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Cuora flavomarginata (GRAY, 1863)

IUCN Red List - Cuora flavomarginata - Endangered, EN
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Higher TaxaGeoemydidae (Geoemydinae), Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
SubspeciesCuora flavomarginata flavomarginata (GRAY 1863)
Cuora flavomarginata evelynae ERNST & LOVICH 1990 
Common NamesE: Snake-eating Turtle
G: Gelbrand-Scharnierschildkröte
evelynae: Ryukyu Yellow-margined Box Turtle
Chinese: 黄缘闭壳龟 
SynonymCistoclemmys flavomarginata GRAY 1863: 175
Cistoclemmys flavomarginata GRAY 1864: 107
Cuora flavomarginata — GÜNTHER 1864: 13
Cyclemys flavomarginata — BOULENGER 1889: 135
Cuora amboinensis OKADA 1891 (not of DAUDIN)
Cyclemys flavomarginata — STEJNEGER 1907: 503
Cyclemys flavomarginata sinensis HSÜ 1930
Cuora flavomarginata — KAHL et al. 1980: 115
Cistoclemmys flavomarginata — KING & BURKE 1989
Cuora flavomarginata — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 147
Cuora flavomarginata — XIANGKUI 1994
Cistoclemmys flavomarginata — OBST 2003: 17
Cistoclemmys flavomarginata — BONIN et al. 2006
Cuora flavomarginata sinensis — ERNST & LOVICH 2008
Cuora flavomarginata flavomarginata — TTWG 2021

Cuora flavomarginata evelynae ERNST & LOVICH 1990
Cuora evelynae ERNST & LOVICH 1990
Cuora flavomarginata evelynae — MCCORD & IVERSON 1991
Cuora flavomarginata evelynae — FRITZ & OBST 1998
Cistoclemmys flavomarginata evelynae — OBST 2003: 17
Cuora flavomarginata evelynae — GORIS & MAEDA 2004
Cuora evelynae — ERNST & LOVICH 2008
Cuora evelynae — RHODIN et al. 2010
Cuora flavomarginata evelynae — TTWG 2014
Cuora flavomarginata evelynae — TTWG 2021 
DistributionS China (Fukien, Hunan, and possibly Sichuan provinces, Guangxi, Fujian),
Taiwan, Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Ishigaki Shima, Iriomote)

Type locality: "China. . .Formosa"; restricted to Tamsuy, northwest Formosa [=Taiwan] by Mertens and Wermuth 1955:345.

evelynae: Ryukyu Islands, Japan.  
Reproductionoviparous. 
TypesSyntypes: BMNH 1947.3.5.50 and 1947.3.5.68.
Holotype: CAS 26113 [evelynae] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (2957 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentOTANI et al. (1995) reported hybrids between M. japonica and Cuora flavomarginata and between Geoemyda japonica and C. flavomarginata.

This species is considered “vulnerable” in Japan (Ota 2000).

