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Ctenosaura quinquecarinata (GRAY, 1842)

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Higher TaxaIguanidae, Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Five-keeled Spiny-tailed Iguana, Oaxacan Spinytail Iguana 
SynonymCyclura quinquecarinata GRAY 1842: 59
Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus — GRAY 1845: 192
Cyclura (Ctenosaura) quinquecarinata — COPE 1870: 161
Ctenosaura (Enyaliosaurus) quinquecarinata — BOCOURT 1874 (in: DUMÉRIL & BOCOURT)
Ctenosaura quinquecarinata — BOULENGER 1885: 198
Ctenosaura quinquecarinata — GÜNTHER 1885: 58
Ctenosaura quinquecarinata — BAILEY 1928: 42
Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinata — SMITH & TAYLOR 1950: 76
Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinata — WERLER & SMITH 1952
Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinata — DUELLMAN 1966
Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970
Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus — GICCA 1983
Ctenosaura quinquecarinatus — LINER 1994
Ctenosaura quinquecarinata — KÖHLER 2000: 75
Ctenosaura (Enyaliosaurus) quinquecarinata — KÖHLER et al. 2000
Ctenosaura praeocularis HASBÚN & KÖHLER 2009
Ctenosaura praeocularis — MALONE et al. 2017
Ctenosaura quinquecarinata — SUNYER & MARTÍNEZ-FONSECA 2023 
DistributionS Mexico,
Nicaragua (Chontales, Matagalpa, Jinotega, Boaco, Managua, Granada),
El Salvador, NW Costa Rica (Guanacaste)

Type locality: unknown. Restricted to Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, by BAILEY 1928.

praeocularis: Honduras; Type locality: Cerro Las Mesitas, 10 km east of Sabanagrande toward Nueva Armenia, Montegrande, Departamento Francisco Morazán, Honduras, 800 m elevation, 13°46.43’N, 86°11.83’W.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: BMNH 1946.8.30.48
Holotype: SMF 79520, an adult male, collected 8 August 1999 by Carlos Roberto Hasbún. Field tag number H4 [praeocularis] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (quinquecarinata): BAILEY 1928: 43


Additional details (1965 characters) are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentSynonymy: McCranie 2018 (and previous authors) placed Ctenosaura praeocularis in the synonymy of Ctenosaura quinquecarinata.

Distribution: Not listed for Honduras and El Salvador by KÖHLER (2000). Not listed for Honduras by WILSON & MCCRANIE (2002). Not in Mexico and El Salvador fide HUY (2008). Not in Oaxaca fide Mata-Silva et al. 2015.

BURRÉ (2004) described hybridization between Ctenosaura oaxacana and Ctenosaura quinquecarinata.

