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Draco spilopterus (WIEGMANN, 1834)

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Higher TaxaAgamidae (Draconinae), Sauria, Iguania, Squamata (lizards)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Philippine FlyingDragon 
SynonymDracunculus spilopterus WIEGMANN in MEYEN 1834: 216 (non Draco spilopterus GÜNTHER 1872)
Dracunculus personatus WIEGMANN 1834 (nom. nud.)
Draco spilopterus — EYDOUX & GERVAIS 1837: 1
Draco spilopterus — DUMÉRIL & BIBRON 1837: 461
Dracontoidis personatus FITZINGER 1843: 51 (nom. nud.)
Draco rostratus GÜNTHER 1864: 127
Draco spilopterus — BOULENGER 1885: 260
Draco rostratus — BOULENGER 1885: 261
Draco quadrasi BOETTGER 1893: 41
Draco rostratus — DE ROOIJ 1915: 87
Draco spilopterus — MANTHEY 1983: 25
Draco spilopterus — MUSTERS 1983
Draco volans — INGER 1983: 2 (part.)
Draco spilopterus — MCGUIRE & ALCALA 2000: 124
Draco spilopterus — MCGUIRE & KIEW 2001 
DistributionIndonesia (Sunda I, Borneo), Philippines (Bantayan, Boracay, Carabao, Catunduanes, Cebu, Guimaras, Inampulugan, Kalotkot, Lubang, Luzon, Marinduque, Masbate, Negros, Panay, Polillo, Siquijor; Panay, possibly Tablas and Mindoro)

Type locality: Philippines. Restricted to Luzon by HENNIG 1936.  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesHolotype: ZMB 728, "Manila", leg. Meyen; syntype: BMNH 1946.8.27.29-31?
Lectotype: SMF 9701, designated by MERTENS 1967; Paralectotype: ZMB 29654, "Sibayo, Philippinen", leg. O. v. Moellendorf; syntype: BMNH 1946.8.26.84? [quadrasi] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis: Small or moderately sized species (maximum snout-vent length 96 mm); nostril directed outward; usually two median teeth in the upper jaw; a series of keeled scales, forming a row or a A-shaped figure; supralabials 9-11, smooth; thornlike scale on supraciliary edge very low or absent; tympanum usually covered with small scales; gular pouch in males with slightly enlarged scales; lateral pouches in males and females with slightly enlarged scales; nuchal crest present; dorsals 101-142, unequal, keeled; usually six ribs in patagium; hindlimbs about as long as the distance between the legs; no caudal crest (Musters 1983: 73).


