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Dipsas oreas (COPE, 1868)

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Higher TaxaColubridae (Dipsadinae), Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Ecuador Snail-eater 
SynonymLeptognathus oreas COPE 1868: 109
Leptognathus andrei SAUVAGE 1884: 146
Leptognathus andrei — BOULENGER 1896: 453
Leptognathus andiana BOULENGER 1896: 452
Leptognathus mikani — GÜNTHER 1872: 29 (part.)
Leptognathus andrei SAUVAGE 1884
Sibynomorphus mikanii oreas — AMARAL 1929a: 31
Dipsas mikanii oreas — PARKER 1938: 444
Dipsas mikanii oreas — PARKER 1934: 271
Dipsas oreas — PETERS 1960: 92
Leptognathus andiana — PETERS 1960a: 92
Sibynomorphus andianus — PETERS 1960: 92
Leptognathus andrei — KOFRON 1982: 50
Dipsas oreas elegans — ORCÉS & ALMENDÁRIZ 1987: 141
Dipsas oreas ellipsifera — ORCÉS & ALMENDÁRIZ 1987: 141
Dipsas oreas — CADLE 2005
Dipsas oreas — WALLACH et al. 2014: 233 
DistributionEcuador, N Peru (southern Chimborazo and Guayas Provinces south to Loja Province, south along the western slopes of the Andes to at least the Río Zaña in N Peru) (CADLE & MYERS 2003, CADLE 2005)

Type locality: From the elevated valley of Quito [Ecuador, including virtually all of the Ecuadorian highlands]  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ANSP 10115, originally USNM 6707 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Cadle 2005. 
CommentThe type locality has been questioned by Peters 1955. Dipsas ellipsifera has been removed from the synonymy of D. elegans and relegated to subspecies status of D. oreas (fide Orcés & Almendáriz 1987) but revalidated by CADLE 2005. Dipsas andiana has been resurrected by CADLE & MYERS (2003). See Dipsas andiana for more details.

Dipsas oreas is nocturnal.

Synonymy mostly after CADLE 2005.

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
EtymologyNamed after Greek oreos (όρεος), mountain, hill. [“...From the elevated valley of Quito...”]. (from Esteban Lavilla, pers. comm., May 2024) 
References
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum, Vol. 3. London (Taylor & Francis), xiv + 727 pp. - get paper here
  • Cadle, J. E. 2005. SYSTEMATICS OF SNAKES OF THE DIPSAS OREAS COMPLEX (COLUBRIDAE: DIPSADINAE) IN WESTERN ECUADOR AND PERU, WITH REVALIDATION OF D. ELEGANS (BOULENGER) AND D. ELLIPSIFERA (BOULENGER). Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 158 (3): 67-136 - get paper here
  • Cadle, J.E. & Myers, C.W. 2003. Systematics of Snakes Referred to Dipsas variegata in Panama and Western South America, with Revalidation of Two Species and Notes on Defensive Behaviors in the Dipsadini (Colubridae). American Museum Novitates 3409: 1-47 - get paper here
  • Cope, E.D. 1868. An examination of the Reptilia and Batrachia obtained by the Orton Expedition to Equador and the Upper Amazon, with notes on other species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 20: 96-140 - get paper here
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Harvey, Michael B. 2008. New and Poorly Known Dipsas (Serpentes: Colubridae) from Northern South America. Herpetologica 64 (4): 422-451 - get paper here
  • Harvey, Michael B. and Dirk Embert 2008. Review of Bolivian Dipsas (Serpentes: Colubridae), with Comments on Other South American Species. Herpetological Monographs 22 (1): 54-105 - get paper here
  • Harvey, Michael B.; Gilson Rivas Fuenmayor, José Rances Caicedo-Portilla, and José Vicente Rueda-Almonacid 2009. Systematics of the Enigmatic Dipsadine Snake Tropidodipsas perijanensis Alemán (Serpentes: Colubridae) and Review of Morphological Characters of Dipsadini. Herpetological Monographs 22 (1): 106-132 - get paper here
  • Kofron, C.P. 1982. The identities of some dipsadine snakes: Dipsas elegans, D. ellipsifera and Leptognathus andrei. Copeia 1982 (1): 46-51 - get paper here
  • Orcés,V. & Almendáriz,A. 1987. Sistematica y distribución de las serpientes dipsadinae del grupo oreas. Politécnica, 12 (4):135-44
  • Parker, H.W. 1934. Reptiles and amphibians from southern Ecuador. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 14: 264-273 - get paper here
  • Peters , J. A. 1960. The snakes of the subfamily Dipsadinae. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan (114): 224 pp. - get paper here
  • Peters, J.A. 1955. Herpetological type localities in Ecuador. Rev. Ecuat. Entom. Parasit. 2: 335-352
  • Sauvage, H.-E. 1884. Sur quelques Reptiles de la collection du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7) 8: 142-146 - get paper here
  • Torres-Carvajal O, Pazmiño-Otamendi G, Salazar-Valenzuela D. 2019. Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich portal, with a dynamic checklist and photographic guides. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13 (1): [General Section]: 209–229 (e178) - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
 
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