You are here » home › advanced search › search results › Dispholidus typus

Dispholidus typus (SMITH, 1828)

iNaturalist logo

Can you confirm these amateur observations of Dispholidus typus?

Add your own observation of
Dispholidus typus »

Find more photos by Google images search: Google images

Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
SubspeciesDispholidus typus typus (SMITH 1829)
Dispholidus typus kivuensis LAURENT 1955 
Common NamesE: Boomslang
G: Grüne Boomslang 
SynonymBucephalus typus SMITH 1828: 2
Bucephalus Bellii SMITH 1828: 2
Bucephalus gutturalis SMITH 1828: 2
Bucephalus Jardineii SMITH 1828: 2
Bucephalus viridis SMITH 1828: 2 (fide BRANCH 1981: 127)
Dendrophis colubrina SCHLEGEL 1837
Bucephalus capensis SMITH 1841: 20
Dendrophis pseudo-dipsas BIANCONI 1850: 210
Bucephalus Typus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1854: 877
Bucephalus typus — BLANFORD 1870
Bucephalus typus — FISCHER 1884: 11
Bucephalus capensis — GÜNTHER 1888: 334
Bucephalus typus — BOETTGER 1893: 130
Dispholidus typus viridis — BOULENGER 1905: 214
Dispholidus typus viridis — LAURENT 1956: 220
Dispholidus typus — FITZSIMONS & BRAIN 1958
Dispholidus typus occidentalis PERRET 1961 (nom. nud. fide WALLACH et al. 2014)
Dispholidus typus viridis — WITTE 1975
Dispholidus typus — HARDING & WELCH 1980
Dispholidus typus — RÖDEL & MAHSBERG 2000
Dispholidus typus — SCHMIDT 1923: 114
Dispholidus typus typus — AUERBACH 1987: 186
Dispholidus typus typus — BROADLEY & HOWELL 1991: 32
Dispholidus typus — BROADLEY 1998
Dispholidus tipus — ARESTE & CEBRIAN 2003 (in error)
Disphlidus [sic] typus — BRANCH & BAUER 2005
Dispholidus typus — CHIRIO & INEICH 2006
Dispholidus viridis — EIMERMACHER 2012: 62
Dispholidus typus viridis — BROADLEY & BLAYLOCK 2013
Dispholidus typus — WALLACH et al. 2014: 239
Dispholidus typus — SPAWLS et al. 2018: 503
Dispholidus typus viridis — BRANCH 2018
Dispholidus typus viridis — PIETERSEN 2017
Dispholidus typus — MULDER 2019
Dispholidus viridis — PIETERSEN et al. 2021
Dispholidus typus — SPAWLS et al. 2023: 498

Dispholidus typus kivuensis LAURENT 1955: 127
Dispholidus typus kivuensis — PITMAN 1974
Dispholidus kivuensis — EIMERMACHER 2012: 61
Dispholidus kivuensis — PIETERSEN et al. 2021 
DistributionNamibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Republic of South Africa (Eastern Cape etc.), Swaziland, Mozambique, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Zaire, Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, Malawi, Kenya, Tanzania, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire; except in the center), Congo (Brazzaville), Angola, Zambia, from Senegal to Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mali, Ivory Coast (RÖDEL et al. 1999), Gambia, Benin, Togo, Sierra Leone, Guinea (Conakry), Liberia, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Republic of South Sudan (RSS),Sudan (Jumhūriyyat), Chad

kivuensis: Zambia (Abercorn), Rwanda, Kenya (Eldoret, Subukia), Uganda. Type locality: “Uvira, Lake Tanganyika, Kivu District, Ruanda-Urundi”

viridis: Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Zambia, Mozambique, Republic of South Africa, Angola?

