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Diplolaemus darwinii BELL, 1843

IUCN Red List - Diplolaemus darwinii - Least Concern, LC
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Higher TaxaLeiosauridae (Leiosaurinae), Iguania, Sauria, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Darwin's Iguana 
SynonymDiplolaemus Darwinii BELL 1843: 20
Diplolaemus darwinii — GRAY 1845: 225
Diplolaemus darwinii — BOULENGER 1885: 126
Leiosaurus darwinii — GALLARDO 1961: 115
Diplolaemus darwinii — PETERS & DONOSO-BARROS 1970: 110
Diplolaemus darwinii — PEREZ et al. 2011
Diplolaemus darwinii — CARVALHO et al. 2023 
DistributionArgentina (Patagonia [HR 32: 64], Santa Cruz, Chubut: HR 32: 57; Rio Negro), Chile

Type locality: “Port Desire” [= Puerto Deseado], Argentina  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesType: BMNH (fide Pedro Victoriano, pers. comm., 6 April 2015). 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): “Typical of the genus are the absence of palatal teeth and the strong blunt-tipped lateral teeth. The absence of a sternal fontanelle, the fusion of the mandibular Meckel's groove (Fig. 53, D), the presence of nuchal endolymphatic sacs with calcified concretions, the integument fused to the bone sculptures of the skull, the four sternal ribs and the non-autotomic caudal vertebrae are characters shared with other anoloids. The subdigital lamellae of Diplolaemus are smooth, the rostral and mental scales are conspicuous, the dorsal scales granular and flattened, the subocular ones subdivided into a central plate flanked by small lateral scales; the gular fold is always complete and highly accentuated.” (translated from Cei 1986).


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CommentType species: Diplolaemus Darwinii BELL 1843: 20 is the type species of the genus Diplolaemus BELL 1843.

Phylogenetics: The genera Diplolaemus, Leiosaurus, and Pristidactylus have been combined in the Leiosaurae clade (Morando et al. 2015). 
EtymologyNamed after Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882), author of “On the Origin of Species ...”.

The genus was named after Greek diplo (διπλο), double + Greek laimos (λαιμός), throat, gullet. [“...The neck ... has a longitudinal fold on each side ... There is also a distinct transverse fold on the throat...”]. 
References
  • AVILA, LUCIANO JAVIER; LORENA ELIZABETH MARTINEZ & MARIANA MORANDO 2013. Checklist of lizards and amphisbaenians of Argentina: an update. Zootaxa 3616 (3): 201–238 - get paper here
  • Barbour, Thomas 1921. On a small collection of reptiles from Argentina. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 139-142 - get paper here
  • Bell, T. 1843. The zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain Fitzroy, R.N. during the years 1832 to 1836. Edited and superintended by Charles Darwin ... naturalist to the expedition. Part 5. Reptiles. London, Smith, Elder and Co., (1842-1843), vi + 51 pp. - get paper here
  • Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins, and Michael Grayson 2011. The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2, Second edition. London, xiii+497 pp. - get paper here
  • Breitman, María Florencia; Minoli, Ignacio; Avila, Luciano Javier; Medina, Cintia Debora; Sites, Jr., Jack Walter; Morando, Mariana 2014. Lagartijas de la provincia de Santa Cruz (Argentina): distribución geográfica, diversidad genética y estado de conservación . Cuad. herpetol. 28 (2): 83-110 - get paper here
  • Carvalho, André L. G.; Alejandro Laspiur, Julia Klaczko, Luis Rolando Rivas, Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues, Marco Aurélio de Sena & Ricardo Céspedes 2023. Total evidence phylogenetic analysis of Leiosauridae (Squamata) with focus on the ‘para-anoles’ and description of a new Urostrophus species from the Bolivian Andes. Systematics and Biodiversity, 21:1, 2200306, - get paper here
  • Cei, J.M. 2003. SPECIFIC SUPRAOCULAR SCUTELLATION PATTERNS AS SIGNIFICANT DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: A TAXONOMIC INTER- AND INTRAGENERIC "FINGER-PRINT" IN LACERTILIA. Facena 19: 129-135 - get paper here
  • Cei, J.M.; Scolaro, J.A. & Videla, F. 2003. A taxonomic revision of recognized Argentine species of the leiosaurid genus Diplolaemus (Reptilia, Squamata, Leiosauridae). Facena 19: 87-106 - get paper here
  • Demangel, Diego 2016. Reptiles en Chile. Fauna Nativa Ediciones, Santiago, 619 pp - get paper here
  • Donoso-Barros, R. & Cei, J.M. 1970. Probable híbrido interespecífico entre Diplolaemus darwinii y Diplolaemus bibronii. Boletín Sociedad de Biología de Concepción (Chile) 42: 27-32. - get paper here
  • Femenias, M. M., Avila, L. J., Sites, J. W. & Morando, M. 2019. The enigmatic Leiosaurae clade: Phylogeography, species delimitation, phylogeny and historical biogeography of its southernmost species. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 106725 (2019). doi: - get paper here
  • Gallardo,J.M. 1961. Estudio zoogeografico del genero Leiosaurus (Reptilia, Sauria). Physis 22 (63): 113-118
  • Gray, J. E. 1845. Catalogue of the specimens of lizards in the collection of the British Museum. Trustees of die British Museum/Edward Newman, London: xxvii + 289 pp. - get paper here
  • Ibarguengoytia, N., J. A. Schulte II 2001. Geographic distribution. Diplolaemus darwinii. Herpetological Review 32:57 - get paper here
  • Koslowsky,J. 1898. Enumeración sistemática y distribución geográfica de los reptiles argentinos. Rev. Mus. La Plata 8: 161-200 - get paper here
  • Losos, J. B. 2009. Lizards in an Evolutionary Tree: Ecology and Adaptive Radiation of Anoles. Berkeley: University of California Press, 528 pp. - get paper here
  • Minoli I, Morando M, Avila LJ 2015. Reptiles of Chubut province, Argentina: richness, diversity, conservation status and geographic distribution maps. ZooKeys 498: 103-126. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.498.7476 - get paper here
  • Morando, Mariana; Melisa Olave, Luciano J. Avila, Eric Baker, and Jack W. Sites 2015. Molecular Phylogeny of the Lizard Clade Leiosaurae Endemic to Southern South America. Herpetologica Dec 2015, Vol. 71, No. 4: 322-331. - get paper here
  • Perez, C.H.F.; N. Frutos; M. Kozykariski; M. Morando; D.R. Perez; L.J. Avila. 2011. Lizards of Rio Negro Province, northern Patagonia, Argentina. Check List 7 (3): 202-219 - get paper here
  • Scrocchi, Gustavo J.; Cristian S. Abdala,Javier Nori, Hussam Zaher 2010. Reptiles de la provincia de Río Negro, Argentina. Fondo Ed. Rionegrino, 249 pp.
  • Tulli, M.J.; F.B. Cruz, A. Herrel, B. Vanhooydonck, V. Abdala 2009. The interplay between claw morphology and microhabitat use in neotropical iguanian lizards. Zoology 112 (5): 379-392 - get paper here
 
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