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Ctenosaura palearis STEJNEGER, 1899

IUCN Red List - Ctenosaura palearis - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaIguanidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Motagua Spiny-tailed Iguana 
SynonymCtenosaura palearis STEJNEGER 1899: 381
Ctenosaura palearis — BAILEY 1928: 40
Enyaliosaurus palearis — STUART 1963: 68
Enyaliosaurus palearis — DUELLMAN 1966
Enyaliosaurus palearis — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970
Ctenosaura palearis — KÖHLER 2000: 75
Ctenosaura (Loganiosaura) palearis — KÖHLER et al. 2000 
DistributionSE Guatemala (valley of the Rio Motagua).

Type locality: Gualan, Guatemala  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: USNM No. 22703 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: “A large dewlap hanging from posterior part of throat; caudal whorls of spines separated by a single row of flat scales: upper side of tibia covered with large hexagonal scales, each armed with a central spine; dorsal crest high, but composed of 35 to 45 spines only; interrupted in the sacral region.” (BAILEY 1928: 40)


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CommentHas been reported from N Honduras (valley of the Rio Aguan). Not listed for Honduras by KÖHLER (2000). Not listed for Honduras by WILSON & MCCRANIE (2002). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin palearis, of straw, straw-colored. [“...dorsal crest pale yellowish...”]. 
References
  • Alberts, A.C.; Carter, R.L.; Hayes, W.K. & Martins, E.P. (eds.) 2004. Iguanas - Biology and Conservation. University of California Press, 356 pp. - get paper here
  • Ariano-Sánchez, D. and J. Gil-Escobedo 2016. Ctenosaura palearis (Guatemalan Spiny-tailed Iguana) tail trifurcation. Herpetological Review 47(3): 463-464. - get paper here
  • Avery, D. F.; Tanner, W. W. 1971. Evolution of the iguanine lizards (Sauria, Iguanidae) as determined by osteological and myological characters. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin 12 (3): 1-79
  • Buckley L J. & Axtell R W. 1997. Evidence for the specific status of the Honduran lizards formerly referred to Ctenosaura palearis (Reptilia: Squamata: Iguanidae). Copeia 1997 (1): 138-150 - get paper here
  • Buckley L J; Axtell R W 1990. Ctenosaura palearis Stejneger. Paleate spiny-tailed iguana. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 491: 1-3 - get paper here
  • Buckley, Larry J.; Kevin de Queiroz, Tandora D. Grant, Bradford D. Hollingsworth, John B. Iverson (Chair, <br />Stesha A. Pasachnik, and Catherine L. Stephen (Iguana Taxonomy Working Group, ITWG 2016. A Checklist of the Iguanas of the World (Iguanidae; Iguaninae). Herp. Cons. Biol. 11 (Monograph 6) - get paper here
  • Duellman, William E. 1966. The Central American herpetofauna: An ecological perspective. Copeia 1966 (4): 700-719 - get paper here
  • Echternacht, A. C. 1968. Distributional and ecological notes on some reptiles from northern Honduras. Herpetologica 24: 151-58. - get paper here
  • García-Padilla E, DeSantis DL, Rocha A, Mata-Silva V, Johnson JD, Wilson LD. 2020. Conserving the Mesoamerican herpetofauna: the most critical case of the priority level one endemic species. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 14(2) [General Section]: 73–132 (e240) - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 1995. Ctenosaura palearis STEJNEGER, 1899. Sauria 17 Suppl.: 329–332 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Köhler, G. & Vesel 1996. Freilanduntersuchungen zur Morphologie und Lebensweise von Ctenosaura palearis in Honduras und Guatemala. Herpetofauna 18 (102): 23-26 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G.; W. Schroth & B. Streit 2000. Systematics of the Ctenosaura group of lizards (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 21 (2): 177-191 - get paper here
  • Malone, Catherine L.; Víctor Hugo Reynoso, Larry Buckley 2017. Never judge an iguana by its spines: Systematics of the Yucatan spiny tailed iguana, Ctenosaura defensor (Cope, 1866). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 115: 27-39 - get paper here
  • Schardt, M. 1997. Zur Zucht von Ctenosaura palearis aus Honduras, mit Erkentnissen zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie. Herpetofauna 19 (106): 26-34 - get paper here
  • Stejneger, L. 1899. Description of a new species of spiny-tailed iguana from Guatemala. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 21: 381-383 - get paper here
  • Stuart, L.C. 1963. A checklist of the herpetofauna of Guatemala. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan (No. 122): 1-150 - get paper here
  • Vásquez-Contreras, Alejandro, and Daniel Arianó-Sánchez 2016. Endozoochory by the Guatemalan Black Iguana, Ctenosaura palearis (Iguanidae), as a germination trigger for the Organ Pipe Cactus Stenocereus pruinosus (Cactaceae). Mesoamerican Herpetology 3 (3): 662–668 - get paper here
 
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