Type locality: “Old Latakoo, South Africa”  
Reproductionegg-laying (oviparous). 
TypesHolotype: NMSZ (formerly RSM) (FitzSimons 1937: 263)
Holotype: RMCA (= MRAC) 17505 (cited as RGMC), Paratypes in ZFMK, IRSNB, CM and RMNH [kivuensis]
Holotype: RMCA (= MRAC) 17395, Paratypes in ZFMK, IRSNB, CM, and RMNH but not in FMNH (fide A. Resetar, pers. comm., 4 Feb 2019); other types in MD (Museu Dundo) [punctatus] 
DiagnosisAdditional details, e.g. a detailed description or comparisons (1630 characters), are available for collaborators and contributors. Please contact us for details. 
CommentVenomous!

The famous American herpetologist Karl P. Schmidt (1890-19) died from the bite of a juvenile D. typus. While dying he took notes of the progression of the symptoms (RESETAR & VORIS 1997).

Synonymy: The status of D. t. viridis remains unclear: Branch 2018 listed it as a valid subspecies in his Angola list, citing Eimermacher 2012, an unpublished thesis, as source for this, but it’s still not formally published in 2019 and nobody seems to have followed up on it (Broadley & Blaylock 2013 also refer to the same thesis when they used viridis). By contrast, Marques et al. 2018 didn't even mention viridis in their Angola monograph and Bates et al. 2014 are undecided. Branch 2018 mentions some color variation, so color itself my not be a good diagnostic character.

Subspecies: Dispholidus typus punctatus LAURENT 1955 is now considered a valid species by some recent authors. The species is very variable, with multiple color morphs, sexual dimorphism and ontogenetic color change. See Spawls et al. 2023

Behavior: very active and largely arboreal; dangerous, but fortunately reluctant to bite.

Diet: feeds mainly on chamaeleons and other tree lizards, nestling birds and eggs.

Distribution: Has been erronously reported from Gabon (fide PAUWELS & BRANCH 2003). Eimermacher 2012 suggests that typical Dispholidus typus is largely restricted to the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces and is replaced by Dispholidus typus viridis from the Northern Cape Province northwards. For a map see Eimermacher 2012: 59 (Fig. 2.8).
Type species: Bucephalus typus SMITH 1828: 2 is the type species of the genus Dispholidus DUVERNOY 1832.

