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Deirochelys reticularia (LATREILLE, 1801)

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Higher TaxaEmydidae, Deirochelyinae, Testudinoidea, Testudines (turtles)
SubspeciesDeirochelys reticularia reticularia (LATREILLE 1801)
Deirochelys reticularia chrysea SCHWARTZ 1956
Deirochelys reticularia miaria SCHWARTZ 1956 
Common NamesE: Chicken Turtle
reticularia: Eastern Chicken Turtle
chrysea: Florida Chicken Turtle
miaria: Western Chicken Turtle
G: Langhals-Schmuckschildkröte 
SynonymTestudo reticularia LATREILLE in SONNINI & LATREILLE 1801: 124
Testudo reticulata DAUDIN 1802
Emys Reticulata — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1835: 291
Deirochelys reticularia — AGASSIZ 1857: 414
Emys reticularia — GRAY (fide GRAY 1863: 180)
Deirochelys reticularia GRAY 1870
Chrysemys reticulata BOULENGER 1889
Deirochelys reticularia — ALLEN 1932
Deirochelys reticularia — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 215
Deirochelys reticularia — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 72
Deirochelys reticularia — CROTHER 2000
Deirochelys reticularia — TTWG 2014
Deirochelys reticularia — TTWG 2021

Deirochelys reticularia reticularia (LATREILLE 1801)
Deirochelys reticularia reticularia — SCHWARTZ 1956: 476
Deirochelys reticularia reticularia — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 73
Deirochelys reticularia reticularia — CROTHER 2000
Deirochelys reticularia reticularia — RHODIN et al. 2010
Deirochelys reticularia reticularia — TTWG 2021

Deirochelys reticularia chrysea SCHWARTZ 1956
Deirochelys reticularia chrysea SCHWARTZ 1956: 486
Deirochelys reticularia chrysea — WERMUTH & MERTENS 1977: 25
Deirochelys reticularia chrysea — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 216
Deirochelys reticularia chrysea — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 73
Deirochelys reticularia chrysea — CROTHER 2000
Deirochelys reticularia chrysea — OBST 2003: 11
Deirochelys reticularia chrysea — RHODIN et al. 2010
Deirochelys reticularia chrysea — TTWG 2021

Deirochelys reticularia miaria SCHWARTZ 1956
Deirochelys reticularia miaria SCHWARTZ 1956
Deirochelys reticularia miaria — WERMUTH & MERTENS 1977: 25
Deirochelys reticularia miaria — ERNST & BARBOUR 1989: 216
Deirochelys reticularia miaria — CONANT & COLLINS 1991: 73
Deirochelys reticularia miaria — CROTHER 2000
Deirochelys reticularia miaria — RHODIN et al. 2010
Deirochelys reticularia miaria — TTWG 2021 
DistributionUSA (SE Virginia, along the Atlantic coastal Plain in S North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, along the Gulf Coastal Plain in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, E Texas; Oklahoma, Arkansas, SE Missouri)

chrysea: SE USA (Florida); type locality: 5,8 miles east of Monroe Station, Collier County, Florida.

miaria: SE USA (SE Oklahoma, S/E Arkansas, E New Mexico, E Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Texas); type locality: College Station, Brazos County,Texas.

reticularia: USA (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia); Type locality: vicinity of Charleston, South Carolina (restricted by K.P. SCHMIDT 1953).  
Reproductionoviparous. Temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) fide Cornejo-Páramo et al. 2020 (and references therein). 
TypesNeotype: NCSM 88836 (was: ChM 54.48.1 = Charleston Museum)
Holotype: FMNH 37478. Paratypes: AMNH 36726; BCBC 225, 3044–46, 4690, 4694; CHM 55.39.3; CM 5443–45; FMNH 37482, 46282–83, 52995–96; KU 3145; SMBU 0085, 157, 160, 6684; TCWC 326, 691, 4679, 4680, 7278; TNHC 6035, 7325, 8905–07; INHS (= UIMNH) 2397, 28503, 31696 [miaria]
Holotype: UMMZ 111440 [chrysea] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (3536 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentType species: Testudo reticularia LATREILLE 1801: 124 is the type species of the genus Deirochelys AGASSIZ 1857: 441.

