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Dendrophidion crybelum CADLE, 2012

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common Names 
SynonymDendrophidion crybelum CADLE 2012
Dendrophidion vinitor — SAVAGE 1973: 14 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — SAVAGE 1980: 92 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — COTT et al., 1983: 372 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — SAVAGE & VILLA 1986: 17, 148, 169 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — LIEB 1988: 171 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — VILLA et al., 1988: 63 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — LIEB 1991: 522.1–522.2 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — AUTH 1994: 16 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — LEE 1996, fig. 164 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — SAVAGE 2002: 655–656 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — GOLDBERG 2003: 298– 300 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — STAFFORD 2003: 111 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — SOLÓRZANO 2004: 236–239 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — GUYER & DONNELLY 2005: 185 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — MCCRANIE et al., 2006: 147– 148 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — KÖHLER 2008: 215 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — SAVAGE & BOLAÑOS 2009: 14 (part.)
Dendrophidion vinitor — MCCRANIE 2011: 111 (part).
Dendrophidion crybelum — WALLACH et al. 2014: 225 
DistributionCosta Rica, Panama

Type locality: Finca Las Cruces, near San Vito de Java, 4 km S San Vito, 1,200 m elevation, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica  
Reproductionoviparous (not imputed, fide Zimin et al. 2022) 
TypesHolotype: LACM 148599, an adult male. Collected in September 1972 by James E. DeWeese and Ron T. Harris. Figs. 2C, 12, 14B in Cadle 2012. 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Dendrophidion crybelum is characterized by (1) dorsocaudal reduction from 8 to 6 occurring posterior to subcaudal 40 (range, 42–58); (2) single anal plate; (3) low subcaudal counts (<120 in males and females); (4) black-edged pale crossbands on the neck nearly always more than one scale row wide; (5) pale crossbands continuing to the vent but posteriorly tending to become invested with dark pigment, forming a lateral and vertebral series of ocelli within dark bands; (6) in adults, a tendency for small dark spots and flecks on subcaudals and posterior ventrals; (7) a relatively long cylindrical hemipenis with a large number of spines (>70) and a short, nonbulbous apex ornamented with freestanding membranous ridges. The combination of few subcaudals and a single anal plate will distinguish D. crybelum from all other species of Dendrophidion except D. vinitor, D. apharocybe, and D. paucicarinatum. (CADLE 2012: 210) 
CommentDistribution: not known from Panama with certainty, but the closest locality in Costa Rica is only ~1 km away from the Panamanian border, hence most likely in Panama too (S. Lotzkat, pers. comm., 23 Dec 2015).

Habitat: partly arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyThe species name is derived from the Greek adjective krybelos meaning ‘‘hidden’’ or ‘‘secret.’’ Transliteration to Latin yields crybelum (with neuter gender ending to agree with the neuter generic name). It recognizes the cryptic nature of this species and the fact that it remained unrecognized for so long in a well-studied herpetofauna. 
References
  • Cadle, John E. 2012. Cryptic Species Within the Dendrophidion vinitor Complex In Middle America (Serpentes: Colubridae). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 160 (4): 183-240. - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Morato, Sérgio Augusto Abrahão; Guilherme Nunes Ferreira; Michela Rossane Cavilha Scupino (eds.) 2018. Herpetofauna da Amazônia Central: Estudos na FLONA de Saracá-Taquera. Curitiba, Pr: STCP Engenharia de Projetos Ltda.; Porto Trombetas, Pa: MRN – Mineração Rio do Norte S.A., 2018.<br>210p. - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Zimin, A., Zimin, S. V., Shine, R., Avila, L., Bauer, A., Böhm, M., Brown, R., Barki, G., de Oliveira Caetano, G. H., Castro Herrera, F., Chapple, D. G., Chirio, L., Colli, G. R., Doan, T. M., Glaw, F., Grismer, L. L., Itescu, Y., Kraus, F., LeBreton 2022. A global analysis of viviparity in squamates highlights its prevalence in cold climates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 00, 1–16 - get paper here
 
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