Habitat: fully arboreal (Harrington et al. 2018). 
References
  • Aresté, Manuel & Cebrián, Rafael 2003. Snakes of the World. Sterling Publishing, New York, 256 pp.
  • Auerbach, R.D. 1987. The Amphibians and Reptiles of Botswana. Mokwepa Consultants, Botswana, 295 pp.
  • Baptista NL, António T, Branch WR. 2019. The herpetofauna of Bicuar National Park and surroundings, southwestern Angola: a preliminary checklist. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 13(2) [Special Section]: 96–130 (e203) - get paper here
  • Barends, J. M., & Maritz, B. 2021. Specialized morphology, not relatively large head size, facilitates competition between a small‐bodied specialist and large‐bodied generalist competitors. Journal of Zoology - get paper here
  • Barnett, Linda K. 2001. The herpetofauna of Abuko Nature Reserve, the Gambia. Herpetological Bulletin (77): 5-1 - get paper here
  • Barnett, Linda K. & Emms, Craig 2005. Common reptiles of The Gambia. Rare Repro, Hailsham, East Sussex, 24 pp.
  • BATES, M. F., . & NUTTALL, R. 2013. Dispholidus typus viridis (A. Smith, 1828) Diet. African Herp News (59): 33-35 - get paper here
  • Bates, M.F.; Branch, W.R., Bauer, A.M.; Burger, M., Marais, J.; Alexander, G.J. & de Villliers, M.S. (eds.) 2014. Atlas and Red List of the Reptiles of South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland. Suricata 1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 512 pp.
  • Bauer, Aaron M.; Branch, William R. & Haacke, Wulf D. 1993. The herpetofauna of the Kamanjab area and adjacent Damaraland, Namibia. Madoqua (Windhoek) 18 (2): 117-145. - get paper here
  • Berg P, Berg J, Berg R. 2020. Predator–prey interaction between a boomslang, Dispholidus typus, and a flap-necked chameleon, Chamaeleo dilepis. Afr J Ecol. 58: 855-859 - get paper here
  • Bianconi, J.J. 1850. Specimina Zoologica Mosambicana III. Mem. Acad. Sci. Ist. Bologna 1: 199-216 + 2 plates - get paper here
  • Bocage,J.V. du B. 1866. Lista dos reptis das possessões portuguezas d'Africa occidental que existem no Museu Lisboa. Jorn. Sci. Math. Phys. Nat. Lisboa 1: 37-56 - get paper here
  • Boettger, O. 1893. Uebersicht der von Prof. C. Keller anlässlich der Ruspolischen Expedition nach den Somaliländern gesammelten Reptilien und Batrachier. (Schluss). Zool. Anz. 16 (417): 129- 132. - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang 2014. Herpetology in Bonn. Mertensiella 21. vi + 256 pp. - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Christian Brede & Philipp Wagner 2011. The reptiles (Testudines, Squamata, Crocodylia) of the forested southeast of the Republic Guinea (Guinée forestière), with a country-wide checklist. Bonn zoological Bulletin 60 (1): 35-61 - get paper here
  • Böhme, Wolfgang; Eberhard Fischer & Harald Hinkel 2023. Reptilien aus dem Irangi Forest, Provinz Kivu-Süd, Demokratische Republik Kongo. Sauria 45 (4): 29
  • BOURQUIN, O. & V. GRUENER 2017. A NOTE ON THE HERPETOFAUNA OF MODISA CAMP (BOTSWANA) AND ITS SURROUNDINGS. African Herp News (64): 9-26 - get paper here
  • Boycott, R.; Morgan, D.R. 1990. Observations on Reproduction on southern African Boomslang, Dispholidus typus. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (38): 51-52 - get paper here
  • Boycott, R.C. 1992. An Annotated Checklist of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Swaziland. The Conservation Trust of Swaziland - get paper here
  • Branch, W. R. 1981. Venomous snakes of southern Africa 3. Bull. Maryland Herp. Soc. 17 (4): 125-150 - get paper here
  • Branch, W. R.; Mc Cartney, C. 1986. Venoms and Snakebite: Dispholidus typus: Envenomation. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (32): 35-35 - get paper here
