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Dendroaspis angusticeps (SMITH, 1849)

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Higher TaxaElapidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Green Mamba
G: Blattgrüne Mamba, Gewöhnliche Mamba 
SynonymNaja angusticeps SMITH 1849: 70
Naja angusticeps — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 1301
Dendraphis angusticeps GÜNTHER 1858
Dendroaspis intermedius GÜNTHER 1865: 98
Dendrospis [sic] angusticeps — BOULENGER 1897: 376 (in error)
Dendroaspis sjöstedti LÖNNBERG 1910
Dendraspis [sic] angusticeps — STERNFELD 1910: 57
Dendroaspis angusticeps — HARDING & WELCH 1980
Dendroaspis angusticeps — WELCH 1994: 55
Dendroaspis angusticeps — BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991: 24
Dendroaspis angusticeps — RAZETTI & MSUYA 2002
Dendroaspis intermedius — BROADLEY & BLAYLOCK 2013
Dendroaspis intermedius — WALLACH et al. 2014: 222
Dendroaspis angusticeps — WALLACH et al. 2014: 222
Dendroaspis angusticeps — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 561 
DistributionKenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi, E Zimbabwe,
Republic of South Africa (Natal), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire) [CHIFUNDERA 1990]

Type locality: Natal  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: lost, was BMNH 1946.1.20.48; lost fide Broadley in Golay et al. (1993: 128).
Holotype: BMNH 1946.1.20.48 [intermedius] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (706 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

Synonymy: The status of Dendroaspis intermedius remains unclear. WALLACH et al. 2014: 293 list it as valid citing a pers. comm. by Wüster. However, W. Wüster recommended to leave it as a synonym of D. angusticeps for the time being (pers. comm. 25 Aug 2015).

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Latin “angustus, -a, -um” = narrow and the abbreviated term “-ceps” for “caput” = head. 
References
  • Aeberhard, R. 2008. Beobachtungen zum Verhalten der grün gefärbten Mambas (Dendroaspis viridis, D. angusticeps und D. jamesoni kaimosae) im Terrarium. Reptilia (Münster) 13 (70): 26-30 - get paper here
  • Aeberhard, R. 2010. Kunstpflanzen im Terrarium. Draco 11 (41): 64-68 - get paper here
  • Angel, Fernand 1925. Résultats Scientifiques. Vertebrata. Reptiles et Batraciens. [Mabuia (Mabuiopsis) jeanneli, Lygosoma graueri quinquedigitata, Ablepharus massaiensis]. In: Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique Orientale (1911-1912). - Paris, 2: 1-63.
  • Angilletta, Michael J., Jr 1994. Sedentary behavior by green mambas Dendroaspis angusticeps. Herpetological Natural History 2 (2): 105-111
  • Armitage, W. W. 1965. Observations on Differences in Morphology and Behavior of Dendroaspis angusticeps and Dendroaspis polylepis. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (1): 12-16 - get paper here
  • Bates, M.F.; Branch, W.R., Bauer, A.M.; Burger, M., Marais, J.; Alexander, G.J. & de Villliers, M.S. (eds.) 2014. Atlas and Red List of the Reptiles of South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Suricata 1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 512 pp.
  • Boulenger,G.A. 1897. On little-known snakes from Natal. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 20: 374-376 - get paper here
  • Branch, W. R. 1981. The venomous snakes of southern Africa 2. Elapidae and Hydrophidae. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 17 (1): 1-47 - get paper here
  • Branch, William R. 1993. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers, 144 S.
  • Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70
  • Broadley, D.G. 1959. The herpetology of Southern Rhodesia. Part I--the snakes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 120 (1): 1-100 [reprint 1972] - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G. 1962. On some reptile collections from the North-Western and North-Eastern Districts of Southern Rhodesia 1958-1961, with descriptions of four new lizards. Occ. Pap. Nat. Mus. South. Rhodesia 26 (B): 787-843
  • Chifundera, K. 1990. Snakes of Zaire and their bites. Afr. Stud. Monogr. (Kyoto) 10(3): 137-157.
  • Chiszar, D., D. Mehaffey, F. Antonio & H.M. Smith 1994. Strike-induced chemosensory searching in eastern green mambas (Dendroaspis angusticeps) Bull. Maryland Herpetol. Soc., 30(4): 149-156. - get paper here
  • Dobiey, M. & Vogel, G. 2007. Venomous Snakes of Africa - Giftschlangen Afrikas. Edition Chimaira, Terralog 15, 150 pp. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C., Bibron, G. & DUMÉRIL, A. H. A., 1854. Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Deuxième partie, comprenant l'histoire des serpents venimeux. Paris, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret: i-xii + 781-1536 - get paper here
  • Farooq, Harith; Cristóvão Nanvonamuquitxo, Bibiana Nassongole, Werner Conradie, Roger Bills, Amadeu Soares, and Alexandre Antonelli 2022. Shedding Light on a Biodiversity Dark Spot: Survey Of Amphibians and Reptiles of Pemba Region in Northern Mozambique. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 17 (2): - get paper here
  • Fischer, O. 2018. Spannende Reptilien und moderne Technik in neuen Schweizer Zooanlagen – Jurrasic Park lebt! Teil 4: Fachgerechte Beleuchtung für Zoo-Anlagen am Beispiel von Aquatis. Reptilia 23 (132): 52-60
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  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Kratzer, H. 1973. Terrarien-Nachzucht von Dendroaspis angusticeps (Serpentes, Elapidae). Salamandra 9 (1): 36-38 - get paper here
  • Laita, Mark 2013. Serpentine. Abrams and PQ Blackwell, Auckland, New Zealand, 200 unnumbered pages
  • Lönnberg, E. 1907. Reptilia and Batrachia. In: Sjöstedt, Y. (Hrsg.): Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen 1905-1906. - Upsala, No. 4, 1-18 - get paper here
  • Loveridge, A. 1957. On a third collection of reptiles taken in Tanganyika by C.J.P. Ionides, Esq. Tanganyika Notes and Records 43: 1-19
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