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Drymoluber dichrous (PETERS, 1863)

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Higher TaxaColubridae, Colubrinae, Colubroidea, Caenophidia, Alethinophidia, Serpentes, Squamata (snakes)
Subspecies 
Common NamesE: Northern Woodland Racer
Portuguese: Cobra-Cipó, Corredeira, Papa-Rato, Rateira 
SynonymHerpetodryas dichroa PETERS 1863: 284
Spilotes piceus COPE 1868: 105 (fide BOULENGER 1894)
Herpetodryas occipitalis GÜNTHER 1868: 420
Spilotes piceus COPE 1868: 105
Coluber dichrous — BOULENGER 1894: 30
Elaphe dichrous — GOMES 1918
Drymoluber dichrous — AMARAL 1930: 337
Drymoluber dichrous — DUELLMAN 1978: 241
Drymoluber dichrous — GASC & RODRIGUES 1980
Drymoluber dichrous — BAUER et al. 1995: 72
Drymoluber dichrous — KORNACKER 1999: 84
Drymoluber dichrous — WHITHWORTH & BEIRNE 2011
Drymoluber dichrous — WALLACH et al. 2014: 247
Drymoluber dichrous — NOGUEIRA et al. 2019 
DistributionColombia, Ecuador, E Peru, N Brazil (Alagoas [HR 31: 55], Minas Gerais [HR 33: 324], Pará, Espírito Santo, Bahia, S Ceará, Rio de Janeiro, Paraíba), Venezuela (TF Amazonas), Bolivia (Beni), French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana; elevation 0-3500 m

Type locality: “Brasilien [und] angeblich aus Surinam”  
Reproductionoviparous 
TypesLectotype: ZMB 1661 (unclear sex, but probably male), designated by COSTA et al. 2013; paralectotypes: ZMB 1662
Holotype: ANSP 3920; Peru, Napo or upper Marañon; originally at USNM [piceus] 
DiagnosisDiagnosis (genus): Drymoluber is distinguished from all other Neotropical Colubrinae by the following combination of characters: a) dorsal scales smooth, in 13, 15 or 17 midbody rows; b) cloacal shield entire (rarely divided); c) 157– 202 ventrals; d) 84–127 divided subcaudals; e) caudal pseudoautotomy; f) two pairs of chinshields, the first about half the length of the second; g) 8 (less commonly 7 or 9) supralabials; h) 8 or 9 (less commonly 7 and 10) infralabials; i) 1 (rarely 2) preocular; j) 2 (rarely 1 or 3) postoculars; k) 14–26 maxillary teeth; l) ontogenetic variation in the dorsal coloration of body and head (small specimens have dark and white/red colored macules on the head, and the body with dark crossbands separated by light interspaces, while large specimens have dorsal coloration uniformly green, brown or gray); m) hemipenes single, subcylindrical, not capitate, with the lobe about half the length of the organ, ornamented with papillate calyces gradually replaced by spinulate flounces and spines. The spines are arranged in more or less transverse rows, those bordering the sulcus spermaticus having a basal hook [COSTA et al. 2013]


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CommentType species: Herpetodryas dichroa PETERS 1863: 284 is the type species of the genus Drymoluber PETERS 1863.

Similar species: may be confused with Mastigodryas sp. 
EtymologyPeters (1863) did not comment on the reasons that led him to choose the name dichroa for the species he described. The words dichroa / dichrous comes from the ancient Greek, meaning “two-colored” or “two-skins”, and we suggest that the name may be an allusion to the contrasting color of adult specimens, which dorsum is dark colored, while the venter is light colored [COSTA et al. 2013]

The genus name Drymoluber (an amalgam of the words Drymobius and Coluber), was proposed to simultaneously distinguish and show the close relationship between Herpetodryas dichroa (now Drymoluber dichrous) and Coluber. The name Drymoluber is masculine in gender [COSTA et al. 2013]. 
References
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