  • BRANCH, W.R. & JACKSON, A. 2016. Dispholidus typus (Smith, 1828) Melanistic Coloration. African Herp News (63): 9-11 - get paper here
  • Branch, William R. 1993. A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik Publishers, 144 S.
  • Branch, William R. & Bauer, Aaron M. 2005. The herpetological contributions of Sir Andrew Smith. SSAR, 80 pp.
  • Broadley, D. & Blaylock 2013. The Snakes of Zimbabwe and Botswana. Chimaira, Frankfurt, 387 pp. [book review in Sauria 35 (2): 59 and Copeia 2014: 388] - get paper here
  • Broadley, D. G. 1969. Maximum Lengh attained by a Boomslang, Dispholidus typus. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (5): 8-8 - get paper here
  • Broadley, D. G. & HOWELL, K. M. 1991. A check list of the reptiles of Tanzania, with synoptic keys. Syntarsus 1: 1—70
  • BROADLEY, D. G. & V. WALLACH 2002. Review of the Dispholidini, with the description of a new genus and species from Tanzania (Serpentes, Colubridae). Bull. nat.Hist. Mus. Lond (Zool.), 68(2): 57-74. - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G. 1957. Fatalities from the bites of Dispholidus and Thelotornins and a personal case history. J. Herp. Assoc. Rhodesia 1(1): 5 - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G. 1959. The herpetology of Southern Rhodesia. Part I--the snakes. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard 120 (1): 1-100 [reprint 1972] - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G. 1960. The Boomslang (Dispholidus typus) in Central Africa. J. Herp. Assoc. Rhodesia 9–10: 14–15 - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G. 1960. Case history of a Boomslang (Dispholidus typus) bite. J. Herp. Assoc. Rhodesia 11: 7–8 - get paper here
  • Broadley, D.G. 1962. Snakes of Southem Rhodesia. 12. The Common Boomslang (Dispholidus typus typus). Afr. Wild Life 16: 109-111.
  • Broadley, D.G. 1962. On some reptile collections from the North-Western and North-Eastern Districts of Southern Rhodesia 1958-1961, with descriptions of four new lizards. Occ. Pap. Nat. Mus. South. Rhodesia 26 (B): 787-843
  • Broadley, D.G. 1991. The Herpetofauna of Northern Mwinilunga Distr., Northw. Zambia. Arnoldia Zimbabwe 9 (37): 519-538
  • Broadley, D.G. 1998. The reptilian fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa). In: Schmidt, K.P. and Noble, G.K., Contributions to the Herpetology of the Belgian Congo... [reprint of the 1919 and 1923 papers]. SSAR Facsimile reprints in Herpetology, 780 pp.
  • Broadley, D.G.; Doria, C.T. & Wigge, J. 2003. Snakes of Zambia. An Atlas and Field Guide. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 280 pp. [review in Sauria 26 (3): 21]
  • Broadley, Donald G. and F. P. D. Cotterill. 2004. The reptiles of southeast Katanga, an overlooked 'hot spot'. [Congo]. African Journal of Herpetology 53 (1): 35-61. - get paper here
  • Buruwate, T. C., & Lloyd-Jones, D. J. 2024. Amphibian and Reptile Diversity of Niassa Special Reserve, Northern Mozambique. Journal of East African Natural History, 113(1), 1-18 - get paper here
  • Ceríaco, Luis M. P.; Mariana P. Marques, Ilunga André, Esteves Afonso, David C. Blackburn & Aaron M. Bauer 2020. ILLUSTRATED TYPE CATALOGUE OF THE “LOST” HERPETOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF MUSEU DO DUNDO, ANGOLA. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 162 (7): 379-440 - get paper here
  • Chifundera, K. 1990. Snakes of Zaire and their bites. Afr. Stud. Monogr. (Kyoto) 10(3): 137-157.
  • Chippaux, Jean-Philippe & Kate Jackson 2019. Snakes of Central and Western Africa. Johns Hopkins University Press, 448 pp. [detaileld review in HR 51 (1): 161] - get paper here
  • Chirio, L. & Lebreton, M. 2007. Atlas des reptiles du Cameroun. MNHN, IRD, Paris 688 pp.
  • Chirio, Laurent and Ivan Ineich 2006. Biogeography of the reptiles of the Central African Republic. African Journal of Herpetology 55(1):23-59. - get paper here
