott. 2015. Northernmost populations of spiny-tailed iguanas (Ctenosaura). Mesoamerican Herpetology 2 (1): 127–130 - get paper here
  • Smith,H.M. 1972. The sonoran subspecies of the lizard Ctenosaura hemilopha. Great Basin Naturalist 32 (2): 104-111 - get paper here
  • Tanner, W.W. 1987. Lizards and turtles of Western Chihuahua. Great Basin Naturalist. 47: 383-421 - get paper here
  • Valdez-Lares, R.; R. Muñiz-Martínez; E.Gadsden; G. Aguirre-León; G. Castañeda-Gaytán; R. Gonzalez-Trápaga 2013. Checklist of amphibians and reptiles of the state of Durango, México. Check List 9 (4):714-724 - get paper here
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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