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CommentSynonymy after WERMUTH 1967 and MCGUIRE & ALCALA 2000. WERMUTH (1967) also recognized two subspecies, D. spilopterus spilopterus, and D. spilopterus cornutus. The latter has been revalidated in the meantime. Draco rostratus GÜNTHER 1864 has been considered as a synonym of D. spilopterus by HENNIG 1936 and MUSTERS 1983. INGER (1983) synonymized D. cornutus with D. volans. 
EtymologyNamed after Greek “spilos” = spotted, and Greek pteron = feather, for the spotted patagium. 
References
  • Alcala, A.C. 1986. Guide to Philippine flora and fauna. Vol. X. Amphibians and reptiles. Manila, Natural Resources Management Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, University of the Philippines: i-xiv + 1-195
  • Binaday, Jake Wilson B.; Ace Kevin S. Amarga, Ernesto S. Barrameda Jr., and Bobet Jan M. Bonagua 2017. Amphibians and Reptiles in the Vicinity of Bulusan Lake, Bulusan Volcano Natural Park, Sorsogon, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science 146 (3): 339-351
  • Boettger, Oskar 1893. Katalog der Reptilien-Sammlung im Museum der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Frankfurt am Main. I. Teil (Rhynchocephalen, Schildkröten, Krokodile, Eidechsen, Chamäleons). [type catalogue] Gebrüder Knauer, Frankfurt a. M., x + 140 pp. - get paper here
  • Boulenger, G.A. 1885. Catalogue of the lizards in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) I. Geckonidae, Eublepharidae, Uroplatidae, Pygopodidae, Agamidae. London: 450 pp. - get paper here
  • Brown, R.M.; C.H. Oliveros; C.D. Siler; J.B. Fernandez; L.J. Welton; P.A.C. Buenavente; M.L.L. Diesmos; A.C. Diesmos 2012. Amphibians and Reptiles of Luzon Island (Philippines), VII: Herpetofauna of Ilocos Norte Province, Northern Cordillera Mountain Range. Check List 8(3):469-490 - get paper here
  • Brown, R.M.; McGuire, J.A.; Ferner,J.W.; Icarangal Jr., N. & Kennedy, R.S. 2000. Amphibians and reptiles of Luzon island, II: preliminary report on the herptofauna of Aurora Memorial national Park, Philippines. Hamadryad 25 (2): 175-195 - get paper here
  • Brown, Rafe M.; Ferner, John W.; Sison, Rogelio V.; Gonzales, Pedro C.; Kennedy, Robert S. 1996. Amphibians and reptiles of the Zambales Mountains of Luzon Island, Republic of the Philippines. Herpetological Natural History 4 (1): 1-22
  • Brown; Rafe; Cameron Siler, Carl Oliveros, Luke Welton, Ashley Rock, John Swab, Merlijn Van Weerd, Jonah van Beijnen, Dominic Rodriguez, Edmund Jose, Arvin Diesmos 2013. The amphibians and reptiles of Luzon Island, Philippines, VIII: the herpetofauna of Cagayan and Isabela Provinces, northern Sierra Madre Mountain Range. ZooKeys 266 (2013) Special Issue: 1-120<br>doi: 10.3897/zookeys.266.3982 - get paper here
  • Duméril, A. M. C. and G. Bibron. 1837. Erpétologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol. 4. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 570 pp. - get paper here
  • Eydoux, F. & P. Gervais 1837. Voyage de la Favourite. Reptiles. Dragon spiloptère, Draco spilopterus. Magasin Zool. Guérin, Paris, III: 1 - 10 - get paper here
  • Ferner, John W., Rafe M. Brown, Rogelio V. Sison and Robert S. Kennedy 2000. The amphibians and reptiles of Panay Island, Philippines. Asiatic Herpetological Research 9: 1-37 - get paper here
  • Gaulke, M. 2001. Die Herpetofauna von Sibaliw (Panay), einem der letzten Tieflandregenwaldgebiete der West-Visayas, Philippinen. Teil III. Echsen und Diskussion. Herpetofauna 23 (132): 5-18 - get paper here
  • Gaulke, M. 2011. The herpetofauna of Panay Island, Philippines. Edition Chimaira, 390 pp.
  • Gojo-Cruz, Paul Henric P. and Leticia E. Afuang 2018. The Zoogeographic Significance of Caraballo Mountain Range, Luzon Island, Philippines With Focus on the Biogeography of Luzon’s Herpetofauna. Philippine Journal of Science 147 (3): 393-409 - get paper here
  • Gojo-Cruz, Paul Henric P. et al. 2016. Diversity and distribution of herpetofauna in Balesin Island, Polillo, Quezon, Philippines. Sylvatrop, The Technical Journal of Philippine Ecosystems and Natural Resources 25 (1 & 2): 37 - 56 - get paper here
  • GOJO-CRUZ, Paul Henric P.; Leticia E. AFUANG, Juan Carlos T. GONZALEZ and William SM. GRUEZO 2018. Amphibians and Reptiles of Luzon Island, Philippines: the Herpetofauna of Pantabangan-Carranglan Watershed, Nueva Ecija Province, Caraballo Mountain Range. Asian Herpetological Research 9(4): 201–223 - get paper here
  • Günther, A. 1864. The Reptiles of British India. London (Taylor & Francis), xxvii + 452 pp. - get paper here
  • Hennig, W. 1936. Revision der Gattung Draco (Agamidae). Temminckia, Leiden 1: 153-220
  • Inger,R.F. 1983. Morphological and ecological variation in the flying lizards (genus Draco). Fieldiana: Zoology, New Ser. 18: vi, 1-35 - get paper here
  • Lagat, R.D. 2009. A TAXONOMIC ACCOUNT OF LIZARDS ALONG ESTABLISHED TRAILS IN MTS. PALAY-PALAY MATAAS-NA-GULOD PROTECTED LANDSCAPE, LUZON ISLAND, PHILIPPINES. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology 3: 17-28 - get paper here
  • Lagat, Ronaldo D. and Rubie M. Causaren 2019. Initial terrestrial vertebrate diversity assessment in upland Cavite, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology 12 (2): 70-91 - get paper here
  • Mägdefrau, H. & K. Mägdefrau 1994. Erstnachzucht von philippinischen Flugdrachen, Draco spilopterus, in der zweiten Generation. Salamandra 30 (1): 1-11 - get paper here
  • Mägdefrau, Karin 1991. Haltung, Verhaltensbeobachtungen und Zuchtversuche von Draco spilopterus (Wiegmann, 1834). Herpetofauna 13 (74): 29-34 - get paper here
  • Manthey,U. 1983. Exkursion am Mt. Kinabalu (4101 m), Nordborneo, Teil 3: Checkliste der Herpetofauna oberhalb 600 m ü. NN. Herpetofauna 5 (23): 20-31 - get paper here
  • McGuire, Jimmy A. & Heang, Kiew Bong 2001. Phylogenetic systematics of Southeast Asian flying lizards (Iguania: Agamidae: Draco) as inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 72: 203–229 - get paper here
  • MCLEOD, David S.; Cameron D. SILER, Arvin C. DIESMOS, Mae L. DIESMOS, Vhon S. GARCIA, Angela O. ARKONCEO, Kelvin L. BALAQUIT, Charlene C. UY, Mariden M. VILLASERAN, Earle C. YARRA, Rafe M. BROWN 2011. Amphibians and Reptiles of Luzon Island, V: The Herpetofauna of Angat Dam Watershed, Bulacan Province, Luzon Island, Philippines. Asian Herpetological Research 2 (4): 177–198 - get paper here
  • Musters, C. J. M. 1983. Taxonomy of the genus Draco L. (Agamidae, Lacertilia, Reptilia). Zoologische Verhandelingen (199): 1-120 - get paper here
  • Siler, C.D.; J.C. Swab; C.H. Oliveros; A.C. Diesmos; L. Averia; A.C. Alcala; R.M. Brown 2012. Amphibians and Reptiles, Romblon Island Group, central Philippines: Comprehensive herpetofaunal inventory. Check List 8(3):443-462 - get paper here
  • Tabug MA, Necesito LV, Diesmos AC 2023. Notes on the pattern of head size in the Philippine Spotted Flying Lizard, Draco spilopterus (Weigmann, 1834), within Luzon Biogeographic Region, Philippines. Herpetozoa 36: 289-296 - get paper here
  • Taylor, E.H. 1922. The lizards of the Philippine Islands. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Bureau of Science, Government of the Philippine Islands, Manila, Publication no. 17: 269 pp. - get paper here
  • Wiegmann, A. F. A. 1834. In: Dr. F. J. F. Meyen: Beiträge zur Zoologie gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde. Siebente Abhandlung. Amphibien. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academia Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolina (Halle) 17: 185-268 [1835] - get paper here
 
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