  • Conradie W and Branch WR. 2016. The herpetofauna of the Cubango, Cuito, and lower Cuando river catchments of south-eastern Angola. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 10 (2) [Special Section]: 6–36 - get paper here
  • Conradie, Werner; Gabriela B. Bittencourt-Silva, Hanlie M. Engelbrecht, Simon P. Loader, Michele Menegon, Cristóvão Nanvonamuquitxo, Michael Scott, Krystal A. Tolley 2016. Exploration into the hidden world of Mozambique’s sky island forests: new discoveries of reptiles and amphibians. Zoosyst. Evol. 92 (2): 163–180, DOI 10.3897/zse.92.9948 - get paper here
  • CONRADIE, WERNER; NINDA L. BAPTISTA, LUKE VERBURGT, CHAD KEATES, JAMES HARVEY, TIMOTEO JULIO & GOTZ NEEF. 2021. Contributions to the herpetofauna of the Angolan Okavango-Cuando-Zambezi river drainages. Part 1: Serpentes (snakes). Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 15(2): 244–278. - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C., Bibron, G. & DUMÉRIL, A. H. A., 1854. Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Deuxième partie, comprenant l'histoire des serpents venimeux. Paris, Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret: i-xii + 781-1536 - get paper here
  • Duvernoy, G.L. 1832. Mémoire sur les caractères tirés de l’anatomie pour distinguer les serpents venimeux des serpents non venimeux. Annales des Sciences Naturelles (Zoologie), Paris 26: 113–160
  • Eimermacher, T.G. 2012. Phylogenetic Systematics Of Dispholidine Colubrids (Serpentes: Colubridae). PhD Thesis, UT Arlington, 109 pp. - get paper here
  • Ernst R, Lautenschläger T, Branquima MF, Hölting M 2020. At the edge of extinction: a first herpetological assessment of the proposed Serra do Pingano Rainforest National Park in Uíge Province, northern Angola. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(1): 237-262 - get paper here
  • Farooq, Harith; Cristóvão Nanvonamuquitxo, Bibiana Nassongole, Werner Conradie, Roger Bills, Amadeu Soares, and Alexandre Antonelli 2022. Shedding Light on a Biodiversity Dark Spot: Survey Of Amphibians and Reptiles of Pemba Region in Northern Mozambique. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 17 (2): - get paper here
  • Fischer, J. G. 1884. Über einige afrikanische Reptilien, Amphibien und Fische des Naturhistorischen Museums I. Über die von Herrn Dr. G.A. Fischer in Massai Gebiete (Ost Afrika) auf seiner in Veranlassung der geographischen Gesellschaft in Hamburg unternommenen Expeditio Jahrb. Hamburg Wiss. Anst. 1: 1-32 - get paper here
  • FitzSimons, F.W. 1912. The snakes of South Africa : their venom and the treatment of snake bite. William Clowes and Sons, London, 547 pp. - get paper here
  • Fitzsimons, V.F.M.; Brain, C.K. 1958. A Short account of the Reptiles of the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park. Koedoe, 1(1): 99-104 - get paper here
  • Fraser M. 2023. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve, Western Cape, South Africa. Biodiversity Observations 13: 162–185. 14 March 2023 - get paper here
  • Gruschwitz, M; Lenz, S; Bohme, W 1991. Zur Kenntnis der Herpetofauna von Gambia (Westafrika) Teil 2: Schlangen (Reptilia, Serpentes) herpetofaunistische Bewertung. Herpetofauna 13 (75): 27-34 - get paper here
  • Günther,A. 1888. Contribution to the knowledge of snakes of tropical Africa. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1: 322-335 - get paper here
  • Haagner, G. V. 1990. Life History Note: Dispholidus typus typus: Ophiophagy. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (37): 47-47 - get paper here
  • Haagner, G. V. 1990. Venoms and Snakebite: Dispholidus typus typus: Envenomation. J. Herp. Assoc. Africa (37): 58-58 - get paper here
