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Dieurostus dussumieri (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)

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Higher TaxaHomalopsidae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Kerala Mud Snake, Dussumier's Water Snake 
SynonymEurostus dussumieri DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854: 953
Hypsirhina dussumieri — JAN 1868 (fide SMITH 1943)
Hypsirhina malabarica WERNER 1913: 26 (fide SMITH 1943)
Enhydris dussumieri — SMITH 1943: 389
Enhydris dussumieri — MERTENS 1959
Enhydris dussumieri — DAS 1996: 56
Enhydris dussumieri — MURPHY 2007: 109
Enhydris dussumieri — KUMAR & CAPTAIN 2011
Enhydris dussumierii — CHANDRAMOULI et al. 2012
Dieurostus dussumieri — KUMAR et al. 2012
Dieurostus dussumieri — MURPHY & VORIS 2014: 14
Dieurostus dussumierii — WALLACH et al. 2014: 227 
DistributionIndia (S/C Kerala)

Type locality: none given

malabarica: Type locality: Cochin, Malabar Coast, “Vorder-Indien” [India].  
Reproductionovovivparous 
TypesSyntypes: MNHN-RA 3458 (fide Murphy & Voris 2014); other sources give MNHN-RA 3751 and MNHN-RA 3752. MNHN-RA 3458 is wrong and correspond to another species from Gabon - MNHN-RA 3751 and MNHN-RA 3752 are syntypes according to MNHN registers (I. Ineich, March 2019)
Holotype: originally in ZMH, but now lost (fide Smith, 1943) [Hypsirhina malabarica] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus). Dieurostus is distinguished from all other homalopsids with 25 or 27 rows of smooth scales, nasal scales in contact, and posterior labials horizontally divided, by its divided internasal, upper labials 1–3 contacting the loreal, five lower labials contacting the chin shields (doriae has upper labials 2–5 or 2–6 contacting the loreal), and its striped pattern (sieboldii has a blotched-banded dorsal pattern, the internasal may contact the loreal, and it has three lower labials contacting the chin shields) [KUMAR et al. 2012].
 
CommentType species: Eurostus dussumieri DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL 1854 is the type species of the genus Dieurostus BERG 1901. Hypsirhina malabarica Werner (1913) may be a second species of this genus. The type specimen was destroyed during World War II and had 25 scale rows at mid body (KUMAR et al. 2012). SMith 1943 synonymized Dieurostus with Enhydris, a position that Mertens 1959 confirmed (although he stated that Dieurostus may be considered a subgenus).

Distribution: not in Bangladesh (S.R. Gaensh, pers. comm. 10 May 2013).

Habitat: aquatic; ponds, canals, occasionally in brackish (marine) waters. 
EtymologyNamed after Jean-Jacques Dussumier (1792-1883), a trader-shipowner in the French mercantile marine, who collected specimens from many areas. 
References
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Blackburn, D.G. & Stewart, J.R. 2011. Viviparity and placentation in snakes. In Aldridge & Sever (eds), Reproductive biology and phylogeny in snakes. CRC Press, pp. 119-181 - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Chandramouli, S. R. et al. 2012. Expanded description of Enhydris dussumierii (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) (Reptilia: Colubridae: Homalopsinae). Taprobanica 4 (1): 42-47 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C., Bibron, G. & DUMÉRIL, A. H. A., 1854. Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Deuxième partie, comprenant l'histoire des serpents venimeux. Paris, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret: i-xii + 781-1536 - get paper here
  • Ganesh, S., Nandhini, T., Samuel, V., Sreeraj, C., Abhilash, K., Purvaja, R., & Ramesh, R. 2019. Marine snakes of Indian coasts: historical resume, systematic checklist, toxinology, status, and identification key. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 11(1), 13132-13150 - get paper here
  • Kumar, A. Biju and Ashok Captain 2011. Recent records of the endemic Kerala mud snake, Enhydris dussumierii (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) from India. Current Science 100 (6): 928-932
  • Kumar, A. Biju; Kate L. Sanders , Sanil George & John C. Murphy 2012. The status of Eurostus dussumierii and Hypsirhina chinensis (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes): with comments on the origin of salt tolerance in homalopsid snakes. Systematics and Biodiversity 10 (4): 479-489 - get paper here
  • Mertens, R. 1959. Eine neue Wassernatter aus West-Pakistan. Senckenbergiana biologica 40: 117-120
  • Murphy, J.C. & Voris, H.K. 2014. A Checklist and Key to the Homalopsid Snakes (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes), with the Description of New Genera. FIELDIANA: LIFE AND EARTH SCIENCES (8): 1–43 - get paper here
  • Murphy, John C. 2007. Homalopsid Snakes: Evolution in the Mud. Krieger Publishing, Malabar, Florida, 249 pp.
  • Palot, M.J. 2015. A checklist of reptiles of Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 7(13): 8010–8022 - get paper here
  • Sharma, R. C. 2004. Handbook Indian Snakes. AKHIL BOOKS, New Delhi, 292 pp.
  • Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3 (Serpentes). Taylor and Francis, London. 583 pp.
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Werner, F. 1913. Neue oder seltene Reptilien und Frösche des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. Reptilien der Ostafrika-Expedition der Hamburger Geographischen Gesellschaft 1911/12. Leiter: Dr. E. Obst. Reptilien und Amphibien von Formosa. [these are 3 separate re Jb. Hamb. wiss. Anst., 30 [1912], 2. Beiheft: 1-39, 40-45, 45-51 - get paper here
 
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