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Cynisca leucura (DUMÉRIL & BIBRON, 1839)

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Higher TaxaAmphisbaenidae, Amphisbaenia, Lacertoidea, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Coast Worm Lizard 
SynonymAmphisbaena leucura DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1839: 498
Amphisbaena macrura DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1839
Cynisca leucura — GRAY 1865: 371
Amphisbaena petersii BOULENGER 1906
Amphisbaena petersii — WERNER 1913: 14
Cynisca leucura — HOOGMOED 1980

Cynisca leucura — BRYGOO 1990
Cynisca leucura — GANS 2005: 28
Cynisca leucra — MEASEY & TOLLEY 2013: 105 (in error) 
DistributionIvory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Mali, Chad (JF Trape, pers. comm. 16 Aug 2018).

Type locality: ‘‘La côte de Guinée.’’  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: RMNH 3555. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Generally small and slender species with the anterior trunk dorsoventrally compressed, rounded at midbody, and vertically ovate posterior to the cloacal region (normally at or posterior to autotomy site). Headroundedor variablypointed,usually horizontallyoval.Rostralalwaysdiscrete,but (except for C. williamsi in which in broad contact with the prefrontals), small, and visible only as a tiny triangle in dorsal view. All forms with a band of enlarged (and generally paired) dorsal segments extending posteriorly from the snout to incorporate portions of the second or third body annulus. All specimens with one or even two postsupralabials and a zone of variously fused and enlarged segments in the "postocular" region dorsal to these. A lateral groove, filled with small, intercalated triangular segments, between the first third to half of the body and vent. Dorsal sulcus variably expressed; ventral sulcus, if present, indicated only by alignment of sutures. Median ventral segments generally enlarged. In some species, fused into an azygous medial segmental shield. Males of all species with precloacal pores; females of some species without pores or even secretion cores. All species (but C. williamsi) with a caudal autotomy constriction. Distal tip of original tail usually regularly segmented, occasionally showing modifications, such as a dorsal hump or inclined array of segments. (Gans 1987: 22)


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CommentType species: Amphisbaena leucura is the type species of the genus Cynisca GRAY 1844: 71.

For a summary of morphological characters see Hahn 1979: 124 (Table 1). 
References
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1906. Report on the reptiles collected by the late L. Fea in West Africa. Ann. Mus. civ. Stor. Nat. Genova (3) 2: 196-216 - get paper here
  • Brygoo, E. R. 1990. Les types d'Amphisbaenidés, Pygopodidés, Xantusiidés (Reptiles, Sauriens) du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - Catalogue critique. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat. 12 (ser. 4) A (3-4), suppl.: 3-18
  • Chirio, L. 2009. Inventaire des reptiles de la région de la Réserve de Biosphère Transfrontalière du W (Niger/Bénin/Burkina Faso: Afrique de l’Ouest). [Herpetological survey of the W Transfrontier Biosphere Reserve area (Niger/Benin/Burkina Faso: West Africa]. Bull. Soc. Herp. France (132): 13-41 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1839. Erpétologie Générale on Histoire Naturelle Complète des Reptiles. Vol. 5. Roret/Fain et Thunot, Paris, 871 pp. - get paper here
  • Gans C 1987. Studies on amphisbaenians (Reptilia). 7. The small round-headed species (Cynisca) from western Africa. American Museum Novitates (2896): 1-84 - get paper here
  • Gans, C. 2005. CHECKLIST AND BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE AMPHISBAENIA OF THE WORLD. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 289: 1-130 - get paper here
  • Gray,J.E. 1865. A revision of the genera and species of amphisbaenians with the descriptions of some new species now in the collection of the British Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 16: 365-377 - get paper here
  • Hahn D E 1979. A new species of Cynisca (Amphisbaenidae) from the Ivory Coast. Copeia 1979 (1): 122-125 - get paper here
  • Hoogmoed, M.S. 1980. Herpetologische waarnemingen in Ghana [part 6]. Lacerta 38 (8): 76-80 - get paper here
  • Measey, John & Krystal A. Tolley 2013. A molecular phylogeny for sub-Saharan amphisbaenians. African Journal of Herpetology 62 (2): 100-108 - get paper here
  • Moura, M.R., Costa, H.C., Abegg, A.D., Alaminos, E., Angarita-Sierra, T., Azevedo, W.S., Cabral, H., Carvalho, P., Cechin, S., Citeli, N., Dourado, A.C.M., Duarte, A.F.V., França, F.G.R., Freire, E.M.X., Garcia, P.C.A., Mol, R., Montero, R., Moraes-d 2022. Unwrapping broken tails: Biological and environmental correlates of predation pressure in limbless reptiles. Journal of Animal Ecology. 92(2):324–337 - get paper here
  • Segniagbeto, Gabriel Hoinsoude; Jean-François Trape, Komlan M. Afiademanyo, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Annemarie Ohler, Alain Dubois, Patrick David, Danny Meirte, Isabelle Adolé Glitho, Fabio Petrozzi, and Luca Luiselli 2015. Checklist of the lizards of Togo (West Africa), with comments on systematics, distribution, ecology, and conservation. Zoosystema 37 (2): 381-402 - get paper here
  • Trape, J.F.; Mané, Y. 2015. Note sur une collection d’amphisbènes (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) d’Afrique occidentale. Bull. Soc. Herp. France 154 : 35-60
  • Trape, Jean-François & Youssouph Mané 2017. The snakes of Mali. Bonn zoological Bulletin 66 (2): 107–133 - get paper here
  • Ullenbruch, K.; Grell, O.; Böhme, W. 2010. Reptiles from southern Benin, West Africa, with the description of a new Hemidactylus (Gekkonidae), and a country-wide checklist. Bonn Zool. Bull. 57 (1): 31-54 - get paper here
  • Werner, F. 1913. Neue oder seltene Reptilien und Frösche des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. Reptilien der Ostafrika-Expedition der Hamburger Geographischen Gesellschaft 1911/12. Leiter: Dr. E. Obst. Reptilien und Amphibien von Formosa. [these are 3 separate re Jb. Hamb. wiss. Anst., 30 [1912], 2. Beiheft: 1-39, 40-45, 45-51 - get paper here
 
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