Photo in HR 43: 215: evelynae. 
References
  • Anonymous 2016. Testudinate China [in both English and Chinese] Testudinate Industry Branch of the China Fishery Association, published on occasion of WCH8; author not explicitly stated, 54 pp.
  • Bartlett, R D & Bartlett, P P 2018. Cuora flavomarginata (Yellow-margined Box Turtle) Longevity and macrocephaly. Herpetological Review 49 (3): 487-488 - get paper here
  • Becker, H. 1996. Bemerkungen zur Haltung und Nachzucht von Cuora flavomarginata flavomarginata (GRAY 1863). Salamandra 32 (2): 65-72 - get paper here
  • Becker, H. 1999. Ergänzende Bemerkungen zur Haltung und zur Nachzucht von Cuora flavomarginata (GRAY 1863). Elaphe 7 (3): 2-10 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1889. Catalogue of the chelonians, rhynchocephalians, and crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum, London, 311 pp. - get paper here
  • Buskirk, James R. 1989. New locality records for Chinese non-marine chelonians [Chinemys reevesii nigricans, Cistoclemmys flavomarginata, Cuora galbinifrons hainanensis pani, Mauremys mutica, Clemmys Oscadia sinensis, Sacalia bealei quadriocellata, Platysternon megacephalum Chinese Herpetological Research 2 (2): 65-68
  • Carl H. Ernst, Arndt F. Laemmerzahl, and Jeffrey E. Lovich 2008. A morphological review of the Cuora flavomarginata complex (Testudines: Geoemydidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 121 (3): 391-397 - get paper here
  • CHAO, LI-LIAN; TIEN-HSI CHEN & CHIEN-MING SHIH. 2022. First zootiological survey of Amblyomma geoemydae ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting a wild turtle (Cuora flavomarginata) in northern Taiwan. Experimental and Applied Acarology. - get paper here
  • Chen, T.-H. & K.-Y. Lue 1999. Population Characteristics and Egg Production of the Yellow-Margined Box Turtle, Cuora flavomarginata flavomarginata, in Northern Taiwan Herpetologica 55 (4): 487-498. - get paper here
  • Chen, T.-H. & K.-Y. Lue 2002. Growth Patterns of the Yellow-Marginated Box Turtle (Cuora flavomarginata) in Northern Taiwan Journal of Herpetology 36 (2): 201-207. - get paper here
  • Chen, T.-H. & K.-Y. Lue 2008. Thermal preference of the yellow-margined box turtle (Cuora flavomarginata) (Testudines: Geoemydidae) inhabiting a mesic lowland forest, northern Taiwan Amphibia-Reptilia, 29(4): 513-522. - get paper here
  • Ernst, C.H. & Lovich,E.J. 1990. A new species of Cuora (Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae) from the Ryukyu Islands. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 103 (1): 26-34 - get paper here
  • ERNST, CARL H. & JEFFREY E. LOVICH 2015. Interanal seam loss in Asian turtles of the Cuora flavomarginata complex (Testudines, Geoemydidae). Herpetological Bulletin (132) - get paper here
  • Ernst,C.H. and Barbour,R.W. 1989. Turtles of the World. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C. - London
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  • Fong, Jonathan J., James Ford Parham and Jinzong Fu 2002. A reassessment of the distribution of Cuora flavomarginata Gray 1863 on mainland China. Russ. J. Herpetol. 9 (1):9-14 - get paper here
  • GAO, ZHIWEI; TIANYU QIAN, JIANPING JIANG, DEJIA HOU, XUEJIAN DENG & DAODE YANG. 2022. Species diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Hunan Province, China. Biodiversity Science 30 (2): 21290, 1–15 - get paper here
  • Goris, R.C. & Maeda, N. 2004. Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Japan. Krieger, Malabar, 285 pp.
  • Gray, J.E. 1863. Observations on the box tortoises, with the descriptions of three new Asiatic species. Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1863: 173-179 - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1864. Observations on the box tortoises, with the description of three new asiatic species. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 13: 105-111 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1864. The Reptiles of British India. London (Taylor & Francis), xxvii + 452 pp. - get paper here
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  • Hsu, Hsi-fan 1930. Preliminary Note on a New Variety of Cyclemys flavomarginata from China. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, Nanjing, Zoological Series 6(1):1-7
  • Innis, Charles J. 2012. Testes Morphology in Cuora flavomarginata: A Response to Kuchling and Griffiths (2012; Chelonian Conservation and Biology 11[1]). Chelonian Conservation and Biology Dec 2012, Vol. 11, No. 2: 273-274. - get paper here
  • Kahl B, Gaupp P & Schmidt G 1980. Das Terrarium. Falken Verlag, Niederhausen (Germany), 336 pp.
  • Kuchling, Gerald 2012. Reply to the Commentary of Charles J. Innis: “Testes Morphology in Cuora flavomarginata”. Chelonian Conservation and Biology Dec 2012, Vol. 11, No. 2: 274-275. - get paper here
  • Landzettel, F. 1999. Erfahrungen bei der Haltung und Vermehrung der Gelbrandscharnierschildkröte, Cuora flavomarginata. Elaphe 7 (4): 13-16
  • Lourenço, João M.; Julien Claude, Nicolas Galtier, Ylenia Chiari 2011. Dating cryptodiran nodes: Origin and diversification of the turtle superfamily Testudinoidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62 (1): - get paper here
  • Lue, K.-Y. & T.-H. Chen 1999. Activity, Movement Patterns, and Home Range of the Yellow-marginated Box Turtle (Cuora flavomarginata) in Northern Taiwan Journal of Herpetology 33 (4): 590-600. - get paper here
  • McCord,W.P. & Iverson,J.B. 1991. A new box turtle of the genus Cuora (Testudines: Emydidae) with taxonomic notes and a key to the species. Herpetologica 47 (4): 407-420 - get paper here
  • McLaughlin, Connor J. and C. Tristan Stayton 2016. Convergent Evolution Provides Evidence of Similar Radiations in Shell Shape in the Turtle Families Emydidae and Geoemydidae. Herpetologica 72 (2): 120-129. - get paper here
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