  • Haagner,G.V.; Branch,W.R. & Haagner,A.J.F. 2000. Notes on a collection of reptiles from Zambia and adjacent areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Annals of the Eastern Cape Museum 1: 1 – 25
  • Harrington, Sean M; Jordyn M de Haan, Lindsey Shapiro, Sara Ruane 2018. Habits and characteristics of arboreal snakes worldwide: arboreality constrains body size but does not affect lineage diversification. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 125 (1): 61–71 - get paper here
  • Herrmann, H.-W.; W.R. Branch 2013. Fifty years of herpetological research in the Namib Desert and Namibia with an updated and annotated species checklist. Journal of Arid Environments 93: 94–115 - get paper here
  • Hörold, Ralf 2018. „Fake News“ und die Herpetologie Ophidia 12 (2): 24-30
  • Hughes, B. 2013. Snakes of Bénin, West Africa. Bull. Soc. Herp. France 144: 101-159
  • Jacobsen, Niels H.G.; Errol W. Pietersen & Darren W. Pietersen 2010. A preliminary herpetological survey of the Vilanculos Coastal Wildlife Sanctuary on the San Sebastian Peninsula, Vilankulo, Mozambique. Herpetology Notes 3: 181-193
  • Kirchhof S, Wasonga V, Mazuch T, Spawls S, Malonza KP. 2023. An annotated checklist of the herpetofauna of the Sibiloi National Park in northern Kenya based on field surveys. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 17(1/2) [General Section]: 1–18 (e324) - get paper here
  • Krüger, H. J., & Lemke, F. G. 2019. Fatal boomslang bite in the Northern Cape. African Journal of Emergency Medicine, 9: 53–55 - get paper here
  • Lanza, B. 1990. Amphibians and reptiles of the Somali Democratic Republic: check list and biogeography. Biogeographia, 14: 407-465 [1988] - get paper here
  • Largen, M.J.; Spawls, S. 2010. Amphibians and Reptiles of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt, 694 pp.
  • Largen,M.J. & Rasmussen,J.B. 1993. Catalogue of the snakes of Ethiopia (Reptilia Serpentes), including identification keys. Tropical Zoology 6: 313-434 - get paper here
  • Laurent, R.F. 1955. Diagnoses preliminaires des quelques Serpents venimeux. Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 51: 127-139
  • Loveridge, A. 1956. On snakes collected in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan by J.S. Owen, Esq. Sudan Notes Rec. 36: 37-56 [1955]
  • Loveridge, Arthur 1929. East African reptiles and amphibians in the United States National Museum. Bull. US Natl. Mus. (151): 1-135 - get paper here
  • Malonza, Patrick K.; David M. Mulwa, Joash O. Nyamache, Georgina Jones 2017. Biogeography of the Shimba Hills ecosystem herpetofauna in Kenya. Zoological Research 38(5): 1-11 - get paper here
  • Marques, Mariana P.; Luis M. P. Ceríaco , David C. Blackburn , and Aaron M. Bauer 2018. Diversity and Distribution of the Amphibians and Terrestrial Reptiles of Angola -- Atlas of Historical and Bibliographic Records (1840–2017). Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 4) 65: 1-501 (Supplement II)
  • Massimo Capalbo 2024. The World's Most Dangerous Snakes - Volume I: From the fast-lightning Black Mamba to the insidious Hook-nosed Sea Snake, through the formidable Coastal Taipan. Privately published, 252 pp. - get paper here
  • Mattison, Chris 2007. The New Encyclopedia of Snakes. Princeton University Press
  • Mehrtens, J.M. 1987. Living snakes of the world in color. Sterling Publ. Co., hic., New York, NY: 480 pp.
  • Menzies, J.I. 1966. The snakes of Sierra Leone. Copeia 1966 (2): 169-179. - get paper here
  • Monard, ALBERT 1931. Mission scientifique Suisse dans l'Angola. Résultats scientifiques. Reptiles. Bull. Soc. Neuchâtel Sci. Nat., vol. 33, pp. 89-111. [1930] - get paper here
  • Nicolay, H. 1988. Das Portrait: Dispholidus typus typus (SMITH). Sauria 10 (1): 1-2 - get paper here