Habitat: freshwater (swamps, rivers)

NCBI taxonID: 2804326 [Deirochelys reticularia chrysea] 
EtymologyNamed after reticularia = netted; referring to the carapacial net-like pattern; miaria means “stained”; referring to the dark plastral pattern.

The genus was named after Greek deire = neck and Greek chelys = tortoise, possibly in allusion to long neck (Beltz 2006). Alternatively, the genus name can mean hill, or hump, turtle, referring to the domed carapace of the female (or “apparently an allusion to the extremely long neck” (Zug & Schwartz, 1971). 
References
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  • Allen, Morrow J. 1932. A survey of the Amphibians and reptiles of Harrison County, Mississippi. American Museum Novitates (542): 1-20 - get paper here
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  • BOWERS, BRANDON C.; DANIELLE K. WALKUP, TOBY J. HIBBITTS, PAUL S. CRUMP, WADE A. RYBERG, A. MICHELLE LAWING & ROEL R. LOPEZ. 2021. Should I Stay or Should I Go? Spatial Ecology of Western Chicken Turtles (Deirochelys reticularia miaria). Herpetological Conservation and Biology 16(3): 594–611. - get paper here
  • BOWERS, BRANDON C.; RACHEL L. HIBBITTS, TOBY J. HIBBITTS, DANIELLE K. WALKUP, WADE A. RYBERG, ROEL R. LOPEZ & PAUL S. CRUMP. 2022. Fecundity, Female Maturation, and Nesting Season of Western Chicken Turtles (Deirochelys reticularia miaria) in Texas. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 2022. - get paper here
  • Brown, G. 2017. Geographic Distribution: Deirochelys reticularia reticularia (Eastern Chicken Turtle). Herpetological Review 48 (4): 809 - get paper here
  • Buhlmann, K.A. 1995. Habitat Use, Terrestrial Movements, and Conservation of the Turtle, Deirochelys reticularia in Virginia Journal of Herpetology 29 (2): 173-181. - get paper here
  • Buhlmann, K.A., T.K. Lynch, J.W. Gibbons & J.L. Greene 1995. Prolonged Egg Retention in the Turtle Deirochelys reticularia in South Carolina Herpetologica 51 (4): 457-462. - get paper here
  • Buhlmann, Kurt A.; Justin D. Congdon, J. Whitfield Gibbons, and Judith L. Greene 2009. Ecology of Chicken Turtles (Deirochelys reticularia) in a Seasonal Wetland Ecosystem: Exploiting Resource and Refuge Environments. Herpetologica 65 (1): 39-53 - get paper here
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  • Cornejo-Páramo, P., Lira-Noriega, A., Ramírez-Suástegui, C. et al. 2020. Sex determination systems in reptiles are related to ambient temperature but not to the level of climatic fluctuation. BMC Evol Biol 20: 103 - get paper here
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  • Dinkelacker, Stephen A. and Nathanael L. Hilzinger 2014. Demographic and Reproductive Traits of Western Chicken Turtles, Deirochelys reticularia miaria, in Central Arkansas. Journal of Herpetology 48 (4): 439-444. - get paper here
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  • Gibbons, J. W. 1969. Ecology and population dynamics of the chicken turtle, Deirochelys reticularia. Copeia 1969 (4): 669-676 - get paper here
  • Gibbons, J. W.; Greene, J. L. 1978. Selected aspects of the ecology of the chicken turtle, Deirochelys reticularia (Latreille)(Reptilia, Testudines, Emydidae). Journal of Herpetology 12 (2): 237-241 - get paper here
  • Gray, J. E. 1863. Notes on American Emydidae, and Professor Agassiz’s observations on my Catalogue of them. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (3) 12: 176-183 - get paper here
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  • Jackson, C. G., Jr. 1974. An unusual pattern of cervical central articulation in Deirochelys reticularia. Copeia 1974 (3): 788 - get paper here
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  • Latreille, P.A. 1802. In: C.N.S. Sonnini de Manoncourt and P.A. Latreille. Histoire Naturelle des Reptiles, avec Figures Déssinnées d'après Nature. Vol. 1. Détérville, Paris, xx + 280 p. [1802] - get paper here
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