Type species: Cyclura quinquecarinata GRAY 1842 is the type species of the subgenus Enyaliosaurus GRAY 1845. 
EtymologyThe name quinquecarinata is formed from the Latin quinque (five) and carinatus (keeled). The meaning is unclear as are meanings of many names erected by Gray (see Pyron et al., 2014). 
References
  • Akeret, Beat 2015. Reptilien und Sukkulenten. Draco 16 (62): 21-27
  • Alberts, A.C.; Carter, R.L.; Hayes, W.K. & Martins, E.P. (eds.) 2004. Iguanas - Biology and Conservation. University of California Press, 356 pp. - get paper here
  • Arakelyan, Marine S.; Felix D. Danielyan, Claudia Corti, Roberto Sindaco, and Alan E. Leviton 2011. The Herpetofauna of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. SSAR, Salt Lake City, 154 pp. [ISBN: 978-0-916984-84-7.]
  • Bailey, J. W. 1928. A revision of the lizards of the genus Ctenosaura. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 73 (2733): 1-55. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Buckley, Larry J.; Kevin de Queiroz, Tandora D. Grant, Bradford D. Hollingsworth, John B. Iverson (Chair, <br>Stesha A. Pasachnik, and Catherine L. Stephen (Iguana Taxonomy Working Group, ITWG 2016. A Checklist of the Iguanas of the World (Iguanidae; Iguaninae). Herp. Cons. Biol. 11 (Monograph 6) - get paper here
  • Burré, G. 2004. Bastardierung zwischen Ctenosaura quinquecarinata und C. oaxana. Iguana Rundschreiben 17 (1): 17-21
  • Cope, E.D. 1870. Seventh contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 11: 147-169 [1869] - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1886. On the species of Iguaninae. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 23 (122): 261-271 - get paper here
  • de Queiroz K 1995. Checklist and key to the extant species of Mexican iguanas (Reptilia: Iguaninae). Publ. Esp. Mus. Zool. Univ. Nac. Autón. México 9: 1-48
  • Duellman, William E. 1966. The Central American herpetofauna: An ecological perspective. Copeia 1966 (4): 700-719 - get paper here
  • Gicca, D. F. 1983. Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles ( 329: 1-2. - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1842. Description of some new species of Reptiles, chiefly from the British Museum collection. Zoological Miscellany 2: 57-59. - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1845. Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of die British Museum/Edward Newman, London: xxvii + 289 pp. - get paper here
  • Günther, A. C. L. G. 1885. Reptilia and Batrachia. Biologia Centrali-Américana. Taylor, & Francis, London, 326 pp. [published in parts from 1885-1902; reprint by the SSAR 1987] - get paper here
  • Gutsche, Alexander; Frank Köhler 2008. Phylogeography and hybridization in Ctenosaura species (Sauria, Iguanidae) from Caribbean Honduras: insights from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Zoosystematics and Evolution 84 (2): 245-253 - get paper here
  • Hasbun, C.R. & G. Köhler 2001. On the identity of the holotype of Ctenosaura quinquecarinata (Gray 1842). Senckenbergiana biologica 81: 247-255
  • Hasbun, C.R.; Gomez, A.; Kohler, G.; Lunt, D.H. 2005. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of the Mesoamerican spiny-tailed lizards (Ctenosaura quinquecarinata complex): historical biogeography, species status and conservation. Molecular Ecology 14(1): 3095-3107. - get paper here
  • Hasbún, Carlos Roberto and Gunther Köhler 2009. New Species of Ctenosaura (Squamata, Iguanidae) from Southeastern Honduras. Journal of Herpetology 43 (2): 192-204 - get paper here
  • Hidalgo, H. N. 1980. Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus (Gray) and Leptodeira nigrofasciata Günther in El Salvador. Herpetological Review 11: 42-43 - get paper here
  • Huy, A. 2008. Erfahrungen und Nachzucht des Fünfkiel-Schwarzleguans (Ctenosaura quinquecarinata). Iguana Rundschreiben 21 (2): 5-9
  • Köhler, G. 1995. Freilanduntersuchungen zur Morphologie und Lebensweise des Fünfkiel-Schwarzleguas Ctenosaura quinquecarinata am Isthmus von Thuantepec, Mexico. Herpetofauna 17 (97): 21-26 - get paper here
  • Köhler, G. 2000. Reptilien und Amphibien Mittelamerikas, Bd 1: Krokodile, Schildkröten, Echsen. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, 158 pp.
  • Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd Ed. Herpeton-Verlag, 400 pp.
  • Köhler, G. & C.R. Hasbun 2001. A new species of spiny-tailed iguana from Mexico formerly referred to Ctenosaura quinquecarinata (Gray 1842) (Reptilia, Squamata, Iguanidae). Senckenbergiana biologica 81: 257-267
  • Köhler, G.; W. Schroth & B. Streit 2000. Systematics of the Ctenosaura group of lizards (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 21 (2): 177-191 - get paper here
  • Malone, Catherine L.; Víctor Hugo Reynoso, Larry Buckley 2017. Never judge an iguana by its spines: Systematics of the Yucatan spiny tailed iguana, Ctenosaura defensor (Cope, 1866). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 115: 27-39 - get paper here
  • McCranie, James R. 2015. A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with additions, comments on taxonomy, some recent taxonomic decisions, and areas of further studies needed. Zootaxa 3931 (3): 352–386 - get paper here
  • McCranie, James R. 2018. The Lizards, Crocodiles, and Turtles of Honduras. Systematics, Distribution, and Conservation. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Special Publication Series (2): 1- 666 - get paper here
  • Ollonen, J., Khannoon, E. R., Macrì, S., Vergilov, V., Kuurne, J., Saarikivi, J., ... & Di-Poï, N. 2024. Dynamic evolutionary interplay between ontogenetic skull patterning and whole-head integration. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1-16 - get paper here
  • Rohde, H. 1989. Zur Pflege von Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus (GRAY 1842). Sauria 11 (2): 11-13 - get paper here
  • Savage, J.M. 2002. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Herpetofauna Between Two Continents, Between Two Seas. University of Chicago Press, 934 pp. [review in Copeia 2003 (1): 205]
  • Solís, J. M., L. D. Wilson, and J. H. Townsend. 2014. An updated list of the amphibians and reptiles of Honduras, with comments on their nomenclature. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1: 123–144 - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier 2014. An updated checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 1 (2): 186–202. - get paper here
  • Sunyer, Javier & José́ Gabriel Martínez-Fonseca 2023. An updated country checklist to the amphibians and reptiles of Nicaragua. REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD (100): 1-25 - get paper here
  • Ulber, T. & H. Rohde 1989. Zur Nomenklatur, Verbreitung und zum Aggressionsverhalten von Enyaliosaurus quinquecarinatus. Sauria 11 (3): 21-22 - get paper here
  • Villa, R.J., and N.J. Scott 1967. The iguanid lizard Enyaliosaurus in Nicaragua. Copeia 1967 (2): 474-476 - get paper here
  • Werler, J. E., & SMITH, H. M. 1952. Notes on a collection of reptiles and amphibians from Mexico, 1951-1952. Texas Journal of Science 14: 551-573. - get paper here
  • Werning, H. 2003. Ein neuer Schwarzleguan und eine Schlangengattung aus Mittelamerika. Reptilia (Münster) 8 (40): 12-13 - get paper here
 
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