  • O’Shea, M. 2018. The Book of Snakes. Ivy Press / Quarto Publishing, London, - get paper here
  • Pauwels, O.S.G., and Branch, W.R. 2003. Book Review: Les Serpents d’Afrique Occidentale et Centrale, 2nd ed. Herpetological Review 34 (3): 272-274 - get paper here
  • Perret, J.L. 1961. Études herpétologiques africaines III. 1. La faune ophidienne de la région camerounaise. Bull. Soc. neuchâtel. Sci. nat., 84: 133-138
  • Pietersen DW, Pietersen EW, Conradie W. 2017. Preliminary herpetological survey of Ngonye Falls and surrounding regions in south-western Zambia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 11(1) [Special Section]: 24–43 (e148 - get paper here
  • Pietersen, Darren W. Pietersen, Errol W. Haacke, Wulf D. 2013. First herpetological appraisal of the Parque Nacional de Banhine, Gaza Province, southern Mozambique. Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History 3: 153-163 - get paper here
  • Pietersen, Darren, Verburgt, Luke & Davies, John 2021. Snakes and other reptiles of Zambia and Malawi. Struik Nature / Penguin Random House South Africa, 376 pp., ISBN 9781775847373
  • Pitman,C.R.S. 1974. A guide to the snakes of Uganda. Codicote, Wheldon & Wesley, L., 290 pp.
  • Poblete, Armand G. H. 2002. Dispholidus typus kivuensis Boomslang. Morphology. African Herp News (34): 27-28 - get paper here
  • Rasmussen,J.B. 1981. The snakes from the rainforest of the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania: a checklist and key. Salamandra 17 (3-4): 173-188 - get paper here
  • Resetar, A.R. & Voris, H. K. 1997. Herpetology at the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago: the first one hundred years. in: Collection Building in Ichthyology and Herpetology, ASIH 1997, pp.495-506
  • Robertson, I. A. D., B. M. Chapman and N. F. Chapman 1963. Notes on some reptiles collected in the Rukwa Valley, S. W. Tanganyika. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 13, 5(55): 421‑432 - get paper here
  • Rödel M O; Mahsberg D 2000. Vorläufige Liste der Schlangen des Tai-Nationalparks/Elfenbeinküste und angrenzender Gebiete. Salamandra 36 (1): 25-38 - get paper here
  • Rödel,M.O.; Kouadio,K, & Mahsberg,D. 1999. Die Schlangenfauna des Comoé-Nationalparks, Elfenbeinküste: Ergänzungen und Ausblick. Salamandra 35 (3): 165-180 - get paper here
  • Roman, B. 1980. Serpentes de Haute-Volta. C.N.R.S.T., Ouagadougou, Haute-Volta 129 pp.
  • Schaefer, N. 1975. Fang Replacement in the Snakes Dispholidus typus and Thelotornis kirtlandii Herpetologica 31 (1): 102-104. - get paper here
  • Schleicher, Alfred 2015. Reptilien Namibias. Namibia Scientific  Society, 276 pp.
  • Schleicher, Alfred 2020. Reptiles of Namibia. Kuiseb Publishers, Windhoek, Namibia, 271 pp.
  • Schmidt, K. P. 1923. Contributions to the herpetology of the Belgian Congo based on the collection of the American Museum Congo Expedition, 1909-1915. Part II. Snakes, with field notes by Herbert Lang and James P. Chapin. Bull. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist. 49 (1): 1-146 - get paper here
  • Segniagbeto GLazcano. H., Trape J. F., David P., Ohler A., Dubois A. & Glitho I. A. 2011. The snake fauna of Togo: systematics, distribution and biogeography, with remarks on selected taxonomic problems. Zoosystema 33 (3): 325-360. DOI: 10.5252/z2011n3a4 - get paper here
  • Senter, P. J., & Chippaux, J. P. 2022. Biogeography of snakes in Liberia: Review and synthesis of current knowledge. Ghana Journal of Science, 63(1), 29-62 - get paper here
  • Smith, A. 1828. Descriptions of new or imperfectly known objects of the animal kingdom, found in the south of Africa. S. Afr. Commerc. Advert. 3 (144): 2
  • Smith, A. 1829. Contributions to the natural history of South Africa. Zool. Journ. 4: 433-444
  • Smith, C. C., Layloo, I. , Maritz, R. A. and Maritz, B. 2019. Sexual dichromatism does not translate into sex‐based difference in morphology or diet for the African boomslang. J Zool. doi:10.1111/jzo.12670 - get paper here
  • Smith, Keren 1982. Literature: The bite of the Boomslang (Dispholidus typus). Litteratura Serpentium 2 (3): 151 - get paper here
  • Spawls, S.; Howell, K.; Drewes, R.C. & Ashe, J. 2002. A field guide to the reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, 543 pp. [reviews in HR 34: 396 and Afr. J. Herp. 51; 147] - get paper here
  • Spawls, Stephen; Tomáš Mazuch & Abubakr Mohammad 2023. Handbook of Amphibians and Reptiles of North-east Africa. Bloomsbury, 640 pp. - get paper here
  • Spawls, Steve; Kim Howell, Harald Hinkel, Michele Menegon 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles. Bloomsbury, 624 pp. - get paper here
  • Sternfeld, R. 1910. Zur Schlangenfauna Deutsch-Südwestafrikas. Mehrere Fälle von Mimikry bei afrikanischen Schlangen. Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, 5: 51-60 - get paper here
  • Tolley KA, Telford NS, Makhubo BG, Power RJ, Alexander GJ 2023. Filling the gap: Noteworthy herpetological discoveries in North West Province, South Africa. Zoosystematics and Evolution 99(1): 101-116 - get paper here
  • Trape, J.-F. 2023. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale, centrale et d’Afrique du Nord. IRD Éditions, Marseille, 896 pp.
  • Trape, J.-F. & Mané, Y. 2006. Guide des serpents d’Afrique occidentale. Savane et désert. [Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger]. IRD Editions, Paris, 226 pp. - get paper here
  • Trape, J.F. & R. ROUX-ESTÈVE 1995. Les serpents du Congo: liste commentée et clé de détermination. Journal of African Zoology 109 (1): 31-50
  • TRAPE, JEAN-FRANÇOIS & CELLOU BALDÉ 2014. A checklist of the snake fauna of Guinea, with taxonomic changes in the genera Philothamnus and Dipsadoboa (Colubridae) and a comparison with the snake fauna of some other West African countries. Zootaxa 3900 (3): 301–338 - get paper here
  • Trape, Jean-François; Israël Demba Kodindo, Ali Sougoudi Djiddi, Joseph Mad-Toïngué & Clément Hinzoumbé Kerah 2020. The snakes of Chad: results of a field survey and annotated country-wide checklist. Bonn zoological Bulletin 69 (2): 367–393 - get paper here
  • Trape, Jean-François & Youssouph Mané 2017. The snakes of Mali. Bonn zoological Bulletin 66 (2): 107–133 - get paper here
  • Ullenbruch, K.; Grell, O.; Böhme, W. 2010. Reptiles from southern Benin, West Africa, with the description of a new Hemidactylus (Gekkonidae), and a country-wide checklist. Bonn Zool. Bull. 57 (1): 31-54 - get paper here
  • Venter, Jan A.; Werner Conradie 2015. A checklist of the reptiles and amphibians found in protected areas along the South African Wild Coast, with notes on conservation implications. Koedoe 57 (1): 1-25. doi: 10.4102/koedoe.v57i1.1247 - get paper here
  • Wallach, Van; Kenneth L. Williams , Jeff Boundy 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. [type catalogue] Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, 1237 pp.
  • Wilkey, J. R. M. 2013. Venomous Snakes of Malawi. An identification guide for the 20 species of snake considered venomous to humans in Malawi. Rupert Wilkey Books, 269 pp
  • Zingg, A. 1968. Zur Fortpflanzung von Dispholidus typus (Reptilia, Colubridae). Salamandra 4 (2-3): 37-43 - get paper here
 
External links  
Is it interesting? Share with others:

As link to this species use URL address:

https://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Dispholidus&species=typus

without field 'search_param'. Field 'search_param' is used for browsing search result.



Please submit feedback about this entry to the curator