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Dendroaspis viridis (HALLOWELL, 1844)

IUCN Red List - Dendroaspis viridis - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Western Green Mamba
G: Grüne Mamba 
SynonymLeptophis viridis HALLOWELL 1844: 172
Leptophis viridis — HALLOWELL 1854: 100
Dendraspis viridis — BOULENGER 1896: 435
Dendraspis viridis [sic] — WERNER 1899
Dendroaspis viridis — HARDING & WELCH 1980
Dendroaspis viridis hallowelli YEOMANS 1993
Dendroaspis viridis — RÖDEL & MAHSBERG 2000
Dendroaspis viridis hallowelli — BARNETT & EMMS 2005
Dendroaspis viridis — WALLACH et al. 2014: 223
Dendroaspis viridis — SENTER & CHIPPAUX 2022 
DistributionGambia, Senegal, Guinea (Conakry), Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Sierra Leone, Benin, Central African Republic ?, Togo, Nigeria

Type locality: Liberia  
Reproductionoviparous (6-14 eggs, hatchlings 40-45 m) 
TypesHolotype: ANSP 6893 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1636 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Distribution: For St. Tomé island Bocage (1892) refers to the green mamba with rows of scales. This agrees with D. viridis (wich Bocage probably was not aware at that time), not with D. jamesonii; in 1905 Bocage corrects D. jamesonii to D. viridis. See CHIRIO & INEICH 2006 for a discussion of D. viridis in the Central African Republic.

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin viridis, green. 
References
  • Aeberhard, R. 2008. Beobachtungen zum Verhalten der grün gefärbten Mambas (Dendroaspis viridis, D. angusticeps und D. jamesoni kaimosae) im Terrarium. Reptilia (Münster) 13 (70): 26-30 - get paper here
  • Akeret, B. 2004. Grundlagen der Giftschlangenhaltung. Draco 5 (17): 37-53 - get paper here
  • Barnett, Linda K. 2001. The herpetofauna of Abuko Nature Reserve, the Gambia. Herpetological Bulletin (77): 5-1 - get paper here
  • Barnett, Linda K. & Emms, Craig 2005. Common reptiles of The Gambia. Rare Repro, Hailsham, East Sussex, 24 pp.
  • Bocage, J.V.B. du 1905. Contribution à la faune des quatre îles du Golfe de Guinée, IV- Île de St. Thomé. Jorn. Acad. Sci. Lisboa, VII (2): 65-96
  • Bocage,J.V.B. du 1892. Notice sur les Amphibiens et Reptiles recueillis par M.A.F. Moller aux îles de la Guinée par le Dr. J. Bedriaga. Journ. Acad. Sci. Lisboa, II (9): 229-232
  • Bocage,J.V.B. du 1892. Note sur le « Dendroaspis » de l´ile de St. Thomé. Journ. Acad. Sci. Lisboa, II (8): 265-266
  • Böhme, Wolfgang, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Christian Brede & Philipp Wagner 2011. The reptiles (Testudines, Squamata, Crocodylia) of the forested southeast of the Republic Guinea (Guinée forestière), with a country-wide checklist. Bonn zoological Bulletin 60 (1): 35-61 - get paper here
  • Briscoe, M.S. 1949. Notes on Snakes Collected in Liberia. Copeia 1949 (1): 16-18 - get paper here
  • Chippaux, Jean-Philippe & Kate Jackson 2019. Snakes of Central and Western Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press, 448 pp. [detaileld review in HR 51 (1): 161] - get paper here
  • Dobiey, M. & Vogel, G. 2007. Venomous Snakes of Africa - Giftschlangen Afrikas. Edition Chimaira, Terralog 15, 150 pp. - get paper here
  • Hallowell, E. 1844. Description of new species of African reptiles. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1844: 169-172 - get paper here
  • Hallowell,E. 1854. Remarks on the geographical distribution of reptiles, with descriptions of several species supposed to be new, and corrections of former papers. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1854: 98-105 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Hughes, B. 2013. Snakes of Bénin, West Africa. Bull. Soc. Herp. France 144: 101-159
  • Kamp, P. 2008. Serpo, de start van een nieuw begin. Lacerta 66 (1-3): 112-114 - get paper here
  • Laita, Mark 2013. Serpentine. Abrams and PQ Blackwell, Auckland, New Zealand, 200 unnumbered pages
  • Menzies, J.I. 1966. The snakes of Sierra Leone. Copeia 1966 (2): 169-179. - get paper here
  • Musah, Yahaya; Benjamin Y. Ofori and Daniel K. Attuquayefio 2019. Herpetofauna community diversity and composition of a changing coastal wetland in Ghana. West African Journal of Applied Ecology 27 (1): 52 - 65
  • Olivier, R. 2008. Kleine gifslangengalerij. Lacerta 66 (1-3): 47-57 - get paper here
  • Rödel M O; Mahsberg D 2000. Vorläufige Liste der Schlangen des Tai-Nationalparks/Elfenbeinküste und angrenzender Gebiete. Salamandra 36 (1): 25-38 - get paper here
  • Rödel,M.O.; Kouadio,K, & Mahsberg,D. 1999. Die Schlangenfauna des Comoé-Nationalparks, Elfenbeinküste: Ergänzungen und Ausblick. Salamandra 35 (3): 165-180 - get paper here
  • Segniagbeto GLazcano. H., Trape J. F., David P., Ohler A., Dubois A. & Glitho I. A. 2011. The snake fauna of Togo: systematics, distribution and biogeography, with remarks on selected taxonomic problems. Zoosystema 33 (3): 325-360. DOI: 10.5252/z2011n3a4 - get paper here
  • Segniagbeto, G.H.; Dekawole, J.K.; Ketoh, G.K.; Dendi, D.; Luiselli, L. 2022. Herpetofaunal Diversity in a Dahomey Gap Savannah of Togo (West Africa): Effects of Seasons on the Populations of Amphibians and Reptiles. Diversity 14: 964
  • Senter, P. J., & Chippaux, J. P. 2022. Biogeography of snakes in Liberia: Review and synthesis of current knowledge. Ghana Journal of Science, 63(1), 29-62 - get paper here
  • Spawls, S., Branch, B. 1995. The Dangerous Snakes of Africa. Blandford, London, 192 pp.
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • Trape, J.-F. & Mané, Y. 2006. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale. Savane et désert. [Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger]. IRD Editions, Paris, 226 pp. - get paper here
  • TRAPE, JEAN-FRANÇOIS & CELLOU BALDÉ 2014. A checklist of the snake fauna of Guinea, with taxonomic changes in the genera Philothamnus and Dipsadoboa (Colubridae) and a comparison with the snake fauna of some other West African countries. Zootaxa 3900 (3): 301–338 - get paper here
  • Ullenbruch, K.; Grell, O.; Böhme, W. 2010. Reptiles from southern Benin, West Africa, with the description of a new Hemidactylus (Gekkonidae), and a country-wide checklist. Bonn Zool. Bull. 57 (1): 31-54 - get paper here
  • Valverde, J. 2008. Mambas. Reptilia (Münster) 13 (70): 18-25 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner, F. 1899. Ueber Reptilien und Batrachier aus Togoland, Kamerun und Deutsch-Neu-Guinea grösstentheils aus dem k. Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 49: 132-157 - get paper here
  • Werning, H. 2009. Das Serpentarium des Snakeparadise in Eschlikon in der Schweiz. Reptilia (Münster) 14 (79): 76-82 